match chemotherapeutic drugs with various cancers they target, assignment help

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in 10- 15 slides, match chemotherapeutic drugs with various cancers they target

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CANCER CHEMOTHERAPY

HOW COMMON IS CANCER IN KENYA?

Introduction
 Data from the US estimates a life-time probability of

25%.
 Overall 5-year survival is 68%.
 Define chemotherapy /“chemo.” / antineoplastic or
cytotoxic drugs.
 Multidisciplinary approaches can cure upto 50% of
all cancers but chemotherapy alone can cure only
about 10–15% of all cancer patients.

 What is the smallest size of a tumor that is

symptomatic?

Curative and Paliative
 Curative treatment reduces tumor mass below

1gram/ 1 bilion cells.
 Steep dose-response curves for both therapeutic and
toxic effects
 First-order kinetics which is explained by the log-kill
hypothesis…basis of continued therapy.
 Dosage is based on body surface area

Combination drug therapy
 Challenges of chemotherapy include resistance,

adverse events. Toxicity and mutagenesis
COMBINATION
 Full doses or reduced doses
 Advantages include efficacy, low toxicity, broad
spectrum, prevent/delay resistance
 Forms protocols with acronyms

Definitions
PHASES OF CHEMOTHERAPY
-Induction
-Consolidation
-CNS treatment/prophylaxis..Sanctuaries
-Maintenance

Definitions ctd
 Neoadjuvant chemotherapy

refers to the use of chemotherapy before surgery.
Aim is down-staging

 Adjuvant chemotherapy.

Use of chemotherapy after surgical excision
Reduce the incidence of both local and systemic
recurrence and to improve the overall survival of
patients.
Indications.. breast cancer, colon cancer, gastric
cancer, non-small cell lung cancer, Wilms' tumor,
anaplastic astrocytoma, and osteogenic sarcoma.



CLASSIFICATION OF ANTI-CANCER DRUGS

1. Classification Based on cell-cycle

 Cell cycle–specific (CCS)

drugs
 Cell cycle–nonspecific
(CCNS) drugs can sterilize
tumor cells whether they
are cycling or resting in the
G0 compartment. CCNS
drugs can kill both G0 and
cycling cells (although
cycling cells are more
sensitive).

CELL CY CLE SPECIFIC DRUGS
S phase–dependent

M-Phase dependent

 Antimetabolites

 Vinca alkaloids

 Vinblastine

 Capecitabine,

 Hydroxyurea

 Doxorubicin

 Etoposide

 Podophyllatoxins

 Paclitaxel

 Gemcitabine

 Irinotecan

 Taxanes

 Thioguanine

 Mercaptopurine

Cycle specific drugs continued
G1 –Phase dependent

G2-Phase dependent

 Asparaginase

 Bleomycin

 Corticosteroids

 Procarbazine
 Mitoxantrone
 Topotecan

 Note; Reduction of tumor burden through surgery,

or radiation or cell-cycle non-specific drugs can
promote non-proliferating cells into active
proliferation and make them sensitive to cell-cycle
specific drugs.

Clssification based on structure
and MOA

1. Alkylating a...


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