LIB495 Peer Review Worksheet
1. Is the paper’s thesis clearly stated? Try to state what you think the thesis is, so the author can
see if you understood the paper properly.
The author is seeking to find out why the early childhood education profession seems to
be dominated by females and why there are not more men. While this topic might be
interesting, I am not sure that this is a burning question that needs to be answered.
2. Does the thesis seem original and significant? How might the author better communicate the
importance of the research project?
The choice of topic is very original, but I’m not sure if it is significant. Perhaps it is
personally significant, but I don’t know how the information contained within this paper
will be used in the future. Is the research just to understand why ECE is dominated by
females, or is it to start a movement of reform to encourage more male teachers?
3. As far as you can tell, does the bibliography include a sufficient number and variety of sources?
Do the references seem like the right kind of sources for the paper’s project? Do the sources
seem reliable? What other types of sources might the author consult?
The bibliography is stellar! The variety of resources and their topics all relate to the
chosen topic and thesis. Might I suggest doing a little survey of your own to be able to
relate a few personal stories of male teachers to lend credibility?
4. Does the paper provide adequate evidence to prove that the thesis is true? What sort of
evidence is missing? How could the argument be strengthened?
I don’t see that the thesis is trying to be proved true. This paper is more of a fact-finding
paper rather than a True/False paper. Since it is not a True/False paper, whatever
evidence contained within is for the purpose of giving more information rather than
trying to convince the reader that the author’s perspective is true and valid.
5. Does the paper adequately anticipate and respond to possible objections? What other specific
objections ought the author consider?
I could not find anything that needed to be defended, so therefore I could not find
anything that would raise any objections. My sense is that this paper will be written to
inform the reader of a fact and not try to convince the reader that the author’s opinion or
thesis is true.
6. Does the author’s writing style seem appropriate? Does the order and structure of the paper
make sense? How might the author make the paper’s argument clearer and more convincing?
If the author wishes to make her paper stronger, I feel like she must narrow her topic and
chose a specific focus for the paper. There are more than enough resources about the
topic, but I feel that the paper needs to change to a paper that is trying to convince the
reader to take action or that the opinion of the author is worth reading. If it is a factfinding paper, there are no questions to be answered and no evidence needed to be
shown.
7. What other advice do you have to improve the paper?
The topic is valid, but it does not feel like you are setting forth a claim that needs to be
defended or that someone would object to or that needs to have evidence shown in order
to win over the reader. The thesis needs to be stronger. You have a good deal of
resources, but are still lacking a question that you feel you have the answer to.
Running head: RELIGION AND SPIRITUALITY
Spiritual, not Religious
M. Grace Porter
LIB 356, Research Methods for the Humanities
Gregory Salyer
July 17, 2017
1
RELIGION AND SPIRITUALITY
A.
2
Revised paper topic from the Week 2 Assignment
I am studying the significant difference between being religious and following a spiritual
path because I want to find out how so many people have been restored to a healthy life with
healthy relationships, so that my reader can better understand the benefits from working the 12Steps of Alcoholics Anonymous.
Living a healthy life and having healthy relationships are important to many people.
Some join a gym in hopes of having a healthy body, but how do they achieve healthier
relationships? Some read books and see a therapist to find out why they keep experiencing
failure in their relationships, why they aren’t married yet, or any number of other reasons to seek
self-help. These people are focusing on having healthy relationships, but what about living a
healthy life and being happy with their body? Perhaps there is a program that can address both
issues at once; a program that will enable each person to live a healthy life and to have healthy
relationships? If there is such a miracle-program, why aren’t these people beating a path to the
door and seeking to follow the sage advice within its walls?
The word “God” is used quite liberally by people that might or might not believe in Him.
Some people are repulsed by that word because in conjures up bad memories from their
childhood. Others do not like the word because they do not believe that the Bible is true and they
follow a different spiritual path. Still others follow a different religion entirely and are offended
when that word is used, so they stay far away from anything or anyone that uses the word in
literature or conversation. These people staunchly believe what they believe and are not willing
to entertain another possibility, especially if this other option has the word “God” in it.
