Running head: THESIS DRAFT
1
Thesis Draft
Linwood D. Mason III
LIB/332
Instructor Gregory Salyer
July 10, 2017
THESIS DRAFT
2
Causes of the World War I & and World War II
Although I claim there are numerous causes have been revealed for World War I and
World War II. The world has gone through serious bloodshed that resulted in a huge number of
people dead and displaced. Many developments have taken place after the wars, if we think of
war third time it will lead this world into dark days forever. The primary causes of the world
wars are imperialism, militarism, nationalism, and other crisis like Germany invaded Norway.
There is a need to study the causes so that it should not happen again. (“World War II History”,
n.d.)
Imperialism is a situation when a country tries to the new areas or lands. By 1900 the
Britishers had acquired more than five new regions as well as the control by France on vast
regions of the African continent. Due to the ascent of industrialism, various countries conquered
new marketplaces. The area "claimed" by France and Britain extended the contention through
Germany who tried to mess up everything to obtain states and also regions of Africa.
Militarism here is known as the military powers or the armed forces are given an
outstanding administration. Because of increasing gap between European nations had provoked a
race for weapons among the principle countries. The military forces of Germany and France had
radically enlarged the area within 1870 and 1914 and this resulted in furious jealousy among
Germany and Britain for the authority of the seas.
Nationalism implies to be a strong sponsor for the betterment and rights of a nation. The
Vienna’s Congress expected to deal with issues in Europe. Strong loyalist element provoked the
restoration of Italy (1861) and Germany (1871). The resolution for the end of the war resulted in
THESIS DRAFT
France very angry for the loss of Alsace-Lorraine to Germany and strengthens them to quickly
recuperate the regions lost. (“World War One”, n.d.)
Even after facing bloodshed for two times, still, nations are finding loopholes and
influencing other nations to fight for the blood. Along with the three causes discussed, there are
many other causes which need an awareness of people.
3
THESIS DRAFT
4
References
“World War One”, n.d., http://www.historyonthenet.com/world-war-one-causes-2/
“World War II History”, n.d., http://www.history.com/topics/world-war-ii/world-war-ii-history
Running head: JOURNAL
1
Journal
Linwood D. Mason III
LIB/332
Instructor Gregory Salyer
July 7, 2017
JOURNAL
2
Journal
Regnerus embraced a particular correlation between conventional families and families
with a parent required in a same-sex relationship, subsequently attracting expanded
thoughtfulness regarding his outcomes. His decision negated many analyses in the writing,
particularly those referred to by activists campaigning for the privilege of gay marriage and
adoption of a child by same-sex couples. Notwithstanding the methodological qualities and one
of a kind commitment of Regnerus' exertion, there were shortcomings that turned into the subject
of many critiques. Various outcomes have been shown that Regnerus research was worth.
Differing assumptions that lead Mark Regnerus and his critics to opposing conclusions
about the same data
There are numerous differing assumptions that resulted Mark Regnerus and his critics to
opposing conclusions about the same data. These are given as follows:
1. Utilization of Knowledge Networks information: Regnerus was censured, for instance,
for utilizing Knowledge Networks for acquiring his specimen. Knowledge Networks does
not seem to direct irregular national examples essentially, however, gives an enlisted
board of respondents thought to contrast positively with the attributes of a national
arbitrary United States of America test.
2. Utilization of mixed orientation households (MOMs): Much has been made of the
likelihood that Regnerus prevailing with regards to get-together information from
children from mixed orientation household’s unions (MOMs). In any case, numerous
different endeavors to think about GLB families have included such relational unions.
One investigation, for instance, highlighted 72% of children who had been naturally
JOURNAL
3
introduced to a past heterosexual marriage before joining a lesbian couple family at a
normal period of more than 4 years. In any case, the aftereffects of such investigations
are proclaimed as demonstrating to us how well lesbian families are getting along, despite
the fact that they include large portions of similar impediments versus MOMs as
Regnerus' NFSS analysis.
