Introduction to Ethics

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timer Asked: Jun 21st, 2017

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Reading Question 1: The Euthyphro Dilemma is not an argument against the existence of God. But it is an argument against the idea that an action can be made right simply by God commanding it to be so. Explain why it is that even religious philosophers have rejected divine command theory as the correct explanation of morality. Reading Question 2: According to Rachels, “If cultural relativism is true then moral progress is impossible.” Explain what he means by this, and what this way of stating cultural relativism is supposed to show. Reading Question 3: Explain Rachel’s “cultural differences argument.” Reading Question 4: Describe how Socrates advances his argument against Euthyphro i.e. summarize Euthyphro and Socrates' conversation. What question does Socrates start out with? What is Socrates' response? What is Euthyphro's next response? How does Socrates respond to that? Do not use the internet! Just do the reading and do your best. Reading Question 1: What is ethical subjectivism, and in the most general sense, and in your own words, why does ethical subjectivism not work as a moral theory? Reading Question 2: Explain Rachels’ arguments against subjectivism. Were they convincing? Why or why not? Reading Question 3: Explain evolution by natural selection and random variation the role of morality, or moral emotions, in this process. Reading Question 4: For most of human history we lived in small tribes as hunter-gatherers. In what ways does our evolutionary history of living in small tribes affect our thinking and behavior?
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