Learning From Others: Collaboration and Communication in eLearningOne of the challenges of eLearning is helping learners build rewarding learning experiences when they are at a distance from other students and Faculty, reducing the feelings of isolation and creating a collaborative environment with a sense of community. In a society that highly values and rewards individual accomplishment, the value of collaborative work may sometimes be viewed with skepticism. Collaboration and communication do not naturally occur online or in face-to-face learning environments. In eLearning, it is especially important that instructors and designers help to build that community.Online courses may be more conducive to collaboration and knowledge generation than face-to-face courses because of the web tools available to learners who must interact at a distance. Goodyear, Jones, and Thompson (2014) present a variety of synchronous and asynchronous tools for Computer Supported Collaborative Learning (CSCL). For this Discussion, your goal is to determine the best method for collaborative learning by analyzing these new, innovative CSCL tools.To prepare:View the interactive media piece in this module’s Learning Resources with a focus on the “Strategies” section. Read “Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning: Instructional Approaches, Group Processes and Educational Designs” with a focus on the four CSCL models for promoting a collaborative environment. They are:Face-to-Face, Synchronous CSCLSynchronous Online CSCLBlending Face-to-Face and Online CollaborationCSCL with Web 2.0 TechnologiesRead “The Interpersonal Interaction in Computer Supported Collaborative Learning Environment,” and reflect on the authors’ definition of CSCL, as a democratic mode of participation where everyone’s voice can be heard and is given equal standing.Post the following by Day 7 of Week 5:Choose one of the four CSCL models to champion. Include what makes this the best model for collaborating with technology and the benefits it has over other models. Explain how you would integrate this model into an eLearning environment where everyone’s voice can be heard and be given equal standing. Defend your choice from personal experience, a learning theory, and at least one research study (PhD and EdS students) or dissertation (PhD students only).

QUESTION 1 _______________ is information acquired from other members of one’s species through social learning, affecting an individual’s behavior.collectivismculturesocial loafingindividualism 4 points    QUESTION 2 What does the WEIRD acronym stand forpeople from Western, Educated, Industrialized, Revolting, and Democratic societiespeople from Western, Educated, Industrialized, Rich, and Demanding societiespeople from Western, Educated, Industrialized, Rich, and Democratic societiespeople from Western, Educated, Idealized, Rich, and Democratic societies 4 points    QUESTION 3 __________ emphasizes equality and benevolence, in contrast, __________ emphasizes freedom but not equality.horizontal culture, vertical culturetraditional culture, non-traditional culturenon-traditional culture, traditional culturevertical culture, horizontal culture 4 points    QUESTION 4 Which of the following is NOT viewed as a reason for why many cultures are becoming more individualistic compared with past generations?people live more suburban lifestyles today.people have fewer siblings today.people rely on electronic entertainment more today.today's generation has not lived through a big threat like World War II where people felt that they shared a common fate with their neighbors. 4 points    QUESTION 5 Adolescent rebellionis more pronounced in societies with more role distinctions and opportunities. is universal, although adolescent violence is not.is especially pronounced in collectivistic societies. is something that is observed in the vast majority of the world's cultures.  4 points    QUESTION 6 Which statement about personality structure across cultures is most accurate?The only trait that emerges reliably across all cultures is neuroticism.The “Big 5” factors of personality are found in most cultures.The “Big 5” only emerges reliably in cultures characterized by independent views of self.Neuroticism is the only trait of the “Big 5” that does not emerge reliably across cultures. 4 points    QUESTION 7 What is considered moral by those at Kohlberg’s Preconventional Level of moral development isthat which is most likely to lead to rewards and is least likely to lead to punishment.that which is associated with the strongest emotions.that which follows the most logically.that which is consistent with the rules. 4 points    QUESTION 8 People are better at identifying emotional expressions ifthe target is expressing a negative emotion.they are experiencing the same emotion while making the judgment.they are able to ignore the contextual cues.they are of the same culture as the person expressing the emotion. 4 points    QUESTION 9 What is considered immoral by the standards of the ethic of community?that which betrays his or her group.that which interferes with the rights of another person.that which is perceived to be unnatural.that which causes harm to another person. 4 points    QUESTION 10 Which of the following does NOT appear to be a universal basis of physical attraction?blemish-free skin.average-sized bodies.symmetrical faces.faces without abnormally sized features. 4 points    QUESTION 11 Higher suicide rates among Canadian First Nation youthsappear to be largely the result of copy-cat suicides.are due to different cultural meanings of suicide.have been steadily dropping over time.are associated with their communities having few connections to their traditional past. 4 points    QUESTION 12 The tendency to exert less effort on a task when working with other people is calledsocial loafingblendingcultural distanceframe-switching 4 points    QUESTION 13 The ability to move between multiple self-concepts depending on context is referred to asframe-switchingcultural distanceblendingsocial loafing 4 points    QUESTION 14 Comparisons of eye gaze between East Asians and Westerners reveal thatWesterners spend longer time gazing at focal objects than do East Asians.their gazes tend to initially start out different, but become more similar over time attending to an object.although people describe scenes differently, they are actually looking at objects quite similarly.Westerners shift their attention around more than East Asians. 