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4 essay questions. Each answer should be a minimum of 300 words and have at least two references. I added questions in the drop box please answear the questions seperatly
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Running head: CRIMINOLOGY
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Criminology
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CRIMINOLOGY
Criminology
1. A review of the timeline of the criminology theory from a period of around 1920 reveals
that the view of crime was more positivist than classical. It was guided by social sciences
and led to the development of concepts that would require further scientific research. The
main point of focus regards theories that are connected to deviant behavior as well as
correct panic response and reform (Taylor, Walton & Young, 2013).The positivism
approach led to a concept that developed ways of treating criminals to ensure
understanding of criminal mind with the aim of reforming or rehabilitating. It also
focuses on educating the public concerning the formation of programs to make the youth
more concerned about avoiding making bad decisions. In the 60s, the positivist
discussion turned towards a centralized approach concerning theories such as the
deviancy theory. The end of the 20th century saw the continuation of fundamental
principles concerning crime and criminal law.
It led to expanded concerns especially concerning civil liberties, punishment as well as
rehabilitation and sentencing of offenders. In the late 19th century, there was the idea that
criminality was essential to nature of the criminal themselves. Furthermore, criminality
was not as a result of sociological factors. Criminal elements were often seen as those
who were insane in the past, and there were efforts to understand these people from
different characteristics (Burke,2013).Criminality was also seen as the biological or
physical abnormality, and many theorists sought to understand it better. Furthermore, the
early research concerning criminality revealed that criminal elements were incapable of
following rules or were unable to comply with rules. Psychoanalytic theories were also
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CRIMINOLOGY
formed to understand the occurrence of crime in a more conspicuous manner....