"Constructing 10 Strategic Points" , psychology homework help

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This assignment gives you experience in the development of 10 Strategic Points for a study that you could design to replicate the Clark & Springer study.

General Requirements:

  • Use "Constructing 10 Strategic Points" to complete this assignment.
  • This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion.
  • use APA style for their writing assignments.
  • Include a minimum of five scholarly topic-relevant sources (majority of articles should be published within past 5 years)
  • You are not required to submit this assignment to Turnitin.

Directions:

  1. Review the 10 Strategic Points constructed in Week 2 and the Clark and Springer (2007) study. Additionally, review the feedback provided by the instructor.
  2. Use "Constructing 10 Strategic Points" to develop 10 Strategic Points for a replication of the Clark & Springer study that you could design for an undergraduate psychology program.
  3. Use the prompts and suggestions contained in the template to guide your work.

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College of Doctoral Studies PSY-850 Resource 10 Strategic Points Broad Topic Area Incivility in psychology undergraduate education programs Lit Review Include citations from studies on incivility in psychology education. Problem Statement Write a problem for the psychology study, in the GCU required format. Research Questions Now frame questions for a like study to be conducted in undergraduate psychology programs. Sample Describe the sampling strategy you could use for a like study in an undergraduate psychology program. Define and justify the sampling strategy from a research source. Justify the sample size for a qualitative study from a research source and from the GCU Core Design Document. Describe the Phenomenon Methodology and Design Describe the method and design you would use and justify your choice of both from a research source. Purpose Statement Develop a purpose statement for a psychology undergraduate program in the required GCU format. Data Collection Instruments and Approach Describe the IHE instrument to be used in this study. Data Analysis Approach Discuss a specific data analysis strategy you would use in your replication study in an undergraduate psychology program. Cite a specific researcher’s strategy such as Hatch, Miles and Huberman, Bogden and Biklin, or Saldana. Describe the data collection approach you would use, including getting informed consent and how you would protect the confidentiality of participants. Comments or Feedback © 2016. Grand Canyon University. All Rights Reserved. THOUGHTS on I N C I V I L I T Y: Student and Faculty Perceptions of UNCIVIL BEHAVIOR in Nursing Education CYNTHIA M. CLARK AND PA M E L A J . S P R I N G E R CONNIE SEEMS TO CHALLENGE EVERYTHING HER NURSING PROFESSOR SAYS. During small-group work, Connie text messages her friends and rarely pays attention. The professor is impatient and uses harsh language with Connie in front of other students. a common one in many of today’s nursing programs, is typical of situations that are at best disparaging and, under the worst circumstance, potentially violent. Evidence suggests that incivility on American college campuses is a serious and growing concern (1-8). THIS SCENARIO, Fostering an atmosphere of civility on college campuses presents a challenge. To be “civil” is to be polite, respectful, and decent. Conversely, “incivility” is defined as speech or action that is disrespectful or rude and ranges from insulting remarks and verbal abuse to explosive, violent behavior (9). Academic incivility is any speech or action that disrupts the harmony of the teaching-learning environment. Some uncivil behaviors can be quite disruptive and affect the academic environment so radically that learning is effectively terminated (10). T H I S A RT I C L E reports on a study of perceptions of nurse faculty and nursing students in one school of nursing regarding incivility in nursing education, its possible causes, and potential remedies. ABSTRACT Faculty members complain about the rise of uncivil behavior in their students, and students voice similar complaints about faculty. Using an interpretive qualitative method for research, this study examined student and faculty perceptions of incivility in nursing education, possible causes of incivility, and potential remedies. Narrative analysis yielded the following categories: in-class disruption by students, out-of-class disruption by students, uncivil faculty behaviors, and possible causes of incivility in nursing education. The authors argue that further research is needed to increase awareness and understanding about academic incivility, its impact, and its psychological and social consequences. March / April 2007 Vol. 2 8 N o . 