Running head: AUTHORITARIAN AND PERMISSIVE PARENTING 1 Week 4 Assignment Tony Pinedo Walden University Psych-6393-2 Dr. Robin Friedman June 20, 2017 AUTHORITARIAN AND PERMISSIVE PARENTING 2 Authoritarian and Permissive Parenting Parenting is a critical event in the growth and development of a child. The different stages of development require different approaches to parenting. Although it is hard, almost impossible to agree on the best parenting style, it is possible to synthesize some of the effects of different parenting styles. Permissive parenting and authoritarian parenting are two styles of parenting that seem to oppose each other in policies and philosophy. The article by Rosli (2014) addresses the effects of different parenting styles on the emotional and behavioral problems among children of the Islam faith. The article dissects the different parenting methods and their effects on the children behavior and emotions. The focus of this analysis is the authoritarian and permissive parenting styles and the negative effects they cause on children. The author of the article outlines the different aspects of children behavior and emotions that the authoritarian and permissive parenting styles affect. She embarks on the research of other scholars and what they had to say about the issue. She further adds to the knowledge with her analysis of the findings. The author’s approach to the issue of parenting styles is efficient in analyzing the unique effects of different parenting styles on the emotions and behavior of their children rather than the general approach to areas of concern. The article presents a rich literature review of different scholars ranging from as early as 1966 in the case of Baumrind to as recent as 2010 in the case of Timpano et al. Her research leading to the article, therefore, is comprehensive. Regarding authoritarian parenting, the author begins with the effects of the parenting style on children depression. The article thus links depression to authoritarian parenting and states that depression in such families is higher than in authoritative parenting families. This premise, therefore, presents one adverse effect of authoritarian parenting on the children. The AUTHORITARIAN AND PERMISSIVE PARENTING 3 author explains that depression is prone to children between ages 5 and if they are living in such families. Another approach that the article takes is the effect on children’s self-esteem. The collection of research articles presented by the author presents the argument that authoritarian parenting styles may lead to low self-esteem. The lowering of the self-esteem of a child, is, therefore, identified as another adverse effect. The author goes ahead to identify other negative effects of authoritarian parenting style as the aggression among children, the persistence of delinquent behavior, and the decrease in life satisfaction. The article, thus, is exhaustive and tackles the main issues regarding the authoritarian parenting. The author claims that authoritarian parenting may cause many adverse effects that cannot be exhausted in the scope of the paper. The analysis of the authoritarian parenting style is exclusive and suggests that authoritarian parenting may not be suitable for the proper social, behavioral, and emotional growth of children. The article succeeds in highlighting the positives as well as the negatives of permissive parenting. The author describes the style as “exhibiting nonpunitive, acceptance, and affirmative behavior toward children’s needs, desires, and actions” (Rosli, 2014). The approach of viewing both the negative as well as the positive parenting is effective in helping the comprehension of the article. The author succeeds in appealing to the audience by bringing the two sides of the style and discussing them at length. The author thus bases her argument on the premise that “permissive parents show high responsiveness and support for their children, while at the same time having low or little control of the children” (Rosli, 2014). The main point that the author advances regarding the negative effects of permissive parenting is the correlation with antisocial behavior. The author suggests the lack of rules or the feeling of being too close to the parents as disrupting the social interaction of a child with his or AUTHORITARIAN AND PERMISSIVE PARENTING 4 her peers. The article, however, fails to elaborate on any other issues that permissive parenting may cause regarding a child’s behavior and emotional growth. Although the previous observation is critical in analyzing the parenting style, the article is insufficient when advancing the adverse effects of this particular parenting style. The author, therefore, provides insufficient information regarding the permissive style of parenting. The research by Rosli presents findings among Muslim children. It thus presents a portion of the children in the U.S and internationally rather than the entire population. The aim of the researcher was to narrow down to religion-based