3. Subsidizing issues: as for financing, many distributed investigations have been supported
by master gay backing gatherings but then a couple of report questions about the impact
of such subsidizing on look into results; however, since the NFSS was subsidized by
traditionalist gatherings, such questions are conveyed to the bleeding edge. (Moncher,
2013)
Possibility of value-neutral research
Value-neutral research has its scholarly roots in the thoughts of enlightenment.
Edification masterminds suspected that the essential trait of individuals was their ability to
reason. On the off chance that individuals are permitted to create and practice this focal trait,
these masterminds contended, both people and society all in all will enhance since people will, at
last, have the capacity to make more prominent commitments to society. Manufactured breaking
points to singular freedom, forced by the state or other social organizations, would have the
impact of smothering the advance of individual development and denying society of thoughts
and imagination important for the advancement to happen.
The idea about the study of children from gay parents are worse than the children from
heterosexual parents are controversial yet they attract thoughtfulness regarding the likelihood
that endeavors to free the traditionalist viewpoint of individuals that may not exclusively be
JOURNAL
purposeless in light of the fact that the organic or logical learning is fundamentally perspectival,
they can likewise be epistemically exorbitant on the grounds that they keep researchers from
having the epistemic advantages certain outlooks can manage. (Sherman, n.d.)
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JOURNAL
5
References
Moncher, F. (2013). A Critique of the Critiques: Regnerus’ Parenting Study and What is Really
Best for Children. http://www.cultureoflife.org/2013/05/07/critique-critiques-regnerusparenting-study-and-what-really-best-children/
Sherman, D. (n.d.). http://libr.org/isc/value-neutrality-professional-ethics-and-the-disseminationof-information-by-david-sherman/
Running head: THE RESEARCH CRAFT
1
The Research Craft
Linwood D. Mason III
LIB/332
Instructor Gregory Salyer
June 26, 2017
THE RESEARCH CRAFT
2
The Research Craft
I am studying the causes of the World War I & and World War II because I want to find
out whether it was pre-meditated and planned or it happened spontaneously so that my reader can
better understand
who were the key participants, whether all nations participated and to what
extent. Similarly, my study seeks to find out whether the war impacted the entire world and at
the same time come up with measures to prevent any other global war from happening again in
the future.
The world experienced a bloodshed that left a large number of people dead, some
displaced with massive destruction of property. However, people never learned a lesson from
such deadly experience and even today, one century later, some countries nations still bay for
other nations’ blood. Since WWI and WWII, the world has seen major developments in
infrastructure and contemplating another war will be taking the whole world into the dark days
which will see a massive destruction of the contemporary beauty of the earth.
The world has various strategies from powerful world nations with all what are needed to
prevent any possible world war occurring again. If the key issues that led to the war are analyzed
and addressed in addition to carefully managing the production of dangerous weapons and
training of forces on the issues of the war, it would be possible to prevent such an occurrence as
experienced a decade ago.
History will be an appropriate reference discipline to be reviewed in this research. The
past historical warfare events shall be a vital element to determine significant issues that led the
world to the dark days of the war in the early 19th century. Measures and mechanisms will be
developed from the historical point of view.
THE RESEARCH CRAFT
3
References
Booth, W.C., Colomb, G.G., & Williams, J.M. (2008). The Craft of Research. (3rd Ed.) Chicago:
The University of Chicago Press.
Running head: 1ST WORLD WAR AND 2nd WORLD WAR II
1st World War and 2nd World War
Linwood D. Mason III
LIB/332
Instructor Gregory Salyer
July 7, 2017
1
1ST WORLD WAR AND 2nd WORLD WAR
2
Thesis Statement: Although I acknowledge that the causes of 1st World War and 2nd World War
were complex, I claim that their major causes were pre-mediated and planned because of the
various preparations the key participants had made before the Wars.
