please respond to the main DQ1 and DQ2. Also respond to the peer discussions 1-6DQ1Based on how you will evaluate your EBP project, which independent
and dependent variables do you need to collect? Why?DQ2Not all EBP projects result in statistically significant results.
Define clinical significance, and explain the difference between
clinical and statistical significance. How can you use clinical
significance to support positive outcomes in your project?Peer DQ1When determining the appropriate variables to utilize
for evidence based research practices, the researcher must take into
account the aim of the study or what the study was seeking to define
or hypothesize, the participants within the study, etc. In the end,
the study must ensure that it has reached the necessary variables
that will allow it to propose the most optimal values and
preferences for effective implementation from research to practice
within the health care organization.
The way
you design your evaluation research will have a lot to do with how
accurate and reliable your results are, and how well you can use
them to improve your program or intervention. The design should be
one that best addresses key threats to internal validity (whether
the intervention caused the change) and external validity (the
ability to generalize your results to other situations, communities,
and populations).
•Independent
variables are the program itself and/or the methods or conditions
that the researcher – in this case, you – wants to
evaluate. They’re called variables because they can change
– you might have chosen (and might still choose) other
methods. They’re independent because their existence
doesn't depend on whether something else occurs: you've chosen them,
and they’ll stay consistent throughout the evaluation period.
•Dependent
variables are whatever may or may not change as a result of the
presence of the independent variable(s). In an evaluation,
your program or intervention is the independent variable. (If
you’re evaluating a number of different methods or conditions,
each of them is an independent variable.) Whatever
you’re trying to change is the dependent variable. (If
you’re aiming at change in more than one behavior or outcome,
each type of change is a different dependent variable.)
They’re called dependent variables because changes in them
depend on the action of the independent variable...or something else.
http://ctb.ku.edu/en/table-of-contents/evaluate/ev...Peer DQ2ased on the evaluation of my EBP project, the independent variable
that I need to collect is the number of handy hygiene procedures (hand
washing or hand sterilizing) from the healthcare providers using the
monitoring badges, while the dependent variable that I need to collect
is the compliance rate. The number of hand hygiene procedures
performed by healthcare providers have direct impact on the compliance
rates and number of hospital-acquired infections in the surgical
department. The data will be analyzed on a daily, weekly and
monthly basis for the first six months in a specific department.
The data collected will be for each employee and will need to be
statistically analyzed using a computer software program. When
the staff member uses the hand washing station, the monitoring badges
records the event and sends it to the computer software for analysis
(Hygreen, 2011). Each staff member will have a unique
identification number which will be recorded in the computer
application, so that data for each staff member in the department is
collected separately. ID number, time and date will be recorded
and sent for analysis. The statistical analysis program will review
the collected data and create plot charts, graphs and descriptive
statistical data such as mode, median and mean for each staff member's
hand washing compliance and the overall compliance for that specific
department. Compliance reports can be reviewed to see if the
improvement project is working, whether or not there are any problems
with equipment, if any employee has a high non-compliance with hand
hygiene (so they can be interviewed) techniques. The data
collected will allow the healthcare facility to determine if the hand
hygiene monitoring systems should be implemented throughout the entire facility. DavidHygreen. (2011). Hand Hygiene Recording and Reminding System.
Retrieved from http://hygreen.com/Peer DQ3Independent and dependent variables are used by researchers in a
project for the purpose of making observations and reaching a
conclusion. In order to do so, an independent variable is controlled
or changed to test how the dependent variable reacts (Flannelly et
al., 2014). On my EBP project the evaluation is based on positive
healthcare outcomes achieved by reducing the symptoms of Borderline
Personality Disorder (BPD), and mitigating against the risk of
complications arising. In this project, the independent variables I
will collect are the combinations of nursing interventions primarily
different applications of Dialectical Behavioral Therapy (DBT) among
other psychotherapy options ; while the dependent variable is the
satisfactory health condition of the clients as evidenced by the
absence of physical signs.
