Thoroughly describe the littoral, benthic, and limnetic zones of a lake, science homework help

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NO less than 125 words per question response. AT least one APA formatted reference directly after each question.

1.How much of the water on earth is fresh? Why is most of the fresh water unavailable for direct use by organisms?

2. Describe the zones of aquifers and how the water table changes its position over time.

3. Use your own words to describe the terms runoff, watershed, and floodplain.

4. Thoroughly describe the littoral, benthic, and limnetic zones of a lake.

5. What are wetlands? Name two types of wetlands and describe their functions in nature.

6.Thoroughly describe the intertidal, littoral, photic, benthic, and pelagic zones in the ocean.

7. Use your own words to describe the four layers of the atmosphere starting at the surface of the planet and going up in altitude.

8. Describe the movement of air in Hadley cells. Describe the movement of air in Ferrell cells.

9. Why is indoor air pollution typically more dangerous than outdoor air pollution? What is the most common indoor air pollutant in the developed world? What about in developing nations?

10. Thoroughly describe the effects of excessive nutrient pollution in surface water ways.

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Explanation & Answer

Attached.

Running head : ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE

Environmental science
Names:
Institution:

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ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE

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Environmental science

1.

How much of the water on earth is fresh? Why is most of the fresh water unavailable for
direct use by organisms?
The earth is covered mainly by water, and that forms at least 70% of the total

coverage. This translates to as high as 1.386 billion km³ of the volume that is present on the
service. Unfortunately, not all the water is usable as some have a very high amount of salt that
cannot support organism’s life. Of this volume, 2.5% is composed of fresh water. Further, not
all this fresh water is available for use by organisms. According to USSG (2016), a large
volume of this water is found too deep in the earth’s crust as aquifers or underground streams.
A large percentage of the remaining water occurs in the form of glaziers and ice sheets, and
that cannot be directly consumed by organisms in that nature. In fact, it is only 1.2% of the
fresh water that is accessible for consumption and with only 0.26% being in its liquid form on
the surface.
United States Geological Survey (USGS) (2016). The World's Water. US Department of
Interior. Available from https://water.usgs.gov/edu/earthwherewater.html
2.

Describe the zones of aquifers and how the water table changes its position over time.
Below the earth’s surface is a high amount of water that is trapped in between the

rocks. At this point, this water often flows around these areas depending on the permeability
and porosity of the rocks. Since the underground is composed of various strata of rock
materials, and with some materials being more porous than others, this leads to the occurrence
of aquifers below a section that has low permeability. Above this section is the water table
and that may change relative to infiltration of the water from the service to replenish the
underground water as well as a change in the rock structure and weather (Ilias, Thomas &

ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE

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Andreas, 2008). In this case, some areas that have abundant water such as beaches have lower
water tables than others such as the arid areas.
Ilias, T. S., Thomas, Z. S., & Andreas, P. C. (January 01, 2008). Water table fluctuation in
aquifers overlying a semi-impervious layer due to transient recharge from a circular
basin. Journal of Hydrology, 348, 1, 215.
3.

Use your own words to describe the terms runoff, watershed, and floodplain.
A watershed is a region with a significant amount of water, and that is drained to a

particular water source. In some cases such a...


Anonymous
Excellent resource! Really helped me get the gist of things.

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