Based upon what you have read, do you believe that the government should establish a national energy policy? If so, how would you construct this policy? Would you emphasis non-renewable energy (oil, natural gas, coal) or renewable energy (solar, hydro, thermal)? If not, how would you address our current energy issues? Again, would you emphasis non-renewable energy (oil, natural gas, coal) or renewable energy (solar, hydro, geothermal)?Your paper should be 2 pages in length and all citations must use APA formatting.

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.4.hw 13 1.The diagram shows two aqueous solutions separated by a semi-permeable membrane. Which diagram illustrates what this system will look like after some time has passed? 2.Classify each statement as applying to osmosis, dialysis, or both osmosis and dialysis.Osmosis, Dialysis, Bothanswer bank ; involves the movement of small particles across a semipermeable membrane, may be used as a way to separate small molecules and ions from Colloids, involves the movement of water across a semipermeable membrane, can be used medically in artificial kidney machines to remove urea, involves the movement of water across a cell membrane3.Arrange the boiling points of the aqueous solutions, relative to pure water. Assume complete dissociation for the ionic compounds.Highest boiling pointLowest boiling pointanswer bank ; H2O,0.17m C6H12O6, 0.13mK2SO4, 0.23m C6H12O6, 0.15m NaNO34.Assuming equal concentrations and complete dissociation, arrange these aqueous solutions by their freezing points.Highest freezing pointLowest freezing pointAnswer bank : Na3PO4,NaNO3, Li2CO35.A solution is made by dissolving 0.583 mol of nonelectrolyte solute in 809 g of benzene. Calculate the freezing point, 𝑇f, and boiling point, 𝑇b, of the solution. Constants can be found in the table of colligative constants.𝑇f=∘C𝑇b=∘C6.Calculate the molality of a solution formed by adding 3.80 g NH4Cl to 10.1 g of water. molality:𝑚 NH4Cl7.Lead(II) nitrate and ammonium iodide react to form lead(II) iodide and ammonium nitrate according to the reactionPb(NO3)2(aq)+2NH4I(aq)⟶PbI2(s)+2NH4NO3(aq)What volume of a 0.690 M NH4I solution is required to react with 487 mL of a 0.480 M Pb(NO3)2 solution?volume:mLHow many moles of PbI2 are formed from this reaction?moles:mol PbI28.The balanced equation for the neutralization reaction of aqueous H2SO4 with aqueous KOH is shown.H2SO4(aq)+2KOH(aq)⟶2H2O(l)+K2SO4(aq)What volume of 0.250 M KOH is needed to react completely with 17.3 mL of 0.285 M H2SO4? volume:mL9.Consider the neutralization reaction2HNO3(aq)+Ba(OH)2(aq)⟶2H2O(l)+Ba(NO3)2(aq)A 0.115 L sample of an unknown HNO3 solution required 26.9 mL of 0.150 M Ba(OH)2 for complete neutralization. What is the concentration of the HNO3 solution?concentration:M10.The balanced equation for the reaction of aqueous Pb(ClO3)2 with aqueous NaI isPb(ClO3)2(aq)+2NaI(aq)⟶PbI2(s)+2NaClO3(aq)What mass of precipitate will form if 1.50 L of concentrated Pb(ClO3)2 is mixed with 0.150 L of 0.230 M NaI? Assume the reaction goes to completion.mass of precipitate:g11.What is the concentration of a solution made by diluting 45 mL of 6.0 M HCl to a final volume of 750 mL?concentration:M12.How many milliliters of 10.0 M HCl(aq) are needed to prepare 800.0 mL of 1.00 M HCl(aq)?𝑉=mL13.A 47.0 mL aliquot of a 0.400 M stock solution must be diluted to 0.100 M.Assuming the volumes are additive, how much water should be added?volume of water:mL14.Use the food dye interactive to answer the question.A series of dye solutions are made by adding water to the stock Red 40 dye solution. Either the dilution ratio or the final concentration of the dye solution is given. Arrange the dye solutions from highest to lowest concentration.Highest concentration of dyeLowest concentration of dyeanswer bank ; 3.0 mL AND 3.0 mL water, 20uM Dye solution , 1.0 mL dye and 3.0 mL water , 4.0 mL dye and 0.0 mL water, 3.0 mL dye and 1.0 mL water15.Use the food dye interactive to perform each dilution and then determine the values of 𝐶f , 𝑉f , and 𝑉i .Food dyeInitial concentration (μM)Initial volume (mL)Final concentration (μM)Final volume (mL)Red 40322.0𝐶f4.0Yellow 5402.010𝑉fBlue 18.0𝑉i4.04.0𝐶f=μM𝑉f=mL𝑉i=mL16.How many grams of solute are present in 885 mL of 0.540 M KBr?mass of solute:g17.If 6.99 g of CuNO3 is dissolved in water to make a 0.250 M solution, what is the volume of the solution in milliliters?volume:mL18.Calculate the number of moles of solute in 84.17 mL of 0.1585 M K2Cr2O7(aq).moles of solute:mol19.A solution of CaCl2 in water forms a mixture that is 28.5% calcium chloride by mass. If the total mass of the mixture is 838.1 g, what masses of CaCl2 and water were used?mass of CaCl2:gmass of water:gCalculate the molarity of the two solutions.The first solution contains 0.300 mol of NaOH in 2.10 L of solution.molarity:MThe second solution contains 14.9 g of NaCl in 639 mL of solution.molarity:M20.Calculate the mass percent of solute in each solution.Calculate the mass percent of 3.57 g KCl dissolved in 58.6 g H2O.mass percent:%Calculate the mass percent of 25.5 g KNO3 dissolved in 848 g H2O.mass percent:%21.Classify each of the events based on whether the solubility of the gas will increase, decrease, or stay the same.Gas solubility increases,Gas solubility decreases,Gas solubility does not changeAnswer bank : the temperature is decreased, O2 as the temperature of a body of water rises, air in the blood as a diver descends 10 m, and the pressure increases by 1 atm , the pressure of a gas over a solvent is decreased, the partial pressure of an anesthetic gas is increased 22. Using the gas solubility interactive, consider how the solubility of a gas changes when pressure or temperature are changed. How many molecules of O2 are dissolved in solution under each condition?when pressure is lowestwhen pressure is in the middlewhen pressure is highestwhen temperature is lowestwhen temperature is in the middlewhen temperature is highestanswer bank ; 4,2,623.Use the information provided in the gas solubility interactive to complete the statements.As pressure decreases, the solubility of a gas .As temperature decreases, the solubility of a gas .increases,decreases,does not change 24.When potassium chromate, K2CrO4 is dissolved in water, what ions are produced? K2+2+CrO2−4 no ions are formed 2K++Cr6++4O2− 2K++CrO2−4 2K++Cr2−+2O225.Consider the solubilities of a particular solute at two different temperatures.Temperature (∘𝐂)Solubility (𝐠/100 𝐠 𝐇2𝐎)20.034.630.080.5Suppose a saturated solution of this solute was made using 78.0 g H