4 points    QUESTION 15 According to the definition offered in the textbook, which of the following would NOT be a good example of “culture.”IPods.A child is given a new puzzle that she has never seen before, and she discovers a novel solution by herself.A child learning how to tie her shoes from her mother.A wild chimpanzee mother teaches young chimpanzees to use tools. 4 points    QUESTION 16 When it comes to analytic reasoning tasksEast Asians are usually unable to solve them.East Asians choose rule-based responses if there is a conflict between rule- and similarity-based judgments.East Asians choose similarity-based responses if there is a conflict between rule- and similarity-based judgments.on average, East Asians have much difficulty with them relative to Westerners. 4 points    QUESTION 17 Self-esteem is related to acculturation in thatpeople’s self-esteem comes to approximate the self-esteem norms in the host culture as they acculturate.the more acculturated an individual is, the higher is their self-esteem.greater self-esteem hinders one’s ability to acculturate to the host culture.separation attitudes are associated with the highest self-esteem. 4 points    QUESTION 18 A key difference between “cultural” psychologists and “general” psychologists is thatcultural psychologists study people from different cultures while general psychologists study people from one culture.cultural psychologists believe that the mind is interdependent with context and content whereas general psychologists believe that the mind is independent from context and content.general psychologists believe that people are born with essentially the same brains everywhere, whereas cultural psychologists believe that people are born with different kinds of brains in different cultures.general psychologists study people who have had their culture statistically controlled for. 4 points    QUESTION 19 __________ is based on new principles, ideas, and practices, while __________ is rooted in rules, symbols, and principles established in the pastnon-traditional culture, traditional culturevertical culture, horizontal culturehorizontal culture, vertical culturetraditional culture, non-traditional culture 4 points    QUESTION 20 Which of the following behaviors is evidence for a secure attachment style?the child avoids her mother when she is around.the child gets upset when the mother leaves, and is happy to see her upon her return.the child oscillates between wanting to be near or wanting to be apart from her mother.the child is not distressed when her mother is absent. 4 points    QUESTION 21 Which of the following is NOT one of the Big 5 personality traits?Openness to experienceExtraversionAutonomyNeuroticism 4 points    QUESTION 22 Research on facial expressions across cultures finds that the expressions made among Americans for the “basic” emotionsare recognized much above chance in all cultures studied.are recognized by those from cultures with much contact with Americans, but are not recognized by those from cultures with little contact with Americans.are largely unrecognizable by those from other cultures.are recognized in other cultures for happiness and sadness, but not for anger and disgust. 4 points    QUESTION 23 Research on religion, relational styles, and work foundProtestants work harder than non-Protestants, but only when they are reminded of their religion.Protestants work as hard as non-Protestants, however, they do so without attending to their relationships, regardless of condition.Protestants attend less to relationships than non-Protestants when engaged in a work task.Protestants work harder, regardless of condition, than non-Protestants. 4 points    QUESTION 24 During a professional ice hockey game, fans from around the world saw Tony Bertram, a professional hockey player, punch an unsuspecting player in the face and throw him onto the ice. Based on what you know about analytic and holistic thinking styles, which of the following do you think is most likely to happen?East Asians and Westerners will equally blame Tony’s nasty personality.East Asians will blame Tony’s nasty personality, and Westerners will blame Tony’s family problems.East Asians and Westerners will equally blame Tony’s family problems.East Asians will blame Tony’s family problems, and Westerners will blame Tony’s nasty personality. 4 points    QUESTION 25 Which of the following is NOT one of the four basic elements of sociality distinguished by A. P. Fiske?Communal sharingSocial loafingAuthority rankingMarket pricing 4 points    QUESTION 26 Biculturalism is more commonin societies largely formed by immigrationin ethnically diverse neighborhoodsamong immigrants with longer residence in society of settlementall of the above 4 points    QUESTION 27 When people from non-Western cultures complete the Twenty Statements Test, in contrast to people from Western cultures, they tend tolist more roles and relationships.list more psychological attributes.list more positive attributes.list more situation-invariant attributes. 4 points    QUESTION 28 Romantic love isa product of individualism, and a concern with meeting an individual’s unique needs.something that grows with age until the birth of children.a recent phenomenon in some human cultures.something that appears to exist in all cultures. 4 points    QUESTION 29 Which statement about social anxiety and culture is NOT true?East Asians report less symptoms than WesternersSocial anxiety is a disorder that is found universally across culturesInterdependence strongly correlates with self-reports of social anxietyEast Asians report more symptoms than Westerners 4 points    QUESTION 30 A key difference between evoked culture and transmitted culture is thatevoked culture spreads much quicker than does transmitted culture.evoked culture is more likely found in nonliterate societies, whereas transmitted culture is more common in literate societies.evoked culture is limited to a specific geographical setting, whereas transmitted culture can move across different ecologies.the majority of cultural differences are evoked than are transmitted. 