The 12-Step program of Alcoholics Anonymous, according to Jeff Sandoz, has a “current
estimate of worldwide membership…of approximately two million” in 2014 (Sandoz, 2014,
RELIGION AND SPIRITUALITY
3
p948). There are many other programs that use the 12-Steps from AA to target addictions other
than alcoholism: food, narcotics, debt, pornography, and compulsive overeating, just to name a
few. Each of these branches is filled with members who are living healthier lives and are
working on having healthier relationships. “The key to the recovery process is a spiritual
experience…a process which evokes a psychic change sufficient to recover from [any] disease”
(Sandoz, 2014, p.948). For people to experience this psychic change, the 12-Steps of AA must be
completed and must continue to be a part of their daily lives.
People who are searching for answers sometimes walk through the door of a 12-Step
meeting. In each meeting they will hear the word “God” mentioned in the reading of the steps,
and perhaps during the time when members share about their experiences. If the seekers get hung
up on the use of the word and keep their mind closed, they cannot experience the psychic change
and recover. If the seeker feels at home and sees that something is different about this
experience, they might keep attending the meetings without working the steps. That is okay, but
they will never experience the psychic change sufficient to recover. Whatever the reasons for not
working the 12-Steps of AA, a person will remain in an unhealthy life with unhealthy
relationships, and continue searching for help from many different avenues, perhaps never
finding a program that offers a solution.
B.
Review of Current Scholarship
The current scholarship on the topic of AA’s 12-Step program has not yet dealt with my
specific topic, but each of the ten resources contributes an important piece from which I will
build my paper. I used Ashford Library to search using the words Alcoholics Anonymous,
religion, spirituality and recovery to find the ten sources I will be using for my project.
The sources fall under three different categories: the first are sources written to the
RELIGION AND SPIRITUALITY
4
therapist about Alcoholics Anonymous and recovery (five articles), the second are sources
written in an attempt to define spirituality and why it is such an important part of recovery (three
articles), and the third are sources that seek to define the difference between being religious and
being spiritual (two sources).
TO THERAPISTS ABOUT ALCOHOLICS ANONYMOUS
Author DiClemente wrote an article that appeared in Substance Use & Misuse entitled
“Paths Through Addiction and Recovery: The Impact of Spirituality and Religion.” This source
is written to explain to therapists that religion and spirituality have a hand in helping addicts find
recovery. The author lists many benefits that those in recovery receive and desires that therapists
“understand, respect, explore, educate, and offer some guidance as to how to best incorporate
spirituality and religion into our work” as therapists (DiClemente, 2013, p.1261). I will use
DiClemente’s article to prove that spirituality is part of all 12 step recovery programs and that
therapists should “work to assist…clients to avoid the journey into addiction and to find the
courage to make the journey into recovery” (DiClemente, 2012, p.1261).
The second resource that is written with the therapist in mind is by Galanter. It appeared
in The American Journal of Psychiatry in 2008, entitled “Spirituality, Evidence-Based Medicine,
and Alcoholics Anonymous.” This resource delves into spirituality and encourages participation
in AA along with “evidence-based addiction medicine” (Galanter, 2008, p.1514). The psychiatric
community is curious about the success experienced by those in AA who have had a spiritual
awakening. I will use this source to show that doctors can recommend a 12 step program based
on AA as a viable recovery option for their patients, regardless of whether they completely
understand the spiritual transformative aspect of the AA program or not.
The third offers a Jewish perspective because it evaluates a Jewish therapeutic
RELIGION AND SPIRITUALITY
5
community. While it is not written to therapists, it does reveal the best environment in which
recovery can happen and it encourages other therapists and therapeutic communities how best to
help their patients recover successfully from their various addictions. The authors are Ronel,
Elisha, and Timor and their article “What do our clients say? Residents’ perceptions of recovery
in Retorno – A Jewish therapeutic community” appeared in 2013 in Addiction Research and
Theory. The authors, all from Department of Criminology in Israel, describe the method, the
participants, the instruments used to collect data, the procedure, how they proved validity and
reliability, and finally they list the results.
