Osmosis involves the uniform movement of solvent molecules from an area that is highly concentrated with solvent molecules to a region where the solvent molecule concentration is low. This process happens through a semi-permeable membrane. From the practical results obtained in the hypotonic solution, the mass of the potato slice increased. This implies that there was significant movement of molecules from a region of less concentration to a highly concentrated area of the concentration gradient. The potato slice is highly concentrated of starch. Thus, molecules of the lowly concentrated solution move across the semi-permeable membrane of the potato slice. Thus, the potato slice becomes turgid and tough. Movement by diffusion thru agar at different temps and concentrations. In the experiment, we removed a small circular section of the Aga and we have dropped some of at chemical dyes at various dilutions into the openings. After, 45 minutes we measured the movement of the dyes with a metric ruler. We did 6 plates, 3 plates for the concentrated and 3plates for dilute dyes. From each group, we put one at room temp, one at 37 degrees The incubator, and one in the refrigerator. It seems like all the holes bigger. In the hypertonic solution, potato slice weighed lighter than the initial weight. Since it was placed in a solution with more solute concentration, water molecules from the highly concentrated region of the potato slice move to the area of low concentration. It is called hypertonic solution across the semi-permeable membrane. This makes the potato slice lose much of its water and thus, shrink and become flaccid. For an isotonic solution, the fluid is prepared in a way that there is a balance between the solute used and the solvent used. Therefore, it results in a setup with same osmotic pressure. When the potato slice placed in this solution was weighed again, its weight remained the same as initial. No molecule movement was encountered. In this experiment, we used the potato slices as osmometers. We have weighed the potato slices and then we have placed them in an empty sterile Petri and covered them with various dilution of saline such as DW, 0.5%, 2.5%,0.9% and 5.0%. After 45 minutes, we weighed them again. Then we classified them as hypertonic, isotonic or hypotonic based on the final weight change. The isotonic saline solution was 0.9%. Diffusion involves the rapid net movement of particles from a region where they are highly concentrated to an area that is less concentrated against the concentration gradient. From the results, the plates with highly concentrated dyes moved the longest distance as compared to the dilute colors. This is a result of the difference in the number of molecules in the different concentrations. The highly concentrated dyes move faster so as to cover a wide region. The diffusion process is affected by temperature. The practical done at room temperature and 37 degrees Celsius, depicted the even distribution of the dyes. The growth in temperature increases the collision effect between the dyes, thus, increasing the speed at which they spread. For the sample placed in the refrigerator, diffusion took place not evenly. Low temperatures inhibit the motion of the dye particles. Thus, the length that the particles covered is diminished. When reweighing the dialysis tubing, its weight was higher than initial. This shows how the tubing is used to demonstrate the standard cell. It describes the selective permeability nature of the cells. This practical shows how the membrane defines the substances that can move in and out of the cell, through osmosis or diffusion processes. The dialysis tubing is a technique that is used to separate molecules through selective permeability. The change of color determines the rate of flow of starch, iodine, sucrose, and water through the porous membrane of the dialysis tubing during the practical. The color of the solution in tubing changed from light amber to blue-black. This is a clear indication that iodine solution moved from the settlement in the beaker, passed through the dialysis membrane thus, resulting in color change. The solution in the beaker changed its color to yellow-amber. This is an indication that there was no movement of starch from the tubing into the beaker. Thus, starch and iodine readily pass through the dialysis tubing. The purpose of the experiment was to test the permeability of dialysis tubing to sucrose, starch and iodine. In the experiment, we filled the tube bag with sucrose mixed with starch solution, and the we secure the bag with clamps, then we filed a beaker with sucrose solution with enough iodine added to turn the solution a tea color, amber light. Then we weigh the filled dialysis tubing and add to beaker for 45 minutes.
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