5 page essay

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Humanities

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Choose one of the following questions and write a 5 page essay: (double spaced)

1.Humans have developed systems of governance to create order. Examine the development of governmental systems from the earliest river-valley civilizations through the middle ages. What brought about the emergence of early political systems? What are the salient features of complex civilization? What factors might explain the growth of empires in the ancient and medieval periods, and account for their decline?

2. Civilization and social inequality seem to go hand in hand. How have human societies attempted to develop ethical systems and thus regulate the abuses of power and violence, and ensure social harmony? In what ways have these attempts sown divisions among human beings. In your essay, please examine the formation of ethical systems between 500 and 700 BCE, the impact of universal religions between 100BCE and 600 CE, and the role of religion in the expansion of the Islamic Caliphate, European Christendom and the Mongol Empire.

3. We can learn a great deal about human culture when we explore our interaction with food. Examine the relationship between the cultivation of food, the development of complex civilization, the growth of trade and commercial networks between 3000 BCE and 1500 CE. Your essay should reflect finally on the implications of agricultural in the clash between the old world and the new around 1500.

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Running head: CIVILIZATION AND SOCIAL INEQUALITY

Civilization and Social Inequality

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CIVILIZATION AND SOCIAL INEQUALITY

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Introduction

Social inequality has existed in the world for over hundred years and has existed in
nearly all societies. This inequality is mostly attributable to agricultural development and
urbanization. Societal civilization through interactions in trade, migrations, diffusion of
technologies and conflicts led to the increase in social inequality. For most of history, people
relied on fishing, hunting and gathering plants as their main source of food. However, this
soon changed and one of the greatest human revolutions happened when agriculture was
discovered.

This was the beginning of population explosion because it later led to further
innovations thereby giving room for civilization. This led to the change in human style
because villages developed into cities. As the society grew in terms of civilization,
occupational specialization led to the development of social stratification based on classes of
religious specialists and government officials. These were the first class individuals while the
lower class were individuals who took other roles like technical support. Inequality started
when the society realized that materials could have value and therefore the pattern of
inequality we see today was developed and continues growing. However, societies have
developed approaches of dealing with power conflicts and violence.

Rise of Religion
Historically, China, India, and The Middle East were some of the first regions which
experienced high civilization with massive empires. Most of this classic civilization was
characterized by relationships with nomadic groups especially the ones from central Asia.
Distinctive cultures and institutional patterns were established at the time. At that time,
religion was a powerful social force which shaped the life of humanity. Between 100 and 600
CE, ...


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