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Why the U.S. has The Highest Incarceration Rate compared to Other Developed Countries Name: Tong Wu Date: April 18th Introduction     There are too many prisoners in American jails. Someone said that “too many Americans go to too many prisons for far too long and for no truly good law-enforcement reason” Statistically, it is noted that America is roughly 5% of the whole world’s population, yet it boasts of having 25% of all of the world’s prisoners! Roughly, in every 107 Americans, one person is behind bars. Comparison Compared with other nations, the rate of imprisonment in America is absurd.  The rate of incarceration in America was:  ❖5 times more than in Britain ❖7 times more than in France ❖24 times more than in India (Barclay & Tavares, 2003) Since the 1980s, the rate of incarceration has tripled.  All this is caused by different reasons.  Reasons for High Rate of Incarceration  Harsher drug penalties  Political Realignments  High-stress  Policies environment and Practices Harsher Drug Penalties        Initiated due to the crack epidemic in the 1980s. State and Congress legislatures passed strict laws Mandatory minimum sentences for drug related cases were instituted. These sentences apply to small time drug users also. Those arrested in possession of tiny quantities are also subject to the minimum sentences. Everyone involved in drug operations is found to be liable according to the conspiracy laws. This increases the number of people that are incarcerated. Political Realignments Democrats were not sure how to respond to the increasing crime rates in the U.S.  The Republican Party used the extended rights of the defendants (by the U.S. Supreme Court) to popularize itself.  Republicans used the increased crime rates to appeal to the white voter’s needs and anxieties about the black power movement.  As a result, harsher laws were put in place to deal with the threat which led to increased rates of incarceration.  High-Stress Environment      In high-stress environments, young people lose hope and engage in crime. Those who have prior convictions are highly stressed since they are not able to get jobs easily. People with priors are highly likely to engage in crime again due to stress factors and lost hope. Black communities and other “underprivileged” communities have high crime rates. Disruptive consequences to the family due to high rates of incarceration of non-white men nudges the children towards criminal activity. Policies and Practices Policies were put in place with the intention of increasing the use and severity of prison sentences (Harrison & Beck, 2004).  In 1980s and 1990s, laws were passed to ensure that more of the people that are convicted were imprisoned.  Prison terms were also extended for offences that had short prison terms which prolonged the stay in prison.  Act of 1994 required prisons applying for Federal grants to prove that they had increased the rate of convicted persons imprisoned in their facilities, as well as the average prison time.  References Barclay, G., & Tavares, C. (2003). International Comparisons of Criminal Justice Statistics 2001. London: Home Office, Research Development Statistics. Accessed at ttp://www.homeoffice.gov.uk/rds/pdfs2/hosb1203.pdf. Harrison, P.M., & Beck, A.J. (2004). Prisoners in 2003. Washington, DC: US DOJ, Office of Justice Programs, Bureau of Justice Statistics. Accessed 10/25/2006 at http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/bjs/ab-stract/p03.htm. THANK YOU
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CAUSES OF HIGH RATES OF INCARCERATIONS IN
THE US
Introduction
LADIES AND GENTLEMEN, THERE ARE MANY CASES OF OFFENCES BEING
COMMITTED IN THE US RESULTING TO A VERY HIGH NUMBER OF
INCARCERATIONS. THE NUMBER OF YEARS SPENT BY AMERICANS BEHIND BARS
IS PRESUMABLY THE HIGHEST IN THE WORLD WITH ONE ANONYMOUS
COMMENTATOR NOTING THAT THE NUMBER OF AMERICANS GOING TO
PRISONS IS SO BIG FOR SO LENGTHY TIME FOR NO GOOD REASON BY THE LAW
ENFORCEMENT. THIS MAKES THE US’S DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE CONVICT THE
HIGHEST NUMBER OF OFFENDERS AMONG THE DEVELOPED COUNTRIES. IN THIS
PRESENTATION, WE ARE GOING TO FOCUS ON THE STATISTICS FROM THE LAW
ENFORCEMENT AGENCIES AND COMPARE THEM WITH OTHER COUNTRIES
AROUND THE WORLD TO PROVE THAT US HAS THE HIGHEST INCARCERATION
RATES AMONG THE DEVELOPED COUNTRIES. THE GIST OF THE PRESENTATION,
HOWEVER, WILL BE LOOKING AT THE REASONS WHY THIS TREND IS SO AND ALL
THE CONTRIBUTING FACTORS LEADING TO THIS UNDESIRABLE SITUATION.

Introduction cont.
The US accounts for only 5% of the world population. This we would
expect to also reflect to the number of the populace behind bars.
Nonetheless, the statistics are somewhat worrying. A whooping quarter
of the world population in prisons come from the US alone. This is an
absurdly high number of convictions for suspected offenders.
Compared to Britain, the US department of justice was five times more
likely to convict an offender and send them behind bars. This was also
seven times compared to France and twenty four times higher than the
incarcerations in India. The rate of incarcerations in the US has skyrocketed since the 80s. So at this juncture, we pose and ask ourselves,
what are the causes for this?

Enforcement of harsh drug penalties
The first cause for the high incarcerations in the US is the enforcement of
harsher drug penalties. After the outbreak of the crack epidemic in the
80s, the Congress passed stringent laws to curb this menace. To some
extent it was a great idea to rescue the youths from losing themselves in ill
pleasures that come with drug addiction. However, these legislations set
sentences for all drug related crimes with even the small time drug users
being handed a mandatory prison sentence. Even in ...


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