2 93 U N C I V I L B E H AV I O R Review of the Literature INCIVILITY IN HIGHER EDUCATION To create a more civil society, Eberly urges Americans to elevate common good over self-interest, to encourage wider civic participation, and to renew social values (11). Carter believes that rudeness and disrespect are “the merest scratch of the surface of [our societal] crisis” (12, p. 16) and evidence of our nation’s growing incivility. According to Carter, selfishness and getting one’s own needs met are crowding into the social life of America, including our nation’s classrooms. While academic incivility is not a new phenomenon, Braxton and Bayer (2,3) suggest that it is on the rise, and that courtesy and civility among faculty and students are fracturing and dissolving on college campuses across the country. Faculty members complain about the rise of uncivil behavior in their students (5,8,13,14), and students voice similar complaints about faculty (1,2,15-17). Education plays an important role in developing a civil society, and higher education plays a special role in helping students develop a sense of civic and social responsibility and learn ways to contribute to the common good (18). In the United States, where public education is integral to preparing citizens for employment and socioeconomic mobility, education also accepts social responsibility for well-being in civil society (19). Many explanations for academic incivility have been suggested, including exposure to violence, poor secondary school preparation, changing student demographics, and inadequate parenting (2). Levine and Cureton describe contemporary college students as distrustful of leadership, lacking confidence in social institutions, and being ill prepared for the rigors of academe (20). Braxton and Bayer indicate that it is important to consider the changing demographics of students as well as the impact of faculty behaviors (2,3). Clearly, a safe teaching and learning environment is needed and deserved. Incivility within the academic community is too damaging to ignore, and even though acts of disrespect and harassment may be reflective of a changing nation, such behaviors must be immediately and effectively addressed (1,7,21). INCIVILITY IN NURSING EDUCATION Further research in the area of incivility in nursing education is needed. A qualitative study by Luparell used a critical incident technique to conduct extensive interviews with 21 nursing professors representing nine different nursing programs in six states (5). Faculty described aggressive and severe incidents of student incivility and reported being verbally abused by students. As a consequence of significant and sustained negative effects of these encounters, faculty reported losing sleep, having interrupted sleep patterns, and experiencing a number of other negative reactions to these encounters. Some faculty changed their pedagogy and modified grading criteria to avoid further conflict with stu9 4 Nursing Education Perspectives dents, and many harbored self-doubt about their teaching abilities and assumed much of the blame for what occurred. Thomas conducted extensive interviews with nursing students from a variety of nursing programs across the country (14). These students offered the opinion that faculty play a significant role in academic incivility and provided examples of uncivil faculty behaviors. They described themselves as being angry about unexpected changes in clinical schedules, changes to the syllabus, and nurse faculty who “seem to make up the rules as they go” (14, p. 19). Several common triggers of their anger were identified, includ- Clearly, a safe teaching and learning Incivility within the and even though acts of disrespect and a changing nation, immediately ing perceptions of faculty unfairness, rigidity, being overly critical of students, insistence on conformity, and discrimination against nursing students based on gender, race, and ethnicity. Lashley and deMeneses surveyed 409 nursing programs in the United States regarding the frequency of uncivil student behaviors (22). Inattentiveness, absence from class, and tardiness were the most frequently reported uncivil behaviors. Fewer than 50 percent of respondents reported verbal abuse of faculty and student peers as a problem. Forty-three percent indicated that disruptive behaviors had increased over the last five years. A plenary session panel at the National League for Nursing Education Summit 2005 focused its attention on incivility in nursing education, and a report on the panel discussion was published in Nursing Education Perspectives (23). Clark, a panelist, reported on the use of the Incivility