Complete the Study Guide in the attachments

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1) Complete the Study Guide in the attachments

2) Discuss the importance of trance rituals found in Indonesia and cite examples that are covered in the text and in the lecture presentation. What is the purpose of participating in trance rituals? What insights or information can one gain from "communicating" with the spirit world? How has tourism, particularly in Bali, affected these rituals? ( The lecture presentation is in the attachments)

3) Write a helpful response in first person

When I read The music of Indonesia. I found that Indonesia is an island nation, and it is home over 350 different ethnic groups. Also, I saw before (1600-1945) arts and music are seen as high status and flourished during the Dutch Colonize. On the other hand, the history and layering of religions in Indonesia were Mysticism, Buddhism, Hinduism, and Islam. I think today the majority are Muslim, and they still practice Hindu and Buddhist, This means the people in Indonesia belief and participate in Mystic spirit possession and trance rituals. Indonesian gamelan means the based on Colotomic structure like music organized into cycles. Bali is the home of many ritual performances, and they are mostly religious rituals and full of magical meaning to their performers and spectators. In these rituals, we found dance and theatre are always made to serve religious and magical purposes. The most sacred dances are seen as an act of worship or a sign of devotion. Also, they are usually performed in the inner temple courtyards in connection with calendar feasts. Bali easily accessible to tourists from around world. However, tourism in Bali has had an extensive history and can be traced back to the landing of the Dutch on the island 1597. Other rituals changed for tourist consumption, such as the Kejak or "Monkey Dance" and a welcoming dance for divine spirits, but now preformed at the airport to welcome government officials or other celebrities. Tourism has affected the performance practices, which has led to a number of essential changes. Anyway, this is first time I read and hear music of Indonesia. I have just know that Indonesia country has live most of Muslim people, and always it has earthquakes, maybe because it is island. Thank you

4) Indonesia and write a 150 word journal about Javanese Gamelan: Bubaran "Udan Mas". Include information about the audio example including the genre or style, instruments and form. What culture creates this music? What behaviors or activities are associated with this music? Also include your personal thoughts or feelings about your chosen audio example. Do you like it/dislike it? Why did you choose this particular example?

