____ 1. ____ 2.  ____ 3.  ____ 4.  ____ 5.  ____ 6.  A ______________ is a picture that shows the pairs of homologous chromosomes arranged in order from increasing to decreasing size.  genotype  pedigree  karyotype  What is the base-pairing rule for binding purines and pyrimidines in the DNA molecule?  C-U and A-G  A-G and C-T  A-T and C-G  A pea plant homozygous for the trait of smooth seeds is crossed with a pea plant that is homozygous for the trait of wrinkled seeds. The first generation produces seeds that are all smooth. What will the ratio of smooth seeds to wrinkled seeds be in the second-generation plants when the F1 generation is self-  fertilized?  4:0  3:1  2:2  The color of snapdragon flowers is a result of incomplete dominance. When a snapdragon with white flowers is crossed with a snapdragon with red flowers, what color offspring will result?  pink  white and red  red, white, and pink  What do scientists use as tools for isolating specific genes or creating fragments of a genome?  polymerase chain reaction  restriction enzymes  transformation  Which of the following genetic disorders is caused by dominant alleles for that trait?  Tay-Sachs disease  Cystic fibrosis  Huntington’s disease  ____ 7.  The study of how genetic inheritance affects the body’s response to drugs is called  gene therapy.  proteomics.  pharmacogenomics.  Which event during meiosis leads to a reduction in the chromosomes number from 2n to n?  Pairs of homologous chromosomes line up at the equator.  DNA undergoes replication.  Homologous chromosomes travel to opposite sides of the cell.  An individual with the genotype Aa is ______________ for the trait.  homozygous dominant  heterozygous dominant  recessive  What is the correct order of the processes that occur during protein synthesis?  DNA codes for RNA which guides protein synthesis.  RNA codes for DNA which guides protein synthesis.  DNA and protein synthesis create RNA.  For the trait being followed in this pedigree, what is the relationship between individual I-1 and individual III-2?  grandmother – grandson  grandfather – granddaughter  mother – son  What process involves manipulating the DNA of one organism in order to insert the DNA of another organism?  genetic engineering  inbreeding  cloning  What type of mutation is responsible for the disease called Crohn’s disease?  Insertion  Deletion  Duplication  Which of the following is a method of prokaryotic gene regulation?  Hox genes  RNA interference  lac operon  ____ 8.  ____ 9.  ____ 10.  ____ 11.  ____ 12.  ____ 13.  ____ 14.  ____ 15.  ___________ DNA is a newly generated DNA molecule containing DNA regions from different sources.  Restriction  Recombinant  Single-stranded  ______________ is an environmental influence that commonly affects an organism’s phenotype.  epistasis  temperature  autosome development  The process through which the mRNA is capped, spliced, and a poly-A tail is added thereby becoming ready for its role in protein synthesis is called  RNA processing.  translation.  transcription.  A true-breeding yellow pea plant is crossed with a true-breeding green pea plant, and all the offspring are yellow. What is the most likely genotype of the offspring assuming a single-gene trait?  yy  YY  Yy  What enzyme is responsible for building the new DNA strand during replication?  DNA helicase  DNA polymerase  DNA ligase  Which type of human cell typically contains 46 chromosomes?  male gamete  female gamete  skin cell  Santa Gertrudis cattle were developed by mating shorthorn beef cattle, who produce high quality beef, with heat- and insect-resistant Brahman cattle from India. The result of this cross is cattle that are resistant to heat and insects and who also produce high-quality beef. This process is an example of  cloning.  genetic engineering.  hybridization.  ____________ is the process that forms gametes.  cytokinesis  mitosis  meiosis  ____ 16.  ____ 17.  ____ 18.  ____ 19.  ____ 20.  ____ 21.  ____ 22.  ____ 23.  ____ 24.  ____ 25.  ____ 26.  ____ 27.  ____ 28.  ____ 29.  ____ 30.  A phenotype that results from a dominant allele must have at least one __________ allele present in the parent.  recessive  incomplete  dominant  During which phase of meiosis do homologous pairs of chromosomes line up next to one another along the equator?  anaphase I  metaphase I  prophase I  A(n) ______________ is an organism that contains a gene from another organism.  