in Nursing Education (INE) survey, which includes both quantifiable and open-ended items (24). Clark and Springer used the INE survey to investigate incivility in nursing education from both faculty and student perspectives in a nursing program in the northwest United States (17). Findings from the pilot study revealed that both nursing faculty and students viewed academic incivility as a moderate to serious problem. Both groups reported similar behaviors as uncivil, and both indicated a desire to learn more about the problem. The qualitative comments were illuminating and form the basis for this article. The Qualitative Study This study was conducted using quan- titative and qualitative methodologies to investigate the problem U N C I V I L B E H AV I O R of incivility in nursing education in a university environment from both student and faculty perspectives. Its purpose was to consider possible causes of incivility and to recommend potential remedies. The qualitative portion of this study was developed to examine three research questions: • How do nursing students and nurse faculty contribute to incivility in nursing education? • What are some of the causes of incivility in nursing education? • What remedies might be effective in preventing or reducing incivility in nursing education? environment is needed and deserved. academic community is too damaging to ignore, harassment may be reflective of such behaviors must be and effectively addressed. All faculty (n = 36) and students (n = 467) in the associate and baccalaureate degree nursing programs of a metropolitan public university received information about the study and were asked to participate (17). Approval to conduct the study was obtained by the university Institutional Review Board. SURVEY INSTRUMENT All participants completed the Incivility in Nursing Education survey, which included demographic questions, quantitative items designed to measure faculty and student perceptions of incivility in nursing education, and four open-ended questions used to gather perceptions of faculty and students. This survey was developed by modifying items from two instruments designed to measure faculty and student incivility in higher education: 1) the Defining Classroom Incivility survey designed by the Center for Survey Research at the University of Indiana (25), and 2) the Student Classroom Incivility Measure (known as the SCIM-Part C), where students are asked to rate uncivil faculty behaviors in the classroom (4). After obtaining permission, Clark developed the INE by modifying items from these instruments to be more applicable to nursing education. To establish initial content validity, faculty with experience in student and faculty incivility reviewed the newly developed survey and compared the content to themes found in the literature. Faculty and students pilot tested the survey for readability, and revisions were then made to the wording of questions. PROCEDURE The researchers emailed faculty in the department of nursing to invite them to participate in the study and request permission to distribute surveys to their nursing students. Faculty response was favorable; all agreed to assist in the distribution of the survey to nursing students. Clearly written instructions were provided with the surveys. During a two-week period in October 2004, faculty self-administered their own surveys and provided time during classes and clinicals for students to complete their surveys. All participation was voluntary. All responses were collected and placed in a large envelope, which was then given to a research assistant to compile. Fifteen of 36 nurse faculty (41.6 percent) and 168 of 467 nursing students (35.9 percent) completed the qualitative parts of the survey. An interpretive qualitative method was used to analyze the data from narrative responses (26). Each researcher independently reviewed the student and faculty comments to identify recurring responses and organize them into themes. Areas of agreement and disagreement were discussed and verbatim comments reviewed until both researchers were comfortable that the analysis was a valid representation of the comments. Findings The first research question asked students and faculty how each group contributes to incivility. Findings were grouped into two themes: in-class disruption and out-of-class disruption. Table 1 lists uncivil in-class student behaviors as identified by faculty; response frequencies are provided in descending order. With regard to in-class student disruption, respondents wrote about disruptions in class, negative remarks, and other forms of student incivility. Cited behaviors included challenging professors regarding test scores in class, dominating class discussion, carrying on side