Cause and Effect, and the writing process, English homework help

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After reviewing the PowerPoint on Cause and Effect, and the writing process. Please discuss several causes and effects of good writing. Initial post should be 300 words. I have attached the power points below.

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Cause and Effect Why do things happen? Cause and Effect • Links situations and events together in time • Causes precede Effects • Cause and Effect analysis explains: • Why something happened • Why something is happening • Predicts what might happen Several Causes/Effects • Sometimes many causes lead to one effect • Many causes contribute to a decision • several reasons (causes) for leaving home country and moving to US (effect) • Single cause can also lead to several effects • Immigration to US causes several effects Main and Contributory Causes • Main cause: Most important • Contributory causes: Less important • Important to identify to properly organize essay around Main causes • Example of roof collapse • Main cause—poor roof design • Contributory cause—weight of snow Immediate and Remote Causes • Immediate Cause: closely precedes an effect • Remote Cause: less obvious; could be something from the past • Roof collapse example • Immediate cause: weight of snow • Remote causes: roof design, poor maintenance Understanding Causal Chains • One thing leads to another, which leads to another, and so on. • Therefore, an effect can also be a cause • Important not to leave out any links in the chain • Links must be in proper order • Ex: Global warming > climate change > refugee crisis > increase in terrorism > increase risk to US Avoid Logical Fallacy: Post hoc ergo propter hoc •If A occurs after B, then B must have caused A •Mistaking coincidence for causality •Ex: Highway fatalities and drinking age THE WRITING PROCESS How do we write effective essays? Refer to Chapter 11 in The St. Martin’s Guide for further information. PROCESS VS. PRODUCT Many courses are focused on Product, not Process  For example, a history professor wants an eight page essay on the Great Depression by a certain due date  The professor wants the eight page paper by the due date, and will give it a grade based on its quality as Product, and is not particularly concerned with the Process followed to arrive at the Product  For this course, the emphasis is on Process over Product. Final drafts will be turned in and graded, but the Process is even more important and will also be graded via Workshops and Class Participation quizzes  Plus, students may revise the first two essays for potentially higher grades after they have been evaluated  To begin: spend some time just contemplating the topics that are most important to you. STEPS TO WRITING: PRE-WRITING Before beginning any essay, students should begin with the several steps involved in Prewriting  Too many students launch right into drafting without sufficient pre-writing, and it shows in content, organization, and final grades  Drafting and Free-writing are not the same  STEP 1: BRAINSTORMING  Say a professor gives a particular assignment, such as “Write a four page essay on San Diego.”  Not much direction, but often this is the case with college assignments  A student would want to begin this assignment by determining what he or she knows about the topic and writing it down  Brainstorming can be in the form of a list or a diagram, but the goal is to write down as many things about the topic as possible STEP 2: CLUSTER/EXPAND:  After Brainstorming, look at the list or diagram created to consider possibilities  Similar items might be Clustered together   Some items might be right for Expansion   For example, Sea World, Balboa Park, and Legoland might be clustered together as Family or Tourist Destinations For example, Education might be expanded by listing all the colleges and universities in the area Choose a tentative topic after working list STEP 3: FREE-WRITE, PAGE 496 After selecting a tentative topic, it is time to try it out and see if it will work  One good way to do this is by Free-writing  Write for a designated amount of time, say ten minutes or so, without stopping  Don’t think too much before you write—the goal is to think while you write  Grammar, spelling, and organization are not the main goals of Free-writing  If you have a lot of trouble writing for a few minutes on the topic, it might not be a strong choice. Free-write on another topic and see if it “works” better for you  Journaling is one way to get your ideas out on paper in an informal manner. See pg. 497 STEP 4:SELECT TENTATIVE THESIS  Next, read your free-writing and see if a sentence stands out that conveys the Main Idea (thesis) for what you have written  If one stands out, use this as your Tentative Thesis Statement  Tentative means it may, and probably will, change as the essay progresses  Can’t locate a possible thesis? Then try to write a sentence that conveys the main idea and use as a Tentative Thesis You may need to try out a few thesis statements before you arrive at a successful one! STEP 5: OUTLINE SEE PGS. 490-493, S T. MARTIN’S GUIDE  Once you have a topic and a tentative thesis, it is time to develop an Outline  Many students skip this critical step in essay writing, and as a result have essays that lack organization and tend to wander off topic  Writing an essay without an outline is like going on a road trip without a map (or GPS system!). You might eventually find your way there, but chances are you will have gotten lost along the way a few times DRAFTING Congratulations! Once all the previous prewriting steps have been completed, you are ready to begin composing your essay!  Workshops will be a critical part of the drafting process for this class  You are now ready to begin writing the draft! REVISION After workshopping your essay (or carefully reading it yourself) you will first want to focus on major areas of concern that will require the reworking of your essay  Revision may involve deleting sections, writing new sections, moving things around, or adjusting thesis  Good writing comes about after many drafts! EDITING/PROOFREADING  After all revisions are complete, you will want to carefully proof-read your essay and edit any corrections needed  Editing includes correcting spelling errors, grammar problems, and punctuation issues  Pay special attention to any areas of your essay you may have revised. Sometimes when we cut and paste, parts of sentences are left behind and need to be fixed, or spelling errors occur  Be sure to give it one more good read before submitting for a grade Revising can be challenging, but it produces great results in our writing! You will feel very happy when you have completed this process and you see improvement in your writing! The End
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OUTLINE

1. INTRODUCTION
2. BODY
3. CONCLUSION
4. REFERENCES


Running head: THE WRITING PROCESS

The Writing Process
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THE WRITING PROCESS

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CAUSE AND EFFECT OF EXCELLENT WRITING
Proper writing does not just come from the word go it, however, entails a process to be
attained. It is done by following a cycle or certain procedures for the whole to emerge excellent in
the very end. The process being talked about in this case is six-stepped; pre-writing, ...


Anonymous
Excellent resource! Really helped me get the gist of things.

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