4 points    QUESTION 31 Ken has an interdependent self-concept, and wants to get married. Compared to someone with an independent self-concept, he is more likely to prefer:that an internet service chooses his partner.that his classmates choose for him.that his family members choose for him.to choose his marriage partner himself. 4 points    QUESTION 32 Which of the following is not one of the “basic emotions.”fearsurprisedisgustpride 4 points    QUESTION 33 North American culture perceive unsolicited advice __________, while Russian culture view solicited and unsolicited advice ________________.negatively, as a desire to support a relationshipas a desire to support a relationship, negativelyas a desire to support a relationship, uncaringlynegatively, uncaringly 4 points    QUESTION 34 The individual maintains his or her own cultural identity and rejects involvement with the host culture is descriptive of which acculturation strategy?SeparationMarginalizationIntegrationAssimilation 4 points    QUESTION 35 Why isn’t there much cumulative culture among chimpanzees?Chimpanzees aren’t very good at imitative learning.Chimpanzees don’t have skilled problem-solving skills.Chimpanzees are not a social species.Chimpanzees aren’t able to write their ideas down for future generations to read. 4 points    QUESTION 36 You are introduced to a person who is said to have an independent view of self. Based on Markus and Kitayama’s model, which of the following would you least expect the person to say?“I am a responsible person.”“I’m a member of a ballet dance group.”“I am my own person and am not defined by others.”“I love playing hockey.” 4 points    QUESTION 37 Complex behavior based on concern for oneself and one's immediate family or primary group as opposed to concern for other groups to which one belongs is defined as:culture concernindividualismcultural relativismethnocentrism 4 points    QUESTION 38 Which of the following would be an example of secondary control?You convince yourself that taking the bus to work isn’t so bad after all.You work hard at your studies in the beginning of the term so that you don’t have such a busy time at the end of the term.You start showing up at work before your boss does in an effort to get a raise.You return the sweater that you just bought to the store because you decide it doesn’t look very good on you. 4 points    QUESTION 39 Analytic thinking styles areespecially common in East Asian cultures.common in many cultures outside of the West.more common among the elderly.largely utilized in Western cultures. 4 points    QUESTION 40 People’s self-concept that reflect a hybrid of their two cultural worlds is calledcultural distancesocial loafingframe-switchingblending 4 points    QUESTION 41 A group of East Asians and Americans have won a contest, and each person is allowed to pick a car from a selection of cars. All cars are of the same make, model, and year. The only thing that differs between them is that they can be one of two colors. Furthermore, there is an extremely unequal proportion between the two colors, making the minority-color very unique. Given this scenario, which of the following statements is TRUE?Americans will choose cars with the brightest colors.East Asians will choose their cars randomly.East Asians will choose unique-colored cars.Americans will choose minority-colored cars. 4 points    QUESTION 42 The kinds of ideas that are best remembered over time are those thatare mostly intuitive, with the occasional counter-intuitive idea included.are counter-intuitive.are intuitive.are mostly counter-intuitive, with the occasional intuitive idea included. 4 points    QUESTION 43 East Asians report experiencing emotions ___________ intensely and for shorter periods of time than do Westerners.equallessmoreno difference 4 points    QUESTION 44 Which of the following statement s about self-esteem is most accurate?there is very little variation in self-esteem across cultures.interdependence is positively related to self-esteem.self-esteem is higher among children than adults in Eastern cultures, however, self-esteem is higher among adults than children in Western cultures.independence is positively related to self-esteem. 4 points    QUESTION 45 Which of the following statements is NOT true?Primates have larger brains as a function of their body weight than do most other mammals.Human brains require more caloric energy than do the brains of most other species.Primate species with large social networks have larger neocortex ratios than do those with smaller social networks.Primate species that rely heavily on fruit in their diets have larger neocortex ratios than do those species that do not rely much on fruit. 4 points    QUESTION 46 In contrast to depressed people in North America, Chinese who are diagnosed with depression areless likely to report depressed mood.less likely to report sleep complaints.more likely to become suicidal.more likely to take anti-depressants. 4 points    QUESTION 47 Your friend Pedram is planning to immigrate somewhere and wants to go to a place where he’ll have the best chance of adjusting to the new culture. Which of the following should you recommend as being the best place for him?a society in which he will be a visible minoritya society that is homogenous, where everyone has a well-defined rolea society that encourages people to code-switcha society that espouses values that match Pedram’s personality 4 points    QUESTION 48 __________ is descriptive of having freedom to decide ones social relationships, while __________ is descriptive of having less freedom to decide ones social relationshipssocial loafing, social engagementhigh relational mobility, low relational mobilitylow relational mobility, high relational mobilitysocial engagement, social loafing 4 points    QUESTION 49 The fact that some Muslim protestors were upset at the publication of cartoons about Muhammad best reflectsthe ethic of community.preconventional reasoning.conventional reasoning.the ethic of divinity. 4 points    QUESTION 50  Compared with occasions when people are not in front of a mirror, what happens when they evaluate themselves in front of a mirror?Americans view themselves more positively, and Japanese view themselves more negatively.Americans view themselves more negatively, and Japanese view themselves more positively.people from all cultures become more self-critical in front of a mirror.Americans view themselves more negatively, and Japanese do not change.