conversations that disturb other students, and sighing to express displeasure with assignments. Students commented as follows: • “Students are disruptive when they do not listen to faculty and other students, text message their friends, and use cell phones during class.” • “It is most frustrating when students challenge professors, especially during class.” With regard to out-of-class disruption, respondents wrote about discrediting faculty, complaining about faculty, and failing to use appropriate communication channels. (See Table 2.) Uncivil behavior in this category included students discrediting faculty knowledge, publicly bad-mouthing professors, and turning in assignments late, without making prior arrangements. Students commented as follows: • “I hear students bad-mouthing professors between classes. I don’t think it’s helpful to prejudice another student against a professor in that way.” • “Students send inappropriate emails, are negative toward faculty and other students, and sigh because they think that an March / April 2007 Vol. 2 8 N o . 2 95 U N C I V I L B E H AV I O R assignment is stupid.” The students identified six themes of uncivil faculty behaviors as shown in Table 3. Comments referred to faculty condescension, poor communication skills, and superior attitudes toward students. Uncivil behavior included challenging students’ knowledge or credibility in front of others, demeaning the profession of nursing, and failure to provide a respectful forum for discussing concerns. Students commented as follows: • “Some faculty make belittling comments and try to weed out students. They are arrogant and show superiority over students.” • “Some faculty treat students like they are stupid and make condescending, rude remarks.” The second research question asked students and faculty to suggest possible causes for uncivil behavior in nursing education. Their responses are presented in descending order in Table 4. Themes included the high-stress environment of nursing education, faculty arrogance, and a lack of immediacy in addressing incivility when it occurs. Students commented as follows: • “Faculty lose their patience and take out their personal stress on students. They either do not deal with uncivil behaviors or are overly harsh and demeaning.” • “Incompetent, rude professors encourage the same rude behavior from students. If you can’t teach, don’t! Students are frustrated by the lack of resources to report a rude, incompetent professor, and fear retaliation if they go to the top to report it. We’ve been told that it can cost us our degrees and that we’ll be flunked out if we speak up. This simply encourages incompetence and incivility to continue.” • “Many students believe they can be as rude as they want because they are paying customers.” The third research question asked students and faculty to suggest possible remedies for incivility in nursing education. In many cases, the respondents called for a swift, immediate response to incivility, and some suggested a “zero tolerance” approach to the problem. Several possible remedies were offered, including setting forth standards and norms, strengthening university policies and support for faculty, and enforcing campus codes of conduct. It was recommended that incivility be addressed immediately and that open forums and mediation panels be developed to resolve conflicts related to incivility. It was also recommended that faculty and students learn conflict negotiation/mediation skills. Implications for Nursing Education and Research Nurse faculty and students perceive incivility as a problem both in and out of the classroom. Stress, disrespect, faculty arrogance, and a 9 6 Nursing Education Perspectives Table 1. In-Class Disruption by Students as Identified by Faculty UNCIVIL STUDENT BEHAVIOR FREQUENCY OF RESPONSE Disrupting others by talking in class 20 Making negative remarks/disrespectful comments toward faculty 11 Leaving early or arriving late 9 Using cell phones 7 Sleeping/not paying attention 3 Bringing children to class 1 Wearing immodest attire 1 Coming to class unprepared 1 Table 2. Out-of-Class Disruption by Students as Identified by Faculty UNCIVIL STUDENT BEHAVIOR FREQUENCY OF RESPONSE Verbally discrediting faculty 4 Turning in late assignments without proper notification 2 Sending inappropriate emails to faculty 2 Not keeping scheduled appointments 1 Complaining about constructive feedback from faculty 1 Stealing/driving too fast on campus 1 Making veiled threats toward faculty 1 Table 3. Uncivil Faculty Behaviors as Identified by Students UNCIVIL FACULTY BEHAVIOR FREQUENCY OF RESPONSE Making condescending remarks 26 Using poor teaching style or method 23 Using poor communication skills 19 Acting superior and arrogant 15 Criticizing