Introduction
The major causes of 1st World War and 2nd World War were pre-mediated and planned
since most of the causes could have been avoided. The key participants of both wars engaged in
activities which created an environment of war which made the two World Wars have a great
impact on both the warring participants. This paper will discuss the causes of 1st War and 2nd
World War to support that the pre-mediation and plans for the wars. This will include
mentioning the key participants and the extent to which they participated. The paper will also
support how the wars impacted the world and provide measures which would prevent the
occurrence of any other global war.
The Causes of 1st World War, Key Participants, and Impacts
1st World War transpired between the year 1914 and the year 1918 which left over 20
million people dead and massive destruction of property. I claim that the major causes of World
War I were planned among them being the formation of mutual defense alliances. Over time,
many nations throughout Europe formed various mutual defense agreements which prepared
them for war. These agreements implied that the attack on one country would make the allied
countries to defend them (Olusoga, 2015). The major alliances during the war include the Triple
Entente and Triple Alliance. I also claim that imperialism also contributed to the war whereby
the European countries increased their competition to occupy greater territories in Africa and
Asia leading to confrontations which led to World War I. I also claim that the major participants
1ST WORLD WAR AND 2nd WORLD WAR
3
of the war also prepared for the war by building their military powers where countries like
Germany, Russia, and Great Britain greatly invested in military expansion in preparation for the
war.
I acknowledge that the World War I did not involve all the nations in the world whereby
the major participants comprised of the two major alliances formed: Triple Entente and Triple
Alliance. The Triple Alliance comprised of Italy, Germany, and Austria-Hungary while Russia,
Britain, and France comprised the Triple Entente (Olusoga, 2015). Other nations which played
part in the war included the U. S., Japan, Portugal, Greece, China, Romania as well as South
American countries like Peru and Brazil. I acknowledge that the World War I had a great impact
which severely impacted the participating nations and to a great extent, the nations which the war
was fought on their soil. The war was responsible for the demise of more than 20 million soldiers
and millions of others would. I also claim that the War also impacted the whole world whereby it
helped to spread the influenza epidemic which also took millions of lives (Nye Jr, & Welch,
2016). The War also destroyed the global economy since huge resources were spent in the war.
The countries which were heavily impacted included Germany, Turkey, and Austria-Hungary
which were major fighting grounds during the war.
The Causes of 2nd World War, Key Participants, and Impacts
The 2nd World War commenced in 1939 after the invasion of Poland by Germany leading
to France and Britain announcing war against Germany. Although I acknowledge that Germany
triggered the war by invading Poland, I claim that the causes of the World War II were predetermined by a variety of factors. I claim that the major factor that pre-determined the World
War II was the Versailles Treaty. This is the treat which terminated the 1st World War but since
1ST WORLD WAR AND 2nd WORLD WAR
4
Germany was the loser during the war, the treaty forced Germany to bear the war damages
incurred by the allies (Olusoga, 2015). I thus acknowledge that the Treaty ruined the Germany
economy which made her bitter leading to rising of the Nazi Party and Adolf Hitler who aimed at
restoring the national pride of the Germans. I claim that Hitler’s activities were creating an
environment of the World War II whereby he violated the constraints on Germany imposed by
the Versailles Treaty. Germany started expanding its empire whereby it took over Austria and
Czechoslovakia which provoked the allies into the war. I also claim that the war was also predetermined by the formation of alliances in preparation for another war whereby the two
alliances were formed which were The Axis and The Allies. I also claim that the rise of fascism
was also a preparation for WWII whereby dictators rose to power in various countries like Italy
and Spain and started expanding their empires which created a war environment.
The key participants in the World War II were the Axis and the Allies nations. The key
participants in the Axis comprised of Germany, Italy, and Japan while other nations which
supported them to a great extent included Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria, Finland, and Thailand.