cloned organism  inbred organism  transgenic organism  When a homozygous male animal with black fur is crossed with a homozygous female with white fur, they have offspring with black fur. What type of inheritance does this represent?  complete dominance  incomplete dominance  multiple alleles  _______________ would NOT lead to genetic variation in organisms.  Mitosis  Meiosis  Independent assortment  Which statement about the human genome is false?  It contains approximately 23,000 genes.  It contains long stretches of repeated sequences with no known direct function.  Over 50 percent of all the nucleotides code for proteins in the human body.  A heterozygous organism is also known as  dominant.  purebred (true-breeding).  hybrid.  Mendel took the pollen from a tall pea plant and pollinated the flower of a short pea plant. When he did this, he removed the male parts of the flower on the short plant. Why was it important that he remove the male parts from the flower of the short plant?  because he wanted to prevent self-pollination  because the short plant was heterozygous  because he wanted to prevent the development of seeds  ____ 31.  ____ 32.  ____ 33.  ____ 34.  ____ 35.  ____ 36.  ____ 37.  The offspring of the cross-fertilization of YY pea plants with purple flowers and yy pea plants with white flowers are  pure breeds (true-breeding).  recessive breeds.  hybrids.  Which of the following would least likely be the result of a mutation in a person’s skin cells?  skin cancer  reduced functioning of the skin cell  the person’s offspring would have mutated skin  Which of the following bases are correctly paired together according to Chargaff’s rule?  a. A=G b. T=C c. T=A  A technique aimed at correcting mutated genes that cause human diseases is called  selective breeding.  gene therapy.  cloning.  Which of the following is a disadvantage of selective breeding?  Desirable traits are passed to offspring.  It is time intensive.  Plants and animals can grow faster.  Which of the following is a sex-linked disorder?  hemophilia  cystic fibrosis  albinism  The diagram below represents the sexual life cycle in dogs. A dog has 78 chromosomes, in this diagram the numbers represent the chromosome number found in each of the dog cells shown. The process that is occurring at A is called  mitosis.  meiosis.  fertilization.  ____ 38.  ____ 39.  ____ 40.  ____ 41.  ____ 42.  ____ 43.  ____ 44.  ____ 45.  ____ 46.  During meiosis the production of gametes with one extra chromosome 21 (trisomy 21) leads to a condition called  Klinefelter’s syndrome.  Turner’s syndrome.  Down syndrome.  Meiosis is the process that  consists of only one set of division phases and produces two identical diploid daughter cells.  consists of two sets of divisions and produces four haploid daughter cells that are not identical.  involves the selection of certain traits to be passed to the future generation.  A DNA segment is changed from -AATTAG- to -AATTTTAG-. What type of mutation is this?  duplication  frameshift  substitution  Which series is arranged in order from largest to smallest in size?  chromosome, nucleus, cell, DNA, nucleotide  cell, nucleus, chromosome, DNA, nucleotide  cell, nucleotide, nucleus, DNA, chromosome  Which of Mendel’s laws states that a random distribution of alleles occur during gamete formation?  law of independent assortment  law of hybrids  law of inheritance  If a black guinea pig (Bb) were crossed with a white guinea pig (bb), what would be the resulting phenotypic ratio?  1:0 black to white  1:1 black to white  3:1 black to white  What is the name of the method used by breeders to preserve desirable traits by developing pure lines?  hybridization  inbreeding  cross pollination  Okazaki fragments are the small segments on which strand of DNA?  leading strand  lagging strand  same strand  The physical appearance of an organism is known as its  phenotype.  genotype.  pedigree.  ____ 47.  Which of these is NOT a structure found in DNA?  a. deoxyribose b. phosphate group c. ribose  Of these agricultural species, which would likely be a polyploid?  a. sugar cane b. goat c. chicken  What is the term used to describe the process by which desired traits of certain animals are chosen so that they can be passed on to future generations?  cloning  hybridization  selective breeding  In pea plants, inflated pods (R) are dominant to constricted pods (r). Which of the following shows a cross between inflated pods and constricted pods?  RRxRR  RRxRr  RRxrr