ReferencesFlannelly, L. T., Flannelly, K. J., & Jankowski,
K. R. B. (2014). Independent, Dependent and Other Variables in
Healthcare and Chaplaincy. Retrieved November 2018 from https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/08854726.2014.959374?scroll=top&needAccess=truePeer DQ4For the study regarding readmission of heart failure patients, the
dependent variable will be readmission. Although the period between
the readmission and discharge is different with regard to the
researcher. The main reason for choosing this variable is that the
correlation between readmission and HF1 is the main purpose of the
research. The independent variables show the models connected to
the clinical characteristics of patients, patient characteristics,
nursing unity background elements and the treatment of these patients
(Jensen, 2011). The main independent variable will accomplishment of
the discharge directives, HF1. This will include the written set of
instructions or the educational resources given to the caregiver or
patient at the time of discharge or when the patient is still at the
hospital. The instructions have an aim of addressing discharge
medications, weight monitoring, follow-up treatment and measure to
take when symptoms become worse.Others include variables connected to patient demographics such as
age, gender, marital status, and ethnicity. The other independent
variable is the extent of illness and the existence of comorbid
situations like hypertension, anemia, diabetes mellitus and coronary
heart illness. The other independent variable comprises of hospital
setting factors like unit where the patient will be discharged. The
administrative variable will comprise of direct cost and time of stay
in the hospital. The foundation of selecting the variables is founded
on the literature and the probable connection of the variables to the
outcomes and analysis connected to the HF (Jensen, 2011).ReferencesJensen, G. A. (2011). Outcomes of heart
failure discharge instructions.Peer DQ5A dependent variable is the variable being tested and
measured in a scientific experiment. An independent
variable is the variable that is changed or controlled in a
scientific experiment to test the effects on the dependent
variables..
The independent and dependent variables are the two key
variables in a science experiment. The independent variable is the
one the experimenter controls. The dependent variable is the
variable that changes in response to the independent variable.
The two variables may be related by cause and effect. If the
independent variable changes, then the dependent variable is
affected.( Helmenstine 2018). The Independent variables in CAUTI
prevention are urinary catheter bundle which includes proper
insertion and assessment techniques, computerised documentation
and ordering templates. Dependant variable is duration of the
catheterization and the number of CAUTI.
Reference:
Helmenstine, T. (2018).What is the difference between
Independent and Dependent Variables?. Retrieved from https://www.thoughtco.com/independent-and-dependen...Peer DQ6While
developing a project, it is highly important to identify and
understand the dependent and independent variables as well as the
distinction between them. As mentioned by Smokowski et al. (2016),
the project variables are essential in facilitating the framing of
the project and in organizing the project’s elements for
realization of the project result’s relevance and
significance. My evidence based project is on the use of stem cell
therapy for patients in the surgical unit. Taking this into account,
this project will investigate the impacts of using stem cell therapy
on the quality of life and health outcomes for surgical unit patients.
According
to Nilsen (2015), the independent variables are aspects within a
project that do not depend on other aspects or are not affected by
changes in other project variables. Dependent variables on the other
hand include those project aspects that whose values are a
consequent of other factors or are dependent on other project
aspects. In this regard, this project’s independent variable
is the stem cell therapy intervention. The stem cell therapy is
independent and constant for all the participant patients and is not
influenced by other aspects of the project such as nurse/ patient
perception. The project’s dependent variables include health
status of the participants which will be as a consequent of the stem
cell therapy interventions. This project will be studying the impact
of the stem cell therapy intervention on the patients’ health
status in which the variations in patients’ health status will
dictate the impact of the stem cell therapy in treating surgical
unit patients.
The
outcome of the study will be measured and evaluated by observing and
recording the change in the patients’ health conditions prior
to, during and after project implementation. In order for the
project to be rendered as successful, there ought to be measurable
improvements in the health status of the participant patients
following its implementation.
References
Nilsen,
P. (2015). Making sense of implementation theories, models and
frameworks. Implementation
Science, 10(1), 53.DOI: 10.1186/s13012-015-0242-0
Smokowski,
P. R., Guo, S., Wu, Q., Evans, C. B., Cotter, K. L., & Bacallao,
M. (2016). Evaluating dosage effects for the positive action
program: How implementation impacts internalizing symptoms,
aggression, school hassles, and self-esteem. American
journal of orthopsychiatry, 86(3), 310.doi: 10.1037/ort0000167.