The majority of the nations supported the Allies whose key participants included France, Great
Britain, the U.S., Greece, Russia, and Turkey (Olusoga, 2015). They were also supported by
various countries among including China, Brazil, Australia, Belgium, Poland, Netherlands
among others. I acknowledge that the war impacted greatly the key participants whereby more
than 50 million people were killed including the civilians. The war also led to massive
destruction of property which destroyed the economy of many countries participating in the war.
I thus claim that the war heavily impacted the nations which were used as the fighting ground
during the war especially Germany.
1ST WORLD WAR AND 2nd WORLD WAR
5
Measures That Would Prevent Any Other World War from Happening
Although I acknowledge the fragility of the United Nations’ system in preventing the
occurrence of another global war, I claim that this can be prevented by taking a variety of
international security measures. I acknowledge that violent conflicts have been increasing
because of the increased availability of firearms and the machinery of war. I thus acknowledge
that the risks of another global war are enormous because of the military potential that many
nations have developed. I thus claim that preventing the occurrence of another global require
supporting the reduction in armed conflicts by increasing the support to the UN-sponsored
processes of maintaining global peace. This is because the UN peace processes and negotiations
minimize violent conflict even if they may not prevent the conflict (Nye Jr, & Welch, 2016). I
also claim that strengthening the international laws of armed conflict and human rights as well as
the international criminal court of justice, military, and economic sanctions, and the war crime
tribunals would be essential in preventing the occurrence of another global war.
Conclusion
The causes of both the 1st World War and the 2nd World War were pre-mediated and thus
they could have been avoided saving the millions of the lives lost. Most of the causes of 1st
World War and 2nd World War were planned through the various preparations made by strong
powers in the anticipation of a war. Both the two global wars affected to a great extent the key
participants. Although the war had an impact on the economy of the entire world, the key
participants were affected greatly especially through the millions of lives lost. It is thus essential
to strengthen the international security measures that would prevent any other global war from
happening.
1ST WORLD WAR AND 2nd WORLD WAR
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Reference
Nye Jr, J. S., & Welch, D. A. (2016). Understanding global conflict and cooperation: an
introduction to theory and history. Pearson.
Olusoga, D. (2015). The world's war: Forgotten soldiers of the empire.
Running head: ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY
Annotated Bibliography
Linwood D. Mason III
LIB/332
Instructor Gregory Salyer
July 2, 2017
1
ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY
2
Annotated Bibliography
C N Trueman "Causes of World War One" www.historylearningsite.co.uk.
The causes for World War One are convoluted and not at all like the reasons for World
War Two, where the liable party was plain to all, there is no such lucidity. Germany has
been faulted in light of the fact that she attacked Belgium in August 1914 when Britain
had guaranteed to ensure Belgium. In any case, the road festivities that went with the
British and French announcement of war gives history specialists the feeling that the
move was well known and government officials have a tendency to run with the
prominent state of mind. Italy had joined these nations as she dreaded their energy on her
northern outskirt. Germany was terrain Europe's most capable nation – so from Italy's
perspective, being a partner of Germany was a conspicuous move.
“Causes of World War I”, n.d.,
http://research.omicsgroup.org/index.php/Causes_of_World_War_I
The fundamental reasons for World War I, which started in The Balkans in late July
1914, are a few. Among these causes were political, regional, and financial clashes
among the considerable European powers in the four decades paving the way to the war.
Extra causes were militarism, a perplexing web of organizations together, government,
and patriotism. The quick roots of the war, nonetheless, lay in the choices taken by
statesmen and commanders amid the July Crisis of 1914 caused by the death of Archduke
Franz Ferdinand and his significant other Sophie by Gavrilo Princip, a tribal Serb and
Yugoslav nationalist from the crowd Young Bosnia, which was upheld by the Black
Hand, a patriot association in Serbia.
ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY
3
“World War I Origins”, 2015, http://www.oxfordbibliographies.com/view/document/obo9780199791279/obo-9780199791279-0006.xml
The roots of World War I are best abridged in two settings. The principal pushes long
haul issues, for example, patriotism, realism, and militarism. It investigates a conciliatory
framework that lapsed into match collisions that gambled transforming any contention
into a doomsday machine. This basic approach consolidates the local strains produced by
industrialism, a move that prompted the rise of a high society of old nobles and new
bourgeoisie willing to hazard war to keep up their position. The second setting of the
war's starting points underlines volitional components. The conditions of Great Powers,
Europe, and lesser ones, connected by choices that were made by moderately little
gatherings of legislators, authorities, and warriors so that generally little occasions, for
example, the death of Habsburg Archduke Franz Ferdinand, could set off a chain
response of occasions prompting a war nobody needed. Taken together, these settings
illuminate the greater part of the writing on the starting points of World War I yet this
shouldn't imply that a lot of verbal confrontation still goes ahead finished the occasions
that accelerated the principal shot.
“10 Events that Led to World War I”, n.d., http://historylists.org/events/10-events-that-led-toworld-war-i.html
World War one was caused by a blend of a few components yet most importantly, it was
caused by the pressures of the European forces and emergency of the adjust of-energy
framework that isolated Europe into two camps. The war amongst Prussia (the future
German Empire) and France that kept going from 1870 - 1871 finished with an
ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY
4
embarrassing thrashing for France. In 1888, with the promotion of Wilhelm II to the
German throne, the German outside arrangement turned out to be more hostile. The new
German Emperor rejected the dexterous Otto von Bismarck as a Chancellor. He
additionally declined to reestablish the Reinsurance Treaty with Russia that reserved up
the delicate peace amongst Austria-Hungary and Russia, and also set aside France
segregated. Russo-Japanese competition over Korea and Manchuria achieved its stature
with the Russo-Japanese War (1904-1905).
“The Origins of WWI”, n.d., http://www.historyonthenet.com/authentichistory/1914-1920/1overview/1-origins/
One of the primary drivers of the First World War was colonialism: an unequal
relationship, frequently as a domain, constrained on different nations and people groups,
bringing about control and subordination of financial aspects, culture, and region. History
specialists differ on whether the essential impulse for colonialism was social or monetary,
however, whatsoever the cause, Europeans in the late nineteenth century progressively
protected their entrance to business sectors, crude materials, and profits for their
speculations by seizing through and through military and political control of the
immature world. Between the 1850s and 1911, all of Africa was colonized aside from
Liberia and Ethiopia. The British, who had forced direct, manage on India in 1858,
possessed Egypt in 1882, most likely a key need to secure their Indian advantages. The
French, who had started preacher effort in Indochina in the seventeenth century,
completed their successes of the area in 1887, and in 1893 they added to it neighboring
Laos and a little bit of China.
ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY
5
“Causes of World War II”, n.d.,
http://dailyhistory.org/Causes_of_World_War_II_Top_Ten_Booklist
Historians trusted that government officials, for example, Hitler and Mussolini were just
reacting to occasions and were go-getters who abused the circumstance in 1930s Europe
for their own national self-interests. At first, British and French feeling acknowledged
this, however as Hitler turned out to be more aggressive, it was not any more workable
for the western vote based systems to ensure German expansionism. Popular supposition
in Britain changed and needed a more proactive reaction to Hitler. This prompted an
adjustment in British outside approach, which turned out to be progressively unfriendly
to Germany. It straightforwardly prompted the British government issuing a final
proposal to Germany over Poland and this brought about the affirmation of war in
September 1939.
