Module 04 Case Study Bone Tissue

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Health Medical

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Module 04 Case Study: Bone Tissue

Part I— “Marissa” Questions

  1. Describe bone tissue and the role each component plays in bone physiology and remodeling. What is the difference between compact and spongy bone? (2 points)

  2. Explain the relationship between calcium and bones. (1 point)
  3. Explain how the body controls calcium levels in the bones and blood. Be sure to describe the roles of parathyroid hormone (PTH) and calcitonin in detail. (2 points)
  4. Explain specifically how osteoporosis affects the bone matrix and the normal bone remodeling cycle. (1 point)
  5. Discuss what scientists know about the genetics behind osteoporosis. (1 point)
  6. List at least 5 controllable and 3 uncontrollable risk factors for this disease. (1 point)

  7. What are the symptoms or telltale signs of osteoporosis? (1 point)

Part II— “Jeremy” Questions

  1. What foods are good sources of calcium? (1 point)

  2. Discuss the importance of Vitamin D to calcium absorption. (1 point)

  3. Discuss calcium supplementation and the recommended daily dosages. (1 point)

  4. Discuss the effects of sodium, caffeine, and alcohol on calcium levels in the body. (1 point)

  5. Explain what peak bone mass is and its relationship to osteoporosis. (1 point)

  6. Describe the types of exercise that help prevent osteoporosis. Why? (1 point)

  7. What are steroids? What are some examples of steroid prescription medications? What are they used for? (1 point)

  8. Explain how long-term use of steroids may increase risk for osteoporosis. (1 point)

Part III— “Eleanor” Questions

  1. Define "perimenopausal" and explain how menopause affects a woman's hormonal levels of estrogen and progesterone. (1 point)

  2. Explain how estrogen affects calcium levels in bones. (2 points)

  3. Explain how smoking affects estrogen levels. How does this in turn affect calcium levels? (1 point)

  4. What is HRT? Who is it intended for? (1 point)

  5. In general, and based on medical studies, what are the pros and cons of HRT? (2 points)

  6. Describe at least two other drug options available to men and women to help prevent and/or treat osteoporosis. (1 point)

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Explanation & Answer

Attached.

Running head: CASE STUDY BONE TISSUES

Case Study Bone Tissues
Student’s Name
Institutional Affiliation

CASE STUDY BONE TISSUES

2

Case Study Bone Tissues
1. The four types of bone tissues found in the body are; osteogenic, osteoblasts,
osteocytes and osteoclasts. All these tissues serve different purposes. `First, being
mature bones, Osteocytes maintain the concentration of minerals in the matrix.
Secondly, the Osteoblast is responsible for product and building of new immature
bones. Thirdly, Osteoclasts are used in the reabsorption of the bone. Lastly,
Osteogenic are characterized with high mitotic activities and undifferentiated cells
that enable them to divide.
The difference between compact bones and spongy bones is that spongy bones are
osseous and help in supporting body weight while compact bones are
characterized by a dense osteon tissue which enables it to withstand forces.
Secondly, spongy bones are located inside bones while compact bones are found
on the outside of the bone.

2. The connection between calcium and bones is that calcium is responsible for
ensuring the growth of healthy bones. Both calcium carbonate and calcium

CASE STUDY BONE TISSUES

3

phosphate help ion the growth of hydroxyapatite that constitutes the stiffness and
hardness of bones.
3. Bones are the core resource for the body’s calcium levels that are required for it to
work correctly. Osteocytes found in the bones possess calcium canaliculi,
channels host cytoplasmic processes in the bone matrix. This allows for
communication between osteocytes ena...


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