Description
1: How does labeling describe why adolescent behavior is partially driven by societal responses to the youth’s identity and behavior?
2: What are the different types of labeling theories, their empirical strengths, and their relationships to juvenile justice practice?
3: Identify the history of conflict explanations of behavior dating to the work of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels.
4: Explain the theory of differential oppression, which states that delinquency is a consequence of the oppressive ways that adults think about and treat children.
5: Identify the overall place of labeling and conflict explanations of delinquency compared to other theories of crime.
Explanation & Answer
Attached.
1: How does labeling describe why adolescent behavior is partially driven by societal
responses to the youth’s identity and behavior?
Labeling is a process of giving an individual a title they have not chosen for themselves (Garcia
2013) Labeling could have either negative or positive consequences, but typically it is associated
with negative consequences, and usually revolves around deviance. Labels can start at birth and
can last for an entire lifetime.
As soon as a baby is labeled as boy or girl expectations are put into place. These expectations
will determine what color of clothes it will wear, the type of toys that it will play with, and what
type of behavior is considered acceptable. From there, preconceived ideas are drawn on an infant
because of their race, parents, socio-economic status, place of birth, and their overall physical
health and appearance, which will later determine the types of resources they will have access to.
This process of labeling can have an "effect on a person's social identity" that they will carry
with them for a life time (Inderbitzen 2003).This idea of a title affecting an individual’s attitudes,
beliefs, and actions carries a significant weight. It’s difficult to break a label, especially if it is
tied to the color of someone’s skin, sex, or age. "The person becomes the thing he is described as
being or stigmatized as (Inderbitzen 2003). Once they have received this "identity" they have to
make a "rationalization of their position in society (Inderbitzen 2003). From there they have to
learn to live with the label, even if the label was not earned or even close to the truth. Therefore,
with labeling, an individual’s "own self concepts are reflections of others’ conception...
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