Resource number four offers help to therapists who do not believe in spirituality. Drobin
authored “Recovery, Spirituality and Psychotherapy” that appeared in Journal of Religion &
Health in 2014. “This article concerns the relationship between addiction recovery, spirituality
and psychotherapy” (Drobin, 2014, p.789). Drobin goes on to say that some in recovery have
also sought psychotherapy along with their pursuit of a spiritual life, but that “51% of therapists
are atheists” (Drobin, 2014, p.789). Throughout the article, therapists are shown ways of
accepting that their patients are following a spiritual path, and how to help them follow the 12
steps of recovery.
The fifth and final article in this section is written by Walker, Godlaski and StantonTindall entitled “Spirituality, Drugs, and Alcohol: A Philosophical Analysis” that appeared in
Substance Use & Misuse in 2013. The authors recommend that “treatment professionals, persons
in recovery, and researchers…consider four problems before accepting the role of spirituality in
addictive disorders or substance misuse” (Walker, Godlaski, & Stanton-Tindall, 2013, p.1235).
They present the problems one by one, summarize each problem, and conclude their article by
suggesting that more research be done.
RELIGION AND SPIRITUALITY
6
DEFINE SPIRITUALITY
The first resource in this category is by Dermatis and Galanter entitled “The Role of
Twelve-Step-Related Spirituality in Addiction Recovery” that appeared in 2016 in Journal of
Religion and Health. Both Helen Dermatis and Marc Galanter (see another article above), are in
the Division of Alcoholism and Drug Abuse, Department of Psychiatry, and The Center for
Spirituality and Healthcare at NYU School of Medicine. This source did not seek to differentiate
between spirituality and religiosity, but used the terms interchangeably to describe a relationship
with a higher power. I will use this article for its description of spirituality and how “spirituality
has come to be seen as a human dimension, particularly useful in bridging sectarian divisions
common to religion” (Dermatis & Galanter, 2016, p.511).
The next article was written by Kurtz and White. Appearing in Religions in 2015 and
entitled “Recovery Spirituality,” the authors explore “the varieties of spiritual experience[s]
within A.A.” (Kurtz & White, 2015, p.58). An explanation of spirituality is contained within. “It
is suggested that the essence of secular spirituality is reflected in the experience of beyond
(horizontal and vertical transcendence) and between (connection and mutuality) and in six facets
of spirituality…shared across religious, spiritual, and secular pathways of addiction recovery”
(Kurtz & White, 2015, p.58). I will use this resource to show how the quest for recovery is a
spiritual one, and that the experiences of “release, gratitude, humility, tolerance, forgiveness, and
being-at-home” are common is all religions, not just Christianity.
My next resource is written from the author’s unique perspective; the author shows how
the twelve steps of AA are similar to the philosophy and theology of Thomas Aquinas. “A
Spiritual Philosophy of Recovery: Aquinas and Alcoholics Anonymous” appeared in Studia
Gilsoniana in 2016, written by McVey. The author touches on the difference between religion
RELIGION AND SPIRITUALITY
7
and spirituality and explains how important it is to follow a spiritual path to ensure recovery. I
will use this source to link in the discipline of philosophy, and to show the necessity of a spiritual
path to a person’s recovery from addictive behavior.
SPIRITUALITY AND AA
The first resource in this category has 10 authors. “Association of spirituality and sobriety
during a behavioral spirituality intervention for Twelve Step (TS) recovery” appeared in The
American Journal Of Drug And Alcohol Abuse in 2007. This article shows the necessity of
spiritual involvement in order to reach sobriety. While it does not show the difference between
religion and spirituality, I will use the information in this source to prove that spirituality is
necessary for continued abstinence and sobriety.
