Description
in 10- 15 slides, match chemotherapeutic drugs with various cancers they target
Explanation & Answer
All the best.It has been a pleasure working with you.
CANCER CHEMOTHERAPY
HOW COMMON IS CANCER IN KENYA?
Introduction
Data from the US estimates a life-time probability of
25%.
Overall 5-year survival is 68%.
Define chemotherapy /“chemo.” / antineoplastic or
cytotoxic drugs.
Multidisciplinary approaches can cure upto 50% of
all cancers but chemotherapy alone can cure only
about 10–15% of all cancer patients.
What is the smallest size of a tumor that is
symptomatic?
Curative and Paliative
Curative treatment reduces tumor mass below
1gram/ 1 bilion cells.
Steep dose-response curves for both therapeutic and
toxic effects
First-order kinetics which is explained by the log-kill
hypothesis…basis of continued therapy.
Dosage is based on body surface area
Combination drug therapy
Challenges of chemotherapy include resistance,
adverse events. Toxicity and mutagenesis
COMBINATION
Full doses or reduced doses
Advantages include efficacy, low toxicity, broad
spectrum, prevent/delay resistance
Forms protocols with acronyms
Definitions
PHASES OF CHEMOTHERAPY
-Induction
-Consolidation
-CNS treatment/prophylaxis..Sanctuaries
-Maintenance
Definitions ctd
Neoadjuvant chemotherapy
refers to the use of chemotherapy before surgery.
Aim is down-staging
Adjuvant chemotherapy.
Use of chemotherapy after surgical excision
Reduce the incidence of both local and systemic
recurrence and to improve the overall survival of
patients.
Indications.. breast cancer, colon cancer, gastric
cancer, non-small cell lung cancer, Wilms' tumor,
anaplastic astrocytoma, and osteogenic sarcoma.
CLASSIFICATION OF ANTI-CANCER DRUGS
1. Classification Based on cell-cycle
Cell cycle–specific (CCS)
drugs
Cell cycle–nonspecific
(CCNS) drugs can sterilize
tumor cells whether they
are cycling or resting in the
G0 compartment. CCNS
drugs can kill both G0 and
cycling cells (although
cycling cells are more
sensitive).
CELL CY CLE SPECIFIC DRUGS
S phase–dependent
M-Phase dependent
Antimetabolites
Vinca alkaloids
Vinblastine
Capecitabine,
Hydroxyurea
Doxorubicin
Etoposide
Podophyllatoxins
Paclitaxel
Gemcitabine
Irinotecan
Taxanes
Thioguanine
Mercaptopurine
Cycle specific drugs continued
G1 –Phase dependent
G2-Phase dependent
Asparaginase
Bleomycin
Corticosteroids
Procarbazine
Mitoxantrone
Topotecan
Note; Reduction of tumor burden through surgery,
or radiation or cell-cycle non-specific drugs can
promote non-proliferating cells into active
proliferation and make them sensitive to cell-cycle
specific drugs.
Clssification based on structure
and MOA
1. Alkylating a...