Allied Health: Healthcare Law and Ethics

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II. Answer the following questions which pertains to the article titled Scariest Hospital Risks.

SOURCE: Access this article in this week’s Module.

1. The non-profit organization, ______________________, which was chartered by the United States National Academy of Sciences, estimated that at the minimum each year ______________ patients in America are victims of hospital based medical errors.

2. List at least six reasons which this article sites that contributed to medical mistakes, do not include any specific mistakes on individuals who were mentioned in the article.

3. What medical mistake was made by the staff at Cedar Sinai Medical Center in Los Angeles on the actor, Dennis Quaid’s newborn twins? What surgical mistake was made on the comedian, Dana Carvey?

4. According to this article, the core problem in hospitals is __________________. Provide at least two specific solutions for this core problem which was proposed by the Boston University researcher, Eugene Litvak.

5. This article cited that between ______________ and _______________ people die every year because of medical mistakes.

6. Since the above figures were presented approximately seven years ago, use the Internet to find information and statistics for the number of deaths from medical errors in the United States for either 2015 or 2016. Cite the source where you obtained this information; include the organization who whose research provided the data, the date of the findings and the website.

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II. Answer the following questions which pertains to the article titled Scariest Hospital Risks. SOURCE: Access this article in this week’s Module. 1. The non-profit organization, ______________________, which was chartered by the United States National Academy of Sciences, estimated that at the minimum each year ______________ patients in America are victims of hospital based medical errors. 2. List at least six reasons which this article sites that contributed to medical mistakes, do not include any specific mistakes on individuals who were mentioned in the article. 3. What medical mistake was made by the staff at Cedar Sinai Medical Center in Los Angeles on the actor, Dennis Quaid’s newborn twins? What surgical mistake was made on the comedian, Dana Carvey? 4. According to this article, the core problem in hospitals is __________________. Provide at least two specific solutions for this core problem which was proposed by the Boston University researcher, Eugene Litvak. 5. This article cited that between ______________ and _______________ people die every year because of medical mistakes. 6. Since the above figures were presented approximately seven years ago, use the Internet to find information and statistics for the number of deaths from medical errors in the United States for either 2015 or 2016. Cite the source where you obtained this information; include the organization who whose research provided the data, the date of the findings and the website. Scariest Hosptial Risks Scariest Hospital Risks Source: Forbes Magazine (2007/2008) Authors: Matthew Herper Melanie Lindner Hospitals manufacture miracles by the millions. They can also be hazardous to your health. According to The Institute of Medicine, a non-profit organization chartered by the U.S. National Academy of Sciences, at least 1.5 million Americans fall prey to hospital error every year. “Errors will happen anytime you take a complex system and put human beings inside of it,” says Dr. Brent James, vice president of medical research and executive director of Salt Lake City’s Intermountain Institute for Health Care Delivery Research. “The notion that you can train doctors to completely avoid mistakes is just false.” The mistakes aren’t exactly minor, either. Between 40,000 and 100,000 people die every year because of shoddy handiwork, including surgical mishaps and drug mix-ups. One big problem: Hospital patients may get the wrong drug one time out of five, according to a study by Auburn University. The death toll from mistakes is at least as bad as that from car accidents or breast cancer, and maybe as bad as that from strokes. Another 100,000 people die because of infections from hospital-bred bacteria that are resistant to one or more of the antibiotics doctors use to kill them off, according to the Center for Disease Control. Some of those might be prevented by more hand washing or other precautions. No patient, rich or poor, is immune to hospital risk. Back in November, actor Dennis Quaid’s newborn twins were given 1,000 times the intended dosage of heparin (a blood thinner) just after their birth at Cedar Sinai Medical Center in Los Angeles. The twins’ blood became dangerously thin, making them prone to hemorrhaging. Hospital staff detected the error and the children were given a second drug to counteract the heparin. In another widely reported case, comedian Dana Carvey was the victim of a botched heart bypass operation; his doctor operated on the wrong artery. The problem was fixed in a second procedure. Managing these risks often comes down to unrelenting attention to detail. One study showed doctors only washed their hands 44% of the time if nobody was looking. If they knew they were being watched, 61% washed up–still way too low. At least the hospitals are making better ground on pneumonia. Born of bacteria that collect and live in ventilator machines that keep patients breathing, these potential killers were once accepted as a cost of doing business, but today hyper-vigilant hospitals can go months or years between cases. Germ-fighting fixes include inclining patients’ beds, disinfecting their mouths and using drugs to prevent ulcers that could cause stomach bacteria to infiltrate the lungs. But even extreme vigilance can’t cope with the hospital system’s core problem: overcrowding. “Doctors and nurses spend insufficient time with each patient,” says Evan Falchuk, president of Bostonbased Best Doctors, which works with insurers and employers to help the very sick navigate the health care system. “Many doctors are seeing between 30 and 40 patients per day.” With more patients than resources to treat them, hospitals often end up putting people in the wrong departments–with nurses and aids who aren’t trained to treat their illnesses. Shuffling patients from different wings invites the spread of airborne infections, too. Reducing the overcrowding has become the quest of Eugene Litvak, a researcher at Boston University who helped telecommunications companies work more efficiently in his native Russia before moving to the U.S. Litvak says that the solution to the rampant overcrowding is smoothing the massive volatility in patient care. The challenge is similar to preventing traffic jams. It’s not so much that there aren’t enough doctors and nurses, but that patients tend to show up all at once or not at all. And traffic spikes don’t occur because of kids falling out of trees or sudden epidemics; it’s that surgeons are allowed to schedule operations without regard for how many operating rooms will work at the same time. Badly scheduled admissions, says Litvak, “will screw up everything else that you build.” At Boston University Medical Center, Litvak reduced the number of surgeries that needed to be rescheduled in a year to seven from 700. At Cincinnati Children’s Hospital, he increased the number of surgeries conducted by evening out the flow; at the same time, the number of nasty complications like ventilator pneumonia and surgical errors went down. Unfortunately, though, patients don’t have control of how operations are scheduled. Best Doctors’ Falchuk says to be your own advocate. “[People] want someone to wave a wand and fix the problem,” says Falchuk. “If you’re sick, the best way to avoid getting sicker is to take charge of your care.” In Pictures: The Seven Scariest Hospital Complications (Links to an external site.)………
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Explanation & Answer

here it is, please let me know if you need anything changed.

1. The non-profit organization, ___The Institute of Medicine_____, which was chartered
by the United States National Academy of Sciences, estimated that at the minimum
each year 1.5 million patients in America are victims of hospital based medical errors.
2. List at least six reasons which this article sites that contributed to medical mistakes,
do not include any specific mistakes on individuals who were mentioned in the article.







Surgical mistakes
Drug mix ups
Hospital based bacterias which can be avoided by more hand washing
Overcrowding
Doctors and nurses don't spend enough time with each patient
hospitals put people in the wrong departments–with nurses and aids who
aren’t trained...


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