The last resource I have chosen deals with finding God and spirituality, and reveals how
the spiritual path is a universal one, common to many different religions. Jeff Sandoz, author of
“Finding God through the Spirituality of the 12 Steps of Alcoholics Anonymous,” shows that the
path to God is “universal regardless of one’s religious orientation” (Sandoz, 2014, p.948).
Sandoz uses the work of Deepak Chopra, Bill Wilson’s testimony from Alcoholics Anonymous,
as well as lists each one of the twelve steps in his article. The author contrasts the four traditional
paths to God with the 12 steps of AA, showing how they work together to bring about a new
awareness of God. “The 12 Step program of Alcoholics Anonymous offers a daily disciplined
trek in spirituality which includes…devotion, understanding, service and meditation” (Sandoz,
2014, p.957). I will use this resource to prove that working the 12 steps brings a person into a
deeper spiritual relationship with their higher power.
C.
Thesis and outline
THESIS: Although living a healthy life and having healthy relationships are important to most
RELIGION AND SPIRITUALITY
8
people, not many commit to follow the 12-Steps of Alcoholics Anonymous because they think
they have to be religious or believe in God.
OUTLINE:
Many people do not believe that the signs they are displaying in their life clearly point to
addictive behavior. I will define what an addictive behavior is and how/why it might manifest
itself in a person’s life.
I will give a brief history of Alcoholics Anonymous including current statistics of
worldwide involvement.
I will show the difference between being religious and being spiritual.
I will list from various sources what a spiritual life looks like, and show how the themes
of spirituality are universal across many religions.
I will look at the twelve steps of AA and show how they line up with the philosophy of
Thomas Aquinas.
I will then show how recovery is only possible if you follow a spiritual path. I will
conclude by reminding the reader that living a healthy life and having healthy relationships is
possible when they commit to follow the twelve steps of AA, because sobriety and abstinence
occur when a life is being directed by a higher power. This higher power is defined by each
person and might not be called “God,” so a person does not have to be a Christian or even
believe in God to participate in and find happiness and health from a 12-Step program.
RELIGION AND SPIRITUALITY
9
REFERENCES
Brown, A. E., Pavlik, V. N., Shegog, R., Whitney, S. N., Friedman, L. C., Romero, C., & ...
Volk, R. J. (2007). Association of spirituality and sobriety during a behavioral spirituality
intervention for Twelve Step (TS) recovery. The American Journal Of Drug And Alcohol
Abuse, 33(4), 611-617.
Dermatis, H., & Galanter, M. (2016). The Role of Twelve-Step-Related Spirituality in Addiction
Recovery. Journal Of Religion And Health, (2), 510. doi:10.1007/s10943-015-0019-4
DiClemente, C. C. (2013). Paths Through Addiction and Recovery: The Impact of Spirituality
and Religion. Substance Use & Misuse, 48(12), 1260-1261.
doi:10.3109/10826084.2013.808475
Drobin, F. (2014). Recovery, Spirituality and Psychotherapy. Journal Of Religion & Health,
53(3), 789-795. doi:10.1007/s10943-013-9800-4
Galanter, M. (2008). Spirituality, Evidence-Based Medicine, and Alcoholics Anonymous.
American Journal of Psychiatry, 165(12), 1514-1517.
doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2008.08050678
Kurtz, E., & White, W. (2015). Recovery Spirituality. Religions, 6(1), 58-81.
doi:10.3390/rel6010058
RELIGION AND SPIRITUALITY
McVey, W. (2016). A Spiritual Philosophy of Recovery: Aquinas and Alcoholics Anonymous.
Studia Gilsoniana, Vol 5, Iss 1, Pp 135-162 (2016), (1), 135.
