Respond for each students about what he write. Peer review for 3 students. Student 1: 1-Discuss the development of the model of the ideal Hindu wife from the early Vedas to the Upanishads and how it had an impact on women's lives. Many reformers from within and outside of the Hindu tradition have called for changes in the status of women, yet the traditional ideals of womanhood remain firmly entrenched in Indian society. To what extent is it possible and/or legitimate to tamper with social-religious practices and norms that date back thousands of years? Respond-1: The ideal Hindu wife has changed a lot from the early Vedas to the Upanishads even to this present day. In the early Vedas women were seen to be equals to men, they were believed to have even performed rituals. Although society was patriarchal women held important structures as wives and mothers (they were respected). But over time religious rites and activities performed by women began to decline; women were advised and made to marry early which resulted in early childbirth. This in turn made education to be more focused on men, because women were too busy raising kids and taking care of their homes and husbands. Because women were denied education their status began to degrade and men lost value for them ad become more derogatory. To the ascetics women were seen as a hindrance to achieve moksha, saying they were “temptresses”. In totality women were being controlled, according to the Law of Manu, as children they were to respect their fathers, as teenagers they were to respect their husbands and during widowhood to respect their sons. During the British rule, some reforms were made but not enough, as the British didn’t want to rid them of their practices. But instead of the British to really change some of these rules they decided to follow it (The Law of Manu) and extended it to the lower castes of women. At first most of these rules such as no re-marrying, no divorces etc. were restricted to women of the upper castes but the British extended it. And this caused rebellion and independence was won with the help of the women, some of which sacrificed their lives for it. This made women to be included in the constitution and given rights which they didn’t have in the past. But this wasn’t enough as some of these practices are still happening in parts of India because it is difficult and almost impossible to change practices that have lasted for thousands of years. So basically, I think it is possible to change some social-religious practices as the world keeps on evolving but it can’t be completely changed at once. It has to change over time and over generations even then, it will still have roots in the mind of the people one way or the other. 2-Talk about the meaning of Dao including the religious concept of Yang and Yin. Comment on the importance of this concept for understanding Chinese religion. Respond-2: Dao basically means way, existence, Nature or God, it’s the Chinese term for Infinite Reality. It is the unity in which all thigs fit together harmoniously. The Yang and Yin symbolizes the opposites of life not divided by a razor sharp line, which is good on one side evil on the other. Each side takes its abode in the deepest citadel of the other by virtue of the white dot in the black dot and vice versa. It symbolizes the relationship between the opposites in our life and how they can be united. The Chinese religion is based mostly on empathy and empathy involves identifying oneself with others or in the case of the Chinese everything including the universe. This relates to the Yang and Yin which basically symbolizes unifying and this cannot be achieved without empathy. Student- 2 The goal of Sikhism is to build a loving relationship with God. The Sikhs believe that there is one God and the way to build this close relationship is through meditation. Sikhs believe in the samsara which is the repetitive cycle of birth, life, and death. They also believe in karma which is the sum of a person’s actions from this life and previous lives to decide their fate for the future. Reincarnation is a main feature of Sikhism; this is the belief of rebirth following death. The Five K’s is a clothing practice that stricter Sikhs follow. The Five K’s are: Kesa (long hair that is not cut), Kangah (comb), Kacha (short pants), Kara (metal bracelet), Kirpan (a dagger). Many people aspire to follow the way that Buddha has set for them. I believe that people are fascinated by him because he went out of his way to find what the real world was like. He was sheltered from the real world since he was born because his dad was protecting him from the suffering of the world. Student- 3 Sikhism is a religion that was created in the early sixteenth century that is a spiritual boundary between Hinduism and Islam. It is from Sikh meaning “learner” or “disciple”. Sikhism had its own role in the tumultuous history of India. It is based on spiritual teachings from the first revealer, Guru Nanak from 1470-1540. It was believed that God came to him and made him teach humankind to worship the true name of God through prayer, charity, and cleanliness service. He told his people that there was no Hindu or Muslim after he disappeared from the rapture. This God was neither a God or Islam nor Hinduisms God. He can be called Brahma, Rama, Hari, or Allah. Sikhs are to love above all under any circumstances. The fundamental features/beliefs of Sikhism is to have faith and meditate on the name of one creator, to have unity of all humankind, engage in selfless service, strive for social justice for the benefit of all and to be honest and livelihood while living in a householder’s life. Sikhism has something called Simran which is meditation on the words of the Guru. Guru Arjan and Guru Tegh Bahadur were tortured and executed by the Mughal rulers after they refused to convert to Islam. This triggered the founding of the Khlasa as an order to protect the freedom of conscience and religion. Sikhism became another religion instead of a faith beyond a religion. After 2,500 years of the death of Buddha, I think the core reason for his fascination is that there was someone physical and alive to worship and the fact that he was the most recent teacher. He was the only founder of Buddhism and was respected by many people. 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