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this is my study guide for my test tomorrow
I am not very good at english and i need to study this
please use the power point to answer the questions and please try to simply so that it will be easy for me to understand and remember.
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Explanation & Answer
Here is the 1st studyguide.
1.
What is the generalized equation for glucose metabolism?
C6H12O6 + 6 O2 --> 6 CO2 + 6 H2O
2.
Define glycolysis –
Glycolysis breaks down glucose and forms pyruvate with the production of two molecules of ATP.
3.
What are the two phases of glycolysis?
Energy investment phase and energy generation phase.
4.
Where does glycolysis occur?
Cytosol (cyotplasm) of a cell
5.
Does glycolysis require oxygen?
No
6.
In the process of glycolysis, glucose is broken down into _________.
Pyruvate.
7.
How much ATP is produced by glycolysis?
One glucose molecule produces four ATP, two NADH,and two pyruvate molecules during glycolysis.
8.
Distinguish between aerobic and anaerobic respiration –
Aerobic respiration requires oxygen, whereas anaerobic respiration does not require oxygen.
9.
Define fermentation –
the chemical breakdown of a substance by bacteria, yeasts, or other microorganisms, typically
involving effervescence and the giving off of heat.
10. What type of molecule is produced by our muscles that causes cramping?
The accumulation of lactic acid causes cramping.
11. What types of foods are produced by bacteria using fermentation?
Some foods that are formed using fermentation are Kefir (fermented milk), coffee, chocolate,
tea, sourdough bread, cheese, and yogurt.
12. What is pyruvate converted into before it enters the Krebs’ cycle?
It is converted into acetyl-CoA.
13. What are the products of the Krebs’ Cycle? Under aerobic conditions, the NADH
produced in glycolysis is carried to the _________
The products are ATP, NADH, FADH2, and CO2. Under aerobic conditions, the NADH from
glycolysis is carried from the cytoplasm to the mitochondria to the Electron Transport Chain.
14. Where do the Krebs’ cycle reactions take place?
The mitochondrial matrix.
15. Where is electron transport chain located in the mitochondria?
The inner mitochondrial membrane.
16. If glucose goes through glycolysis and all the way through the Krebs cycle, what is the
fate of the six carbon molecules of glucose?
In glycolysis, the six-carbon sugar, glucose, is broken down into two molecules of three-carbon
molecule called pyruvate. Pyruvate is transported into the mitochondria and
losescarbon dioxide to form a two-carbon molecule.
17. Define proton gradient and relate it to chemiosmosis –
The proton gradient is the product of the electron transport chain. It is the force behind the ATP
synthesis. Protons diffuse from an area of high proton concentration to an area of lower proton
concentration, and a proton gradient across a membrane can be harnessed to make ATP. The ATP
synthase is the enzyme that makes ATP by chemiosmosis.
18. What is the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain?
The final electron acceptor is oxygen.
19. How many ATP total can be produced from one glucose molecule?
38 ATP can be produced from one glucose molecule.
Here is the 2nd guide.
1. Why do we say that the plasma membrane is a “fluid mosaic”?
We say that the plasma membrane is a fluid mosaic because the fluid part
represents how some parts of the membrane can move around freely. In the
model, a moveable layer of lipid molecules is filled with large protein molecules.
2. What is the function of the phospholipids in the plasma membrane?
Phospholipids consist of a hydrophilic head ...