“World War Two – Causes”, 2014, http://www.historyonthenet.com/world-war-two-causes/
World War Two started in September 1939 when France and Britain proclaimed war on
Germany following Germany's attack on Poland. Hitler made two critical organizations
together amid 1936. The first was known as the Rome-Berlin Axis Pact and unified
Hitler's Germany with Mussolini's Italy. The second was known as the Anti-Comintern
Pact and associated Germany with Japan. In 1936, Hitler contended that since France had
marked another settlement with Russia, Germany was under risk from both nations and it
was fundamental to German security that troops were stationed in the Rhineland. At the
point when Hitler attacked whatever is left of Czechoslovakia in March 1939, he broke
the terms of the Munich Agreement. Despite the fact that it was understood that the
ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY
6
arrangement of conciliation had fizzled, Chamberlain was as yet not set up to take the
nation to war more than “. a squabble in a distant nation between individuals of whom we
don't know anything." Instead, he made an assurance to go to Poland's guide if Hitler
attacked Poland.
Finney, Patrick. Remembering The Road to World War Two: International History, National
Identity, Collective Memory. Routledge, 2010. eBook Collection (EBSCOhost).
Author tells the peruser that the memory of the World War II is currently subsiding into
the terrible openings of the history, were it not for the way that he makes it easy later on
in the book. In this manner, for example, Hitler by and large in charge of the war and the
survey of Nazism as a distortion in German record empowered the German individuals
rapidly to "overlook" the war, and the barbarities that went with it, along these lines
encouraging the establishment and working of a popularity based Federal German
Republic. (Neo-Marxist commentators of the FGR, then again, searched for progressions
among the Third Reich and the Republic.)
"National WWII Memorial." National WWII Memorial., n.d. http://www.wwiimemorial.com
The Second World War Memorial respects the 16 million who provided in the military of
the U.S. 400,000 who passed on, and all who bolstered the war exertion from home.
Typical of the characterizing occasion of the twentieth Century, the commemoration is a
landmark to the soul, give up, and responsibility of the American individuals. The World
War II is the main Twentieth Century occasion celebrated on the National Malls focal
hub. The remembrance provided to the general population on April 29, 2004, and was
committed a month afterward on May 29. It is situated on Seventeenth Street, amongst
ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY
Constitution and Independence Avenues, and is lined by Washington Monument in the
east and the Lincoln Memorial in the west.
Black, Helen K., and William H. Thompson. "A War Within a War: A World War II Buffalo
Soldier's Story." Journal of Men's Studies 20.1 (2012): 32-46.
Most details of World War II that tended to the administration of Black Warriors were
composed by White officers, and frequently barred, constrained, or distorted AfricanAmerican troopers' commitments. Dark veterans' affiliations kept on arguing for meet
dealing of Black fighters in the current and the history, taking note of that: "In official
records of Second World War, American commanders endeavored to acquit themselves
of any affirmation of prejudice, crediting the poor execution of the (all Black) 92nd
Infantry Division to the aggregate inadequacy of its dark workforce. The wild ox had
been chosen as the emblem of the 92nd division in 1918 on account of their unique
moniker, "The Buffalo Soldiers"
7
ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY
8
References
Black, Helen K., and William H. Thompson. "A War Within a War: A World War II Buffalo
Soldier's Story." Journal of Men's Studies 20.1 (2012): 32-46.
C N Trueman "Causes of World War One", n.d., www.historylearningsite.co.uk.
“Causes of World War I”, n.d.,
http://research.omicsgroup.org/index.php/Causes_of_World_War_I
“Causes of World War II”, n.d.,
http://dailyhistory.org/Causes_of_World_War_II_Top_Ten_Booklist
Finney, Patrick. Remembering The Road to World War Two: International History, National
Identity, Collective Memory. Routledge, 2010. eBook Collection (EBSCOhost)
"National WWII Memorial." National WWII Memorial., n.d. http://www.wwiimemorial.com
“The Origins of WWI”, n.d., http://www.historyonthenet.com/authentichistory/1914-1920/1overview/1-origins/
“World War I Origins”, 2015, http://www.oxfordbibliographies.com/view/document/obo9780199791279/obo-9780199791279-0006.xml
“World War Two – Causes”, 2014, http://www.historyonthenet.com/world-war-two-causes/
“10 Events that Led to World War I”, n.d., http://historylists.org/events/10-events-that-led-toworld-war-i.html
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