parenting. It is, however, evident that her findings represent a majority of the children in the United States. The research, therefore, presents the difficulty of being biased. The bias is on religious grounds. The findings of the research may represent the entire child population but are not applicable throughout the population. The researcher, however, limits the bias by including children from different ethnic backgrounds and different countries. The author confirms the hypothesis that high behavior control and acceptance were linked to adverse emotional and behavioral effects. The issue of parenting evokes different opinions. The research on authoritarian and permissive parenting styles and their adverse effects present an insight into the matter of parenting and the different approaches by parents. The article by Rosli concerning the parenting styles and their effects presents a logical analysis of literature and discussion regarding the two opposing parenting styles. Her use of many resources from different authors makes her research credible. She also advances the points in unique areas regarding each style making the research well-styled to fit in the everyday application. The article targets the two most essential aspects of children growth; emotions and behavior and thus forms a proper basis for research on the topic. AUTHORITARIAN AND PERMISSIVE PARENTING 5 References Barton, A. and Hirsch, J. (2014). Permissive parenting and mental health in college students: Mediating effects of academic entitlement. Journal of American College Health, 64(1), 18. Doi: 10.1080/07448481.2015.1060597 Baumrind, D. (2013). Authoritative Parenting Revisited: History and Current Status. Authoritative parenting: Synthesizing nurturance and discipline for optimal child development, (pp. 11-34). Washington, DC, US: American Psychological Association, ix, 280 pp. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/13948-002 Braza, P., Carreras, R. and Muñoz, J.M. (2015). Negative Maternal and Paternal Parenting Styles as Predictors of Children’s Behavioral Problems: Moderating Effects of the Child’s Sex. Journal of Child and Family Studies (2015) 24: 847-856. doi:10.1007/s10826-013-9893-0 Hetherington, M. (2009). Coping With Divorce, Single Parenting, and Remarriage: A Risk and Resiliency Perspective. New York, NY: Psychology Press. Hopkins, J. (2015). Parenting Styles and Psychological Well-being in African American Adolescents. Virginia Beach, VA: Regent University, ProQuest Dissertations Publishing. Pong, S., Johnston, J. and Chen, V. (2009). Authoritarian Parenting and Asian Adolescent School Performance: Insights from the US and Taiwan. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 34(1), 62 – 72. DOI: 10.1177/0165025409345073 AUTHORITARIAN AND PERMISSIVE PARENTING 6 Rankin Williams, L., Degnan, K.A. and Perez-Edgar, K.E. (2009). Impact of Behavioral Inhibition and Parenting Style on Internalizing and Externalizing Problems from Early Childhood through Adolescence. Journal Abnormal Child Psychology (2009) 37: 1063. doi:10.1007/s10802-009-9331-3 Rosli, N. (2014). Effect of Parenting Styles on Children’s Emotional and Behavioral Problems among Different Ethnicities of Muslim Children in the U.S. Milwaukee, WI: Marquette University. Sangawi, H., Adams, J. and Reissland, N. (2015) 'The effects of parenting styles on behavioral problems in primary school children: a cross-cultural review.', Asian social science., 11 (22), 171-186. Smokowski, P.R., Bacallao, M.L., Cotter, K.L. and Evans, C. (2015). The Effects of Positive and Negative Parenting Practices on Adolescent Mental Health Outcomes in a Multicultural Sample of Rural Youth. Child Psychiatry and Human Development (2015) 46: 333-345. doi:10.1007/s10578-014-0474-2 Uji, M., Sakamoto, A., Adachi, K. and Kitamura, T. (2014). The Impact of Authoritative, Authoritarian, and Permissive Parenting Styles on Children’s Later Mental Health in Japan: Focusing on Parent and Child Gender. Journal of Child and Family Studies (2014) 23: 293. doi:10.1007/s10826-013-9740-3 AUTHORITARIAN AND PERMISSIVE PARENTING 7 Running head: PARENTING STYLES 1 Parenting Styles Walden University July 2nd, 2017 PARENTING STYLES 2 Introduction From the immemorial time, parents have been the basic pillars of the family. They are the fundamentals icon that upholds the essential family foundations which are critical for the social order of a particular family. The parental styles have numerous pros and cons which are part of similarities as well as differences of the parenting styles. Consequently, there are a number of scholarly articles that give various interpretations over the major two parenting styles. The discussion of each and every author(s) is highlighted as below. Integrated Synthesis Baumrind (2013) highlighted different stages of child development which require diverse approaches to parenting. That the parenting is an element which requires dedication with elements of even though it is impossible to be of the same opinion on the best