Running Head: Final project paper 1 Final project paper Institution Affiliation Name Running Head: Final project paper Literature Review Summary of the articles – how physical, social and environmental factors play in throughout the course and how related views have changed over time It is safe to suggest that the article agree to the fact that both the parental and environmental characteristics influence the individual cognitive outcomes and mental development. For instance, in one study, it was demonstrated that people tend to be frustrated and disruptive when they are not on drugs. Further, studies show that prolonged exposure on drugs such as cocaine and heroin can have adverse effects on the development of an individual. However, research demonstrates that those children who are born to alcoholic mothers are more mentally affected than children born to healthy mothers. In addition, the articles claim that the children who expose to drugs and alcohol during pregnancy struggle with different type of learning abilities and issues. However, these symptoms are not apparent until the children reach maturity age. Furthermore, research shows that pregnancy and first years of the child’s life is crucially fundamental to the growth and development of that child in his or her future live. Studies also show that joint usage of tobacco and marijuana for many years can results to adverse health effects associated with periodontal and lung functions. Researchers agree that usage of cannabis among the young people lead to poor health. Conclusion From the foregoing, it is suggestively true that usage of drugs and alcohol has insignificant impact on the human health. Further, use of drugs and alcohol during pregnancy can have inconsequential health impacts on the mental development of an infant. It is also true to point out that children who are exposed to drug use and alcohol lead a poor health in their future lives. 2 Running Head: Final project paper Description of the research designs used in the studies: In these studies, the researchers investigated the usage of drugs by patterns and how they impact on the health wellbeing of individual. Some of the control factors used in the studies includes usage of drug substances, socioeconomic status and mental cases. Further, the studies employed prospective longitudinal designs and sample of different participants particularly from colleges. Other studies employed the use of case-on-control study applied by the Genetics and Psychosis. This method mostly targeted individuals who were admitted in hospitals with mental cases of psychosis. The researchers conducted interviews as a way of gathering information from the patients. Ethics considered in the studies: Consent was obtained of the individuals participated in the studies. Informed written consent was issued to the participants. Further, the participants were ensured that the information gathered from them could not be used to discriminate them against sex or gender. Before the participants could be involved in the studies, they were informed the importance of participating in such studies. How this ties into the historical view of ethics: For many centuries, and as shown in these studies, virtues of ethics have been emphasizing on observing moral concepts and code of ethics when carrying out any research. It is requirement that the consent of the participants is obtained to ensure healthy research. Further, the researchers have been, for centuries, required to inform the participants the benefits of being involved in such studies. All these criteria were observed in these studies. 3 Running Head: Final project paper Research design Explaining the research gap I identified after reviewing the provided articles: The research failed to address the inconsequential impacts of the implementation and legalization of marijuana in the United States. The research only focuses on the health risks of using drugs and alcohol but fail to tackle how enactment of frivolous that promote use of drugs contribute to the issue. Further, I have noted in this research that most of the participants used were not mentally developed enough to understand the importance of the study. It seems that some of them offered information without understand its nature. Therefore, it is safe to suggest that the research could have been biased. Research question: How do the economic factors influence the use drugs and alcohol among young people? Describing how I would design a study to address the gaps: I would make sure that all the participants involved in the study know the nature of the research and their information would contribute to the study. Further, I would take every measure to ensure that the research promote gender balances for gathering reliable information. In addition, I would interview the participants and get to know their views on how economic factors influence drug use. Explaining how I would address ethical issues and how the plant was influenced by historical factors: It is safe to state that, historically, researches have been focusing on ensuring ethics in every study. Therefore, in my study, I would make sure the participants’ consent is obtained prior to 4 Running Head: Final project paper being interviewed. In addition, I will ensure that the participants are informed the importance of the study and why their help is needed. Conclusion From these studies, we have learned that the use of drugs and alcohol can affect children due to prenatal and infant exposure. It has also been demonstrated that addiction of drug abuse affect children in their future lives. Drug use has insignificant impacts on the both physical and mental wellbeing of an individual. In other words, if an individual is exposed to drug use at young age, he or she will have poor health in his or her adulthood. References Forti, M., Sallis, H., Allergi, F., Trotta, A., Ferraro, L., & Stilo, S. (2014). Daily Use, Especially of High-Potency Cannabis, Drives the Earlier Onset of Psychosis in Cannabis Users. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 40(6), 1509-1517 5 Running Head: Final project paper Meier, M., Caspi, A., Cerda, M., Hnco, R., & Harrington, H. (2016). Associations Between Cannabis Use and Physical Health Problems in Early Midlife: A Longitudinal Comparison of Persistent Cannabis vs. Tobacco Users. American Medical Association, 110. Bechtold, J., Simpson, T., White, H., & Pardini, D. (2015). Chronic Adolescent Marijuana Use as a Risk Factor for Physical and Mental Health Problems in Young Adult Men. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 29(3), 552-563. Forti, M., Sallis, H., Allergi, F., Trotta, A., Ferraro, L., & Stilo, S. (2014). Daily Use, Especially of High-Potency Cannabis, Drives the Earlier Onset of Psychosis in Cannabis Users. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 40(6), 1509-1517. Meier, M., Caspi, A., Cerda, M., Hnco, R., & Harrington, H. (2016). Associations Between Cannabis Use and Physical Health Problems in Early Midlife: A Longitudinal Comparison of Persistent Cannabis vs Tobacco Users. American Medical Association, 110. 6 PHL 111 Module Four Journal Guidelines and Rubric Overview: In this journal entry, you will continue to explore the argument in the primary article associated with your chosen topic for the final project. You will explain how the argument contains or avoids bias, providing specific examples from your primary article to justify your claim. You will also discuss the credibility of the overall argument by first examining the argument’s resources, and then determining how the credibility supports or undermines the article’s claims. For your final project, you will need to discuss each of these aspects, so this journal assignment is an opportunity for you to start to think about and practice discussing these things in relation to the primary article for your chosen topic. Review this tutorial for information on creating a Blackboard journal entry. Prompt: Specifically, the following critical elements must be addressed in your journal entry: I. Presented Argument: To begin your journal entry, provide a sentence reminding your instructor which article you are referring to so that you can best communicate. Include a link to your selection. A. Explain how the argument contains or avoids bias. i. Provide specific examples to support your explanation. ii. What assumptions does it make? B. Discuss the credibility of the overall argument. i. Were the resources the argument was built upon credible? ii. Does the credibility support or undermine the article’s claims in any important ways? Rubric Guidelines for Submission: Your journal entry should be 2 to 3 paragraphs in length. Instructor Feedback: This activity uses an integrated rubric in Blackboard. Students can view instructor feedback in the Grade Center. For more information, review these instructions. Critical Elements Presented Argument: Bias Presented Argument: Credibility Articulation of Response Proficient (100%) Explains how the argument contains or avoids bias and provides specific examples to support explanation Discusses the credibility of the overall argument Submission has no major errors related to citations, grammar, spelling, syntax, or organization Needs Improvement (75%) Explains how the argument contains or avoids bias but explanation is illogical, contains inaccuracies, or does not provide specific examples Discusses the credibility of the overall argument but discussion is cursory, illogical, or contains inaccuracies Submission has major errors related to citations, grammar, spelling, syntax, or organization that negatively impact readability and articulation of main ideas Not Evident (0%) Does not explain how the argument contains or avoids bias Value 45 Does not discuss the credibility of the overall argument 45 Submission has critical errors related to citations, grammar, spelling, syntax, or organization that prevent understanding of ideas Total 10 100%
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