Ronel, N., Elisha, E., Timor, U., & Chen, G. (2013). What do our clients say? Residents'
perceptions of recovery in Retorno - A Jewish therapeutic community. Addiction
Research & Theory, 21(4), 295-305. doi:10.3109/16066359.2012.721145
Sandoz, J. (2014). Finding God through the Spirituality of the 12 Steps of Alcoholics
Anonymous. Religions, Vol 5, Iss 4, Pp 948-960 (2014), (4), 948.
doi:10.3390/rel5040948
Walker, R., Godlaski, T. M., & Staton-Tindall, M. (2013). Spirituality, drugs, and alcohol: A
philosophical analysis. Substance Use & Misuse, 48(12), 1233-1245.
doi:10.3109/10826084.2013.799020
10
Running head: LIB 495
1
LIB 495
Instructor name
Submitted by
Date
LIB 495
2
The Florida universities decided to reduce tuition fees for courses like science,
technology, engineering, and math, collectively known as the STEM fields. And the courses like
psychology, political science, anthropology, and performing arts are having higher tuition fees. I
believe the concept of variable tuition fees in Florida is appropriate to some extent. It is always
suggested and desirable that the field which will help us to get maximum revenue after
completing our education should be selected. There are bright chances of the great career in
future. Moreover, there is also no need to migrate the other state, as the state will fulfill all the
requirements of our job. On the other hand, the courses which have the lesser demand or lesser
jobs should not be selected. The career opportunities with these courses are very low. While few
universities tend to increase the tuition fees of the courses which are high in demand and
promote the courses having lower demand. Hence, the variable tuition fees in Florida universities
on the basis of major are appropriate.
Yes, students should be encouraged to do major in STEM fields instead of humanities
fields. In most of the universities across the world, the admissions in STEM fields are high and
the humanities fields are low. The reason behind encouraging students to do education in STEM
fields is the chances of employment are more as compared to humanities fields. Florida has taken
this proposal to steer more students in fields paying them high salaries. The growth of the nation
of the state is depicted from the income generated by the citizens. The more the income earned
by the citizens, the standard of living will improve, thus the growth of the state will be induced.
Some pessimistic people present their opinion that students should not be forced to opt the major
in which they are not interested, they must decide on their own what they want to pursue in their
life. The thinking is absolutely incorrect because the students who want to pursue higher
education often get confused about the major they should select. There are so many fields
LIB 495
3
available for higher education these days, that the student land up in selecting the course having
less popularity, or following the courses suggested by their friends or relatives. The decision
results in repentance in the later stage. The students who enroll themselves just for the sake of
higher education are also forced to take STEM fields, even if they are interested in humanities
fields. In this way, slowly the studies in humanities fields will be eradicated in future. This will
result in huge competition for the budding generation.
There are various assumptions being made by the Florida proposal about the value and
purpose of education. First, the tuition fee must decrease for STEM fields and increase for
humanities fields. This will help the students to have career-oriented future, as the future demand
of jobs will be in STEM fields. Second, Florida must raise the tuition fees by 15 percent annually
to reach the national average. Though, the decision of Legislative authority seems to be
appropriate as the value for education will increase if the tuition fee will increase. The student's
enrollment just for the sake of education will decrease. The benefit is that only the students who
want to pursue their career in different kinds of jobs will take the admission. The student-teacher
ratio will decrease, that means the teachers will be able to focus on the conceptual understanding
of each student in the class.
I agree with these assumptions up to some extent. It is advised by the experts to opt the
field which has greater demand in the market. The economy will grow if the earning and living
standard of people will increase. Hence, more earning is directly linked to the growth of the
economy. The unnecessary crowd of the students in universities will decrease if the tuition fee
will increase. This will allow the meritorious students to concentrate on their studies. On the
other hand, the low demand courses will slowly eradicate from the course curriculum, resulting
LIB 495
in no value for the education to the students who have completed their education previously in
the same field. (Travis & Sentinel, 2012)
4
LIB 495
5
References
Travis, S., Sentinel, S. (2012). State proposal: Vary cost of college tuition by degree sought.
http://articles.sun-sentinel.com/2012-10-24/news/fl-higher-ed-report20121024_1_tuition-increases-popular-bright-futures-scholarship-lower-tuition-and-fees
Running Head: CAUSES OF THE WORLD WARS
Causes of the World Wars
Linwood D. Mason III
LIB/356
Instructor Gregory Salyer
July 17, 2017
1
CAUSES OF THE WORLD WARS
2
Causes of the World Wars
I am studying the causes of the World War I & and World War II because I want to find
out whether it was pre-meditated and planned or it happened spontaneously so that my reader
can better understand who were the key participants, whether all nations participated and to what
extent. Similarly, my study seeks to find out whether the war impacted the entire world and at
the same time come up with measures to prevent any other global war from happening again in
the future.