students in front of peers 7 Threatening to fail students 7 Table 4. Possible Causes of Incivility in Nursing Education as Identified by Students and Faculty POSSIBLE CAUSE FREQUENCY OF RESPONSE High-stress environment 10 Lack of professional, respectful environment 9 Lack of faculty credibility and responsiveness 8 Faculty arrogance 6 Sense of entitlement among students 3 Students not really interested in nursing 3 Not being clear about expectations 2 Competitiveness 2 Lack of immediacy to address incivility 2 Distance learning (virtual) environment 2 Lack of student preparation 1 U N C I V I L B E H AV I O R sense of student entitlement contribute to incivility in nursing education. To deal effectively deal with these issues, faculty and students must work together with administrators to develop and implement comprehensive codes of conduct and effective strategies to prevent incivility. Further, they must craft remedies for effective intervention when incivility occurs. Standards and ethical principles that define the profession exist to ensure that qualified, ethical nurses are graduated from nursing programs. Nurse faculty and students must be accountable to these standards and bear a shared responsibility to conduct themselves in an ethical, professional manner. They must engage as partners in lively dialogue to address these problems. This study of incivility in nursing education is timely. Most earlier studies on this topic have focused on the problem of student incivility. These findings shed light on possible causes of incivility, potential remedies, and how faculty, as well as students, contribute to the problem. From the classroom to the practice setting, further research is needed to address several topics: • The nature of incivility and its impact on the educational process and on the profession as a whole • The relationships between student and faculty perceptions of incivility and ways to effectively address the problem • Whether there are gender differences in ways that faculty and students experience incivility • How civility experienced by students — or perpetrated by students — affects patients It is clear that uncivil encounters have a negative effect on the academic environment and have the potential to disrupt the teaching-learning environment. Greater awareness and understanding about academic incivility, its impact, and its psychological and societal consequences are needed. NLN NLN About the Authors Cynthia M. Clark, PhD, RN, is associate professor, Department of Nursing, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho. Pamela J. Springer, PhD, RN, is professor and department chair, College of Nursing. Boise State University. For more information, contact Dr. Clark at cclark@boisestate.edu. Keywords Codes of Conduct – Incivility – Student Behavior – StudentFaculty Relations References rooms. Chronicle of Higher Education, 44(29),A12-A14. 1. Boice, B. (1996). Classroom incivilities. Research in Higher Education, 37, 453-486. 9.Tiberius, R. G., & Flak, E. (1999, Spring). Incivility in dyadic teaching and learning. New Directions for Teaching and Learning, 77, 3-12. 2. Braxton, J. M., & Bayer, A. E. (1999). Faculty misconduct in collegiate teaching, Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press. 3. Braxton, J. M., & Bayer, A. E., Eds. (2004). Addressing faculty and student classroom improprieties. New Directions for Teaching and Learning, 99, 89-95. 4. Hanson, M. F. (2000). Classroom incivility: Management practices in large lecture course (Doctoral dissertation, South Dakota State University, 2000). Dissertation Abstracts International (UMI No. AAT 9978835). 5. Luparell, S. (2003). Critical incidents of incivility by nursing students: How uncivil encounters with students affect nursing faculty (Doctoral dissertation, University of Nebraska, 2003). Dissertation Abstracts International (UMI No. AAT 3092571) 6. Luparell, S. (2004) Faculty encounters with uncivil nursing students: An overview. Journal of Professional Nursing, 20(1), 59-67. 7. Luparell, S. (2005).Why and how we should address student incivility in nursing programs. In M. H. Oermann & K.T. Heinrich (Eds.), Annual review of nursing education: Strategies for teaching, assessment, and program planning (pp. 23-36). New York: Springer Publishing. 8. Schneider,A. (1998, March 27). Insubordination and intimidation signal the end of decorum in many class- 10. Feldman, L. J. (2001). Classroom civility is another of our instructor responsibilities. College Teaching, 49(4), 137-140. 11. Eberly, D. E. (1998). America’s promise: Civil society and the renewal of American culture. New York: Rowman & Littlefield. 12. Carter, S. L. (1998). Civility: Manners, morals, and the etiquette of democracy. New York: Basic Books. 