parenting style. But Baumrind came up with the main two parenting style it is possible to synthesize some of the effects of different parenting styles. He illustrated the differences in the two opposing parenting style. In which authoritarian parenting and permissive parenting are styles which seem to oppose each other in their guiding principle along with philosophy. Additionally, Baumrind (2013) addresses the specific achievement of each style of parenting on the emotional and behavioral problems among children of the Islam faith. Parents with Islamic background have had issues in parenting with irrelevant moral directions to their children within their disposal. He dissects the different methods of parenting along with their effects on the children emotions and behavior. Barton & Hirsch (2014) outlines the effect of styles of parenting on the children’s behavioral along with emotional predicaments among diverse ethnicities of the different college students in the United State of America. Barton and Hirsch delineates the different facets of PARENTING STYLES 3 children behavior along with emotions which the parenting styles authoritarian as well as permissive effects. Barton and Hirsch embarks on the research analysis of the findings. Barton and Hirsch approached the issue of parenting styles inefficient as well as in a unique manner on the behavior as well as emotions of the children to a certain extent of the general approach to the vicinity of distress. Barton and Hirsch presents a literature review of diverse scholars with different ideas under discussion of the parenting styles that have been a subject of the matter as from the spell immemorial. The argument of the author they are within the concept of the authoritarian as well as permissive effects of the parenting style. On the subject of the authoritarian style of parenting, the author illustrated the effects of the parenting approach on children hopelessness. Consequently, Braza, Carreras & Muñoz (2015), associates depression to the parenting style of authoritarian and states that depression in most of the families is advanced than in the families of authoritative parenting style. The authors explain the advance effects of depression to the children who are between five to ten years who are living within those families. Braza, Carreras & Muñoz (2015), presents the argument which categorizes the parenting styles of authoritarian as a major cause low self-esteem. Therefore, this is another adverse effect of parenting styles of authoritarian. Braza, Carreras & Muñoz (2015) goes advances and identifies other similar effects of the authoritarian style of parenting as aggression within children, the determination of aberrant behavior, and the decline in living satisfaction. The authors are exhaustive as well as tackle the most important concern on the subject of the authoritarian parenting. Parenting style of authoritarian might lead to numerous adverse effects which cannot be worn out in the capacity of the augments. They analyzed the authoritarian parenting style as an exclusive as well as suggest PARENTING STYLES 4 that authoritarian parenting might not be appropriate for the suitable behavioral, social, along with the emotional growth of the children. Similarly, Hopkins (2015) illustrates the Parenting Styles in African American Adolescents along with Psychological Well-being. Hopkins thrive the positives along with the negatives of permissive parenting. Hopkins depicts the style as put on view non-castigatory, acceptance, in addition to affirmative behavior on the road to needs, actions as well as the desires of the children. The major point which the author advances on the subject of the negative effects of permissive parenting is the relationship with antisocial conduct. Hopkins suggests the deficient of rules as well as the emotion of being too secure to the parents as the troublesome social interface of a child with the peers. References Baumrind, D. (2013). Authoritative Parenting Revisited: History and Current Status. Authoritative parenting: Synthesizing nurturance and discipline for optimal child development, (pp. 11-34). Washington, DC, US: American Psychological Association, ix, 280 pp. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/13948-002 Braza, P., Carreras, R. and Muñoz, J.M. (2015). Negative Maternal and Paternal Parenting Styles as Predictors of Children’s Behavioral Problems: Moderating Effects of the Child’s Sex. Journal of Child and Family Studies (2015) 24: 847-856. Doi: 10.1007/s10826-013-98930 Hopkins, J. (2015). Parenting Styles and Psychological Well-being in African American Adolescents. Virginia Beach, VA: Regent University, ProQuest Dissertations Publishing. PARENTING STYLES 5 Barton, A. and Hirsch, J. (2014). Permissive parenting and mental health in college students: Mediating effects of academic entitlement. Journal of American College Health, 64(1), 18. Doi: 10.1080/07448481.2015.1060597 RESOURCE SYNTHESIS AND INTEGRATION 6
Purchase answer to see full attachment