Historians continue the debate on the major causes of the two world wars. Some of the
historians have done research on what could have been the cause of the first and second world
wars. While some claim that world wars resulted from political, social, financial and regional
clashes, others argue that the major causes of the two wars include nationalism, militarism,
alliances between nations, and imperialism among others. However, some of the historians
maintain that the reasons for the world wars were planned for and hence could have been
avoided. This paper supports the claim that the first and second world wars resulted in factors
such as militarism, nationalism, alliances between nations, and imperialism. It also uses scholarly
articles to support its argument concerning how these factors caused the world wars.
Based on a literature review done on numerous research articles concerning the cause of
world wars, it comes out that the majority of the historians support the argument that factors such
as militarism, nationalism, and imperialism are the cause of the wars. However, some of the
historians hold the notion that political, financial and regional problems paved the way for the
two world wars. Factors such as militarism, imperialism, and alliances between countries are
believed to be the starting points of the world war. These issues provoked nations to indulge in
CAUSES OF THE WORLD WARS
3
wars amongst themselves. However, these nations found assistance from other countries thus
ended up forming alliances that would allow them to protect their people from enemy nations.
Consequently, these factors are assumed to have created a war environment. Those
people who claim that issues such as imperialism, militarism, and nationalism are the major
triggers of the world wars failed to consider that there could have been other factors that led to
world wars. These are the most focused on factors linked to the world wars. Therefore, other
factors are deemed to be minor causes.
The world was exposed to two wars that left the majority of the people dead whereas
others were displaced from their areas due to the destruction of properties that happened during
the war. Further study into the causes of the world wars helps to understand how and why these
issues are believed to be main causes of the first and second wars.
The first essential factor deemed a cause of the world war was imperialism. In definition,
imperialism refers to a situation where countries or nations decide to take over and have control
over other nations. Before the start of the world war, the British Empire and France had large
areas of the African countries under their control. However, when Germany had entered the
struggle of wanting to own more land in the African areas and take control, a rivalry with the
other two nations arose. In turn, the struggle for having more land and control over large areas
paved the way for war.
Additionally, the competition to give a high profile to the military in a nation contributed
to the creation of a war environment between countries such as Germany and France. The armies
of the two countries had doubled between the years 1870 to 1914. Furthermore, there was a stiff
completion between Germany and Britain regarding which nation could introduce an effective
CAUSES OF THE WORLD WARS
4
battleship. Nevertheless, the two countries had made efforts to introduce effective battleships
which can be said to be prepared for war. From this point of view, it is evident that the causes of
the world wars were planned.
Also, nationalism is argued to be another cause of the world wars. Countries advocating
for their rights and interests were determined to indulge in a war to continue supporting these
interests. Thus nations such as Germany and Italy had joined forces due to nationalist elements.
It is evident that the causes of the world wars were planned.
Consequently, alliances between nations were seen as a way of paving the way for the
world wars. Two or more countries joined forces to become stronger against their enemy in the
war. Furthermore, the nations formed alliances as a way of providing and seeking help from each
other. For instance, the dual treaty among Germany and Austria-Hungary was made to ensure
that the countries were safe from their enemy Russia. On the other hand, Russia and France had
formed an alliance to enhance protection against Austria-Hungary and Germany. Therefore, it is
clear that alliances formed were a way of preparing for a war between rival countries.
The causes of the world wars are believed to be planned. Nevertheless, some historians
continue to argue that a few of the factors were brought about by the financial, regional and
political clashes. For instance, the European powers paved the way for the world war as a result
of some of the argued clashes. Problems in the financial, regional and political issues within a
nation created a war environment. These factors also created quicker roots of the world war.