13. Gonzales,V., & Lopez, E. (April, 2001).The age of incivility: Countering disruptive behavior in the classroom. AAHE Bulletin, 55(8), 3-6. 14.Thomas, S. P. (2003). Handling anger in the teacher-student relationship. Nursing Education Perspectives, 24(1), 17-24. 15. Amada, G. (1994). Coping with the disruptive college student: A practical model. Asheville, NC: College Administration Publishers. 16. Hall, J. M. (2004). Dispelling desperation in nursing education. Nursing Outlook, 52, 147-154. 17. Clark, C. M., & Springer, P. J. (2007). Incivility in nursing education: A descriptive study on definitions and prevalence. Journal of Nursing Education, 47(1), 714. 19. Mourad, R. (2001). Education after Foucault:The question of civility. Teachers College Record, 103(5), 739-759. 20. Levine, A., & Cureton, J. S. (1998).What we know about today’s college students. About Campus, 3(1), 4-9. 21. Baldwin, R. G. (1997-1998). Academic civility begins in the classroom, Teaching Excellence, 9(8). [Online]. Available: http://iteso.mx/~ruth/05_ reflexiones/02_ambiente/civility.html. 22. Lashley, F. R., & deMeneses, M. (2000). Student civility in nursing programs: A national study. Journal of Professional Nursing, 17(2), 81-86. 23. Kolanko, K. M., Clark, C., Heinrich, K.T., Olive, D., Serembus, J. F., & Sifford, K. S. (2006). Academic dishonesty, bullying, incivility, and violence: Difficult challenges facing nurse educators, Nursing Education Perspectives, 27(1), 34-42. 24. Clark, C. M. (2004). Incivility in nursing education: A pilot study on faculty and student perspectives. Unpublished manuscript. 25. Center for Survey Research, University of Indiana, Bloomington,. (2000, June 14). A survey on academic incivility. Preliminary report. [Online]: Available: www.indiana.edu/~csr/Civility%20PreReport.pdf. 26. Merriam, S. B. (2002). Qualitative research in practice: Examples for discussion and analysis. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass. 18. Boyer, E. (1990). Campus life: In search of community. Princeton, NJ: Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching. March / April 2007 Vol. 2 8 N o . 2 97 Copyright of Nursing Education Perspectives is the property of National League for Nursing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. PSY-850 Resource 10 Strategic Points Broad Topic Area Incivility in psychology undergraduate education programs Lit Review Include citations from studies on incivility in psychology education. Problem Statement Write a problem for the psychology study, in the GCU required format. Research Questions Now frame questions for a like study to be conducted in undergraduate psychology programs. Sample Describe the sampling strategy you could use for a like study in an undergraduate psychology program. Define and justify the sampling strategy from a research source. Justify the sample size for a qualitative study from a research source and from the GCU Core Design Document. Describe the Phenomenon Methodology and Design Describe the method and design you would use and justify your choice of both from a research source. Purpose Statement Develop a purpose statement for a psychology undergraduate program in the required GCU format. Data Collection Instruments and Approach Describe the IHE instrument to be used in this study. Data Analysis Approach Discuss a specific data analysis strategy you would use in your replication study in an undergraduate psychology program. Cite a specific researcher’s strategy such as Hatch, Miles and Huberman, Bogden and Biklin, or Saldana. Describe the data collection approach you would use, including getting informed consent and how you would protect the confidentiality of participants. Comments or Feedback
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Running Head: PSYCHOLOGY

1

Thoughts on Incivility: Student and Faculty Perceptions of Uncivil behavior in Nursing
Education
Insert your name
PSY-850
Grand Canyon University

2
1. Topic: Student and faculty perceptions of uncivil behavior in nursing education.
2. Literature review
a.

Background
i.

There have been complaints of student uncivility from faculty staff in
many courses including but not limited to nursing. (Altmiller, 2012).

ii. Counter-complaints from students about the faculty's uncivil behavior
towards them. (Knepp, 2012).
iii. The decline in academic levels among nursing students due to the bad
blood between the students and faculty. (Lasiter, Marchiondo &
Marchiondo, 2012).
iv. Reports from both students and faculty to the administration about each
other. (Robertson, 2012).
v. Physical confrontations, theft, and disturbance amongst student and
faculty leading to arrests (Kopp, & Finney, 2013).
b. The the...


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