Sports concussions and traumatic brain injury

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Sports Concussions and Traumatic Brain Injury

For this week’s discussion, be sure you have read the article "Neurological consequences of traumatic brain injuries in sports,” by Helen Ling, John Hardy, and Henrik Zetterberg. This reading is available through the following link:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mcn.2015.03.012.

Ling, H., Hardy, J., & Zetterberg, H. (2015). Neurological consequences of traumatic brain injuries in sports. Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience. Amsterdam, Netherlands: Elsevier. Article in Press.

Professional as well as amateur athletes in contact sports including football, soccer, boxing and hockey are at risk for repeated concussions. Fortunately, the medical community is examining the long-term effects of repeated concussions or traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) on athletes with the goal of identifying preventative measures as well as treatments. In 2012, the National Football League donated $30 million dollars to the Foundation for the National Institutes of Health to support research in brain injuries. The Ling et al. article from this week’s assigned reading discusses how chronic brain injuries lead to chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE), a progressive degenerative disease including memory loss, confusion, aggression, depression, abnormal impulse control, impaired judgment, and ultimately dementia.

In this week’s Discussion, respond to the following:

  1. What are the types of brain injuries that occur in high-impact sports?
  2. At the cellular level, how are neurons and glia believed to be affected by TBIs?
  3. What are the macroscopic features (neuropathology) of chronic TBI? How is the structure of the brain affected?
  4. Do you think enough is currently being done to protect amateur and/or professional players? Why or why not?
  5. Do you believe there should be new rules and regulations and/or development of new protective gear? Why or why not?
  6. What do you think should be done to protect professional players from TBIs? Would you recommend the same interventions for amateur players? Why or why not?
  7. How would you advise a friend about their participation in professional football regarding repeated concussions?

Textbook ref: Ireland, K. (2013). Visualizing Human Biology. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley & Sons.

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Running head: SPORTS CONCUSSIONS AND TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY

Sports Concussions and Traumatic Brain Injury
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SPORTS CONCUSSIONS AND TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY

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Sports Concussions and Traumatic Brain Injury
Question 1
Several types of brain traumas occur in high impact sports. They include direct injury,
which involves a force penetrating or fracturing the skull to cause a severe brain injury as
damaging shock waves are wired through the brain structure. Evacuated skull fractures can as
well push the bone into the brain, resulting in tissue damage. Brain direct injury can occur when
the skull receives the impact. Even though the skull might receive a penetration or fractures in
this high impact, the pressure imparted to the brain can cause as well cause the brain to crash
against the interior of the hard skull (Ireland, 2010). During the high impact sport, a moving head
may come to a quick halt. Thus the brain remains in its movement, striking the inside of the
skull. Aforementioned can result to hurting of the brain or rather a concussion and eventual
internal bleeding or hemorrhage. Another type of a brain injury is known...


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