Description
You are the senior civilian advisor to the emergency response manager (ERM). The ERM realizes that the psychological impact of a mass-casualty incident (MCI) can be devastating. The ERM is prepared to handle the incident response with emergency personnel and equipment, but he is unsure if the city is prepared for the psychological aftermath. As his senior advisor, you have been asked to generate a white paper study of past MCIs and their psychological impact.
The ERM wants the white paper to include 1 terrorist MCI and 1 natural MCI. You are to choose 1 from each category below:
Terrorist MCIs | Natural MCIs |
Sarin Gas Attack, Japan (1995) | Hurricane Katrina, United States (2005) |
Oklahoma City Bombing, United States (1995) | Tsunami, Indian Ocean (2004) |
Madrid Train Bombings, Spain (2004) | Flooding, Pakistan (2010) |
Bali Nightclub Bombings, Indonesia (2002) | Galtür Avalanche, Austria (1999) |
Assignment Guidelines
- Address the following in 900–1,200 words:
- For each of the selected mass-casualty incidents, discuss the following:
- Provide a detailed overview of the incident.
- What was the number of victims killed and wounded?
- What psychological symptoms are exhibited by direct attack victims?
- If one is available, include a diagnosis.
- What psychological symptoms are exhibited by indirect victims, such as family members, friends, and coworkers of the direct victims?
- What immediate and long-term treatment plans exist for the victims?
- For each of the selected mass-casualty incidents, discuss the following:
- Remember to fully support your arguments with scholarly resources.
- Be sure to reference all sources using APA style.
Provide at least three references.
Explanation & Answer
Attached.
Running head: MASS CASUALTY INCIDENTS
Psychological Effects of Mass Casualty Incidents
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MASS CASUALTY INCIDENTS
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The purpose of the present paper is to discuss the psychological impact of mass casualty
incidents (MCI) with the goal of preparing the ERM to handle psychological aftermath of
incidents. Two past MCIs are discussed, namely the Oklahoma City bombing and the Hurricane
Katrina. As shown, both the Oklahoma City bombing and the Hurricane Katrina affected the
psychological well-being of many people, not only the victims but also their families. On the
other hand, giving a large number of victims in both cases, authorities have significant problems
in managing the psychological aspects of the disasters, especially in the case of Hurricane
Katrina.
The Oklahoma City bombing was a terrorist MCI On the Alfred P. Murrah Federal
Building in Oklahoma City. The incident occurred on April 19, 1995, and was carried by
Timothy McVeigh and Terry Nichols. As a result of the incident, 168 people were killed and
around 700 were injured. There was also important material loss, as 324 buildings were either
destroyed or damaged and 86 cars were burned. Rescue efforts concentrated local, state, and
federal agencies. The incident is widely described as one of the deadliest terrorist attacks in the
United States (Tucker, Pfefferbaum, Nitiéma, Wendling & Brown, 2016).
The events from Oklahoma were a life-altering event for many people, including the
victims of the bombing and their family. Evidence suggest that many people suffered from
depression, domestic violenc...
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