Below I have 2 posts please provide a response for both. 150 words each with reference. Part 1 Your response to your peers by extending, refuting/correcting, or adding additional nuance to their posts. Community Health Problem & Improvement Plan       With the increasing number of community health problems in the United States, there is an ever-growing need for scientific interventions in order to improve the population’s health. So many programs are being used by many public health officials to implement and evaluating evidence based approaches towards solving the major health issues that affect so many communities in the U.S. Assessing the health of a community is one of the first steps in identifying issues of concern in a community and then developing a strategy based on understanding, interpretation and evaluation, which ultimately leads to problems solving.       Diabetes is a serious health problem in our communities. Many Americans, especially the elderly and people of color, are at significant risk of developing type 2 diabetes, making it a public health problem. In my community, many steps have been taken to prevent the development of chronic conditions like diabetes. Diabetes becomes a public health problem by causing many economic and health problems. Diabetes leads to limb amputation, blindness, infection and kidney failure. According to a recent study, diabetes affects over 400 million people worldwide and over 34 million people in the United States (US); in 2017, the cost of care for individuals with diabetes was USD327 billion in the US alone (Dixon et al., 2021).       The evidence-based diabetes management solution used so far in my community is the chronic disease management model that require ongoing, long-term interactions between health care providers and patients and some accompanying activities such as exercises and diet management. Self-management is a key feature of the chronic care model and is the ability to self-manage one's condition. Patients are key interpreters, managers and creators of their own health. Researchers believe diabetes can be better managed through multiple visits or through two-way communication and self-management with your doctor.       The health system and insurance, however, may place limits on this solution, which increases the number of office visits and the need for multiple blood tests. Many people with chronic conditions do not have adequate insurance to take multiple exams or access special exam services. Another limitation lies in the position of doctors when tests such as eye examinations, foot examinations and proper education of the disease for self-care are not performed. Ultimately, I think the chronic care model is a great approach, but the many constraints of our health care system prevent it from adequately meeting the needs of people with chronic conditions. It is our mission, as community nurses, to evaluate the adequacy of both the goals and the interventions. Even when care is appropriate, it may be inadequate (Maurer & Smith, 2017)       Lack of focus on community health can lead to many complex problems that are not easy to fix. Chronic diseases, such as diabetes and heart disease, can also increase if a community’s overall well-being is suffering. An unhealthy community tends to be obese and struggle more from chronic diseases and other health challenges. These chronic illnesses not only shorten life expectancy, but also have dramatic economic implications. The CDC reports that 90% of the country's annual health care costs are allocated to people with chronic illnesses (CDC, 2019).       Improving public health is a huge challenge that involves collaboration among public health workers, doctors, nurses, local authorities, volunteers and the general public. Communities benefit from access to walking and cycling trails, healthy diet, exercise, and affordable health care. Education through health fairs and advertising campaigns that highlight the risk factors such as tobacco exposure, poor diet and lack of physical activity can raise awareness of the importance of healthy lifestyle choices and play an important role in preventing diabetes and maintaining the health of the community. References DIXON, D. L., SISSON, E. M., PAMULAPATI, L. G., SPENCE, R., & SALGADO, T. M. (2021). An ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure: considerations for pharmacists delivering the National Diabetes Prevention Program. Pharmacy Practice (1886-3655), 19(2), 1–5. https://doi.org/10.18549/PharmPract.2021.2.2426 Maurer, F.A, & Smith, C.M. (2013). Community/Public Health Nursing Practice. Health for Families and Populations, (5th Ed.). Elsevier Centers for Disease Control (2019). Partnerships to Improve Community Health. National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion. Retrieved January29,2019 from https://www.cdc.gov/nccdphp/dch/programs/partnersh... Below I have 2 posts please provide a response for both. 150 words each with reference. Part 2 Your response to your peers by extending, refuting/correcting, or adding additional nuance to their posts. Abstract            A community is defined by the Oxford dictionary as a group of people living in the same environment or have a particular characteristic together. Maurer and Smith define community as a place where people dwell, or a group of people with common interests, or a place with specific boundaries. A community can be about religion, nursing, or a neighborhood where people live (Maurer & Smith, 2013, p. 394). For them a community must have three critical components, people, place, and social interaction or common characteristics, interests, and goals. However, community may presents with difficulties or hardships, how to overcome these and improve health plan? 1. a) Community health problem             Different factors may surge in the community and affect it’s well-being, such as insecurity, water, electricity, and unemployment problems. Moreover, high crime rates and high levels of poverty in the neighborhood can also affect seriously the health and welfare of the residents (Maurer and Smith, 2013, p. 394). Natural disaster such as hurricane and earthquake may also affect the health of the community. Furthermore, conflict may arise if law is not obeyed for example, more then 38000 people die every year due to car accident. Education problem may affect a community if schools do not meet standard required by the state. Inequality may be a problem affecting the health of the community. For example, in places where only men have the right or access to certain things such as work. Inequality exist when children cannot have access to hobbies, sport, and cultural education that may help in their developmental health. 1. b) Community Health Improvement program           Many factors influence health and well-being in a community, and different entities and people in the community have a role to play in answering to community health needs. The committee sees a requirement for a structure within which a community can take a comprehensive approach to maintain and improve health. For example, assessing its health needs, determining its resources and assets for promoting health, developing and implementing a strategy for action, and establishing where control should lie for specific results. Performance monitoring is critical to this process. Monitoring activities that ensure appropriate steps are taken by responsible parties and that those actions are having the intended impact on health in the community. It is also important to include a discussion of the capacities needed to support performance monitoring and health improvement activities. Furthermore, In developing a health improvement program, every community have to consider its own particular circumstances, including factors such as health concerns, resources and capacities, social and political perspectives, and needs. The community should take action to address its health concerns or choose who should be responsible for what, also communities should address issues that have a systematic approach to health improvement and makes use of performance monitoring tools that will help achieve their goals. 2. What structure, process, and outcome standards would you use to evaluate a program addressing this problem?          A community is a social systems made of structures, process, and functions. Structures are parts of the community and provide a base for the process. Process is a measure that indicate what a provider does to maintain or improve health, either for healthy people or for those diagnosed with a health care condition. These measures typically reflect generally accepted recommendations for clinical practice. For example, the percentage of patient receiving preventive care services such as mammograms or immunizations. Or the percentage of people with diabetes who had their blood sugar tested and controlled. Process measures inform patients about medical care expected to receive for a specific condition or disease which can contribute in improving health outcomes, the majority of healthcare quality measures used for public reporting are process measures. Functions are purposes and outcomes that result from community structures and processes. For example, creating and distributing goods and services, provide socialization, control social behavior, provide a sense of identity and mutual support, and coordinate, control, and direct activities to attain other community goals (Mauer & Smith 2013, p. 399).         To summarize, a community is composed of people from different background who unite together and form a special group, such a the church. Many factors may arise from a community such as a pandemic, for example the Covid -19 that is killing so many people of different groups and communities. Moreover, communities can count on health improvement plan to help restore health, for example, immunization and health promotion to prevent adverse health outcomes. We can rely on structure, process, and outcomes to make a plan for a particular problem related to the community for example, defining a plan to care for patient with diabetes or Hypertension. Reference           Maurer, F. A. and Smith, C. M. ( 2013) Community/Public Health Nursing Practice, (Ed 5th) Elsevier, Saunders.

Design and submit a concept map of digestive system. It should include concepts and connections between concepts including:Structure of the digestive systemPhysical and chemical digestionMetabolic reactions