There seems to be an emerging consensus among the majority of the historians
concerning the causes of the world wars. Most of the historians claim that the major causes of the
world wars are imperialism, nationalism, alliances between countries and finally militarism. A
CAUSES OF THE WORLD WARS
5
few historians mention the factors such as political, financial and regional clashes. However,
some of the historians who argue that the factors such as imperialism and militarism the main
causes also mention the clashes as minor triggers to the world wars.
Historians continue to have a varying impression on the major causes of the world wars.
The majority of eh modern writers and researchers continue to utilize past findings concerning
the causes of the world wars. People expected to understand the main origins of the world wars
from the books written by numerous historians. Furthermore, these historians are expected to
provide valid and concrete reasons for the start of the world wars. However, they all assume that
the causes found by past researchers are the main reason for the world war. Causes such as
imperialism, nationalism, alliances, and militarism continue to be the center of discussion and
debate for the cause of the world wars.
Historians have made an effort to explain the causes of the world wars adequately. The
components such as imperialism, nationalism, country alliances, and militarism have been
explained in details on how they paved the way for a war between nations. Researchers and
historians have written books concerning the ancestries of the world war. Each of the above
aspects is explained adequately on how it caused the world wars. However, there are a few of the
reasons for the world wars that researchers as well as a vast of historians have paid petite
responsiveness to.
Factors such as the regional, financial and political clashes in countries are mentioned as
minor origins of the world war. As such, these factors have not been adequately addressed by
historians. People can only associate the factors with world war problems. However, it is
difficult to explain how political and financial clashes caused the world wars when the issues
CAUSES OF THE WORLD WARS
6
have not been addressed adequately. The only major aspects assumed to be origins of the world
war are imperialism, militarism, nationalism, and alliances. Furthermore, the majority of the
historians to continue to debate the issue of the world war using these factors most of the times.
Additionally, other causes have been mentioned by historians as the origins of world
wars. Some historians continue to believe that factors such as imperialism, nationalism, and
militarism are not the only main causes of the world wars. The presence of unequal relationships
within different nations was believed to be a cause of the world war. Furthermore, controls on
aspects such as culture, finance and the control of the people within a nation also contributed to
the world war. This is because the controls imposed on people were meant to be constraints to
any close relationships that people from different nations could share.
Historians tend to focus mainly on the issues that have been discussed in the past
concerning the origins of the world war. The only difference that the current historians make
from the past findings is trying to explain in depth how the factors explained by past researchers
contributed to the world war. Historians are trying to explain why these factors are believed to be
the main causes of the world wars. Therefore, they no longer state the factors as causes of world
war and leave it at that. However, researchers have made an effort address the origins of the
world war adequately. Nevertheless, they assume that their focus should be on only the past
factors instead of trying to make discoveries about the origins of the world war.
This research assists the reader to understand and have knowledge of the origins of the
world war. Furthermore, readers can have a new understanding concerning their causes of the
world wars. This is because the current research does not only involve stating of the factors
described by historians as the major origins of the war. It also explains further how the factors
CAUSES OF THE WORLD WARS
7
mentioned caused the war between nations. Also, the research sought to explain how the factors
paved the way for a war between countries. Furthermore, it helps to shift the focus of individuals
on a few causes of eh world war.
The current research will help a reader to understand in detail why the mentioned factors
contributed to the creation of a war environment. Moreover, the research has mentioned some
additional causes of the world war that most of the historians fail to address adequately. As such,
it will help to ensure that a reader understands that there are additional causes of the world war
that should be researched on in future or the modern day. Also, the research helps in the sense
that people get to understand that the world war was not only a battle between nations fighting to
acquire more land but was also influenced by other complex factors.
CAUSES OF THE WORLD WARS
8
References
Black, Helen K., and William H. Thompson. "A War Within a War: A World War II Buffalo
Soldier's Story." Journal of Men's Studies 20.1 (2012): 32-46.
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