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Music of Indonesia Map of Southeast Asia  Indonesia is an island nation that is home to over 350 different ethnic groups.  After WWII the Indonesian archipelago became an independent nation, uniting many different cultures into one Indonesia. Indonesian History  How long did the Dutch Colonize Indonesia and what affect did it have on Indonesian culture and arts?  Arts and music are seen as high status and flourished during the colonial period (1600-1945).  History and layering of religions in Indonesia  Mysticism (pre-history), Buddhism (5th century), Hinduism (7th century), Islam (13th century).  Today, majority are Muslim, but still practice Hindu/Buddhist beliefs and participate in Mystic spirit possession/trance rituals. Indonesian Gamelan  What does the term gamelan mean?  Gamelan music is based on Colotomic Structure:  Music organized into cycles defined by periodic punctuation, in this case the large hanging and rack gongs  Laras - Tuning systems:  Slendro – pentatonic , 5 pitches, equidistant  Pelog – heptatonic, 7 pitches , non- equidistant  Gamelan ensembles have an important association with royal lineage and spiritual practices in Java and Bali. Javanese Gamelan Instruments  Bronze idiophones include:  Punctuation instruments:  Gong, Kempul, Kenong, Ketuk  Melodic instruments:  Slenthem, Saron (barung, demung)  Peking  Ornamental instruments:  Bonang (barung, panerus)  Gender  Other instruments include:     Kendang- drums (conductor) Rebab- spike fiddle Suling- bamboo flute Gambang- wood xylophone Javanese Gamelan  Gongan:  A musical phrase punctuated by the largest gong of the gamelan  Balungan:  Core or skeletal melody  Three layers of activity:  Punctuation: accents the gongan  Melody: plays the balungan  Ornamental: ornaments the balungan video Listening Activity: Javanese Gamelan: Bubaran Udan Mas  Listen to “Bubaran Udan Mas” found in the Indonesia Audio File. Follow the Listening Guide in your book as you listen.  What Sounds are you hearing? laras pelog, loud piece  What Behaviors are associated with this musical activity?  What Conceptions or Ideas govern the sounds and behaviors of this musical activity? Listening Activity: Javanese Gamelan Ketawang Puspawarna  Listen to “Ketawang Puspawarna” found in the Indonesia Audio File. Follow the Listening Guide in your book as you listen  What Sounds are you hearing? laras slendro, soft piece  What Behaviors are associated with this musical activity?  What Conceptions or Ideas govern the sounds and behaviors of this musical activity? Functions of Gamelan Music  Courtly entertainment  Traditional dance  Puppet plays  Trance rituals VIDEO Javanese dancers  Important ceremonies and celebrations  The sacred Bedhaya dance Bedhaya dancers Wayang Kulit  Shadow puppet plays that enact the epic Hindu stories of Mahabharata and Ramayana.  How have these Hindu stories been “Javanized” over time?  Who is the dalang and what important role does he play in preserving Indonesian history and culture? video Balinese Gamelan  Hindu-Buddhist refugees migrated to Bali in the 15th cent, bringing a hierarchical social system and gamelan  Colonial period- development of the arts is effective way of retaining high status.  Isolated evolution of gamelan in Bali resulted in:  Multiple genres  Altered and new instruments  New forms and functions  Drastically different musical aesthetic and timbre Balinese Gamelan Genres  Gamelan Gambuh  Archaic court opera and accompanying orchestra  Gamelan Gong Gede  Older court music used for court and temple rituals, similar in sound and style to the Javanese gamelan  Gamelan Semar Pegunligan  Large court orchestra that plays instrumental versions of gamelan gambuh melodies  Gender Wayang  Four-piece ensemble of genders that typically accompanies Balinese shadow plays Gamelan Gong Kebyar  Extremely dynamic, virtuosic and unpredictable, modern style of music and dance. Drastically different than older, more refined and elegant genres.  Hocketing 2 players interlocking melodic parts  Shimmer effect altered tunings create dissonance  Most tourist performances of music and dance feature this newer genre. video Listening Activity: Balinese Gamelan Gong Kebyar Teruna  Listen to “Kebyar Teruna” found in the Indonesia Audio File. Follow the Listening Guide in your book as you listen.  What Sounds are you hearing?  What Behaviors are associated with this musical activity?  What Conceptions or Ideas govern the sounds and behaviors of this musical activity? Trance Dance: Barong  Trance ritual adapted as a regular performance medium for tourists  Barong an awesome but benevolent lion  Rangda a horrendous and malevolent witch  Masks and trance rituals  Authenticity- Are trance rituals performed for tourists authentic? video Balinese Kecak  “Monkey Chant”  Voices imitate sounds of small gamelan  Dancers enact tales from the Hindu epic, the Ramayana  Originally a trance ceremony without added element of dance, today kecak is performed mostly for tourists  Tourist expectations of exoticism video Popular Music: Gambus video  What foreign influences are present in gambus music?  Instruments? Tonal quality? Language?  The word gambus literally means “oud” though now refers to the genre of music, not just the instrument  Yemen origins, connection with Islamic homeland  Lyrical content may include Islamic subject matter, contemporary songs have drifted away from this and are considered overly sensual by some. Listening Activity: Gambus  Listen to “Gambus: Cari Hiburan” found in the Indonesia Audio File. Follow the Listening Guide in your book as you listen.  What Sounds are you hearing?  What Behaviors are associated with this musical activity?  What Conceptions or Ideas govern the sounds and behaviors of this musical activity? Popular Music: Dangdut  Indian film songs blended with Western rock via Malaysia  Popular medium for broadcasting Islamic values to the public in the 1970s under the influence of superstar Rhoma Irama  Dangdut music is also considered scandalous by some because of sensual lyrical content and overtly sexual dance movements. “Goyang!!” video Listening Activity: Dangdut  Listen to “Dangdut: Curahan Hati” found in the Indonesia Audio File. Follow the Listening Guide in your book as you listen.  What Sounds are you hearing?  What Behaviors are associated with this musical activity?  What Conceptions or Ideas govern the sounds and behaviors of this musical activity? Popular Music: Kroncong  Prior to the Dutch Colonial period, Portuguese traders had established outposts and introduced their folk instruments and music.  Kroncong was once associated with underclass/violence/pirates  Since the 1920s, kroncong has been “Javanized”  Instruments functional quality similar to gamelan music  Association with middle class and national identity. Nostalgia for older generation video Listening Activity: Kroncong  Listen to “Kroncong: Morisko” found in the Indonesia Audio File. Follow the Listening Guide in your book as you listen.  What Sounds are you hearing?  What Behaviors are associated with this musical activity?  What Conceptions or Ideas govern the sounds and behaviors of this musical activity? Popular Music: Jaipongan video  Sundanese (West Java) urban “modern” gamelan music and dance style  Blending of older Sundanese village dance genre and martial arts tradition Jaipongan dancers  Unlike other popular genres, Jaipongan has virtually no foreign influences  Developed in the 1970s, Gugum Gumbira and Jugala studios Gugum Gumbira Listening Activity: Jaipongan  Listen to “Jaipongan: Daun Pulus” found in the Indonesia Audio File. Follow the Listening Guide in your book as you listen.  What Sounds are you hearing?  What Behaviors are associated with this musical activity?  What Conceptions or Ideas govern the sounds and behaviors of this musical activity? World Music Name__________________________ Study Guide: Indonesia 1. What does the term “gamelan” mean? 2. List all of the instruments of a gamelan ensemble. Bronze instruments: Other instruments: 3. The term laras refers to the tuning system in Javanese gamelan. What are the names of the two systems and how many pitches do they have? 4. What is colotomic structure and how is this utilized in gamelan music? 5. Discuss the history and/or layering of religions that exist in Indonesia. What makes Bali unique concerning religious development? 6. What role do gamelan ensembles play in establishing and legitimizing royalty and power? How does the Javanese bedhaya song and dance reflect this assertion of status? 7. What is wayang kulit? How long do these performances last? Who is the dalang and what important role does he play in maintaining history and culture? 8. Define the following Balinese gamelan ensembles: Gamelan GambuhGamelan ArjaGamelan Gong GedeGamelan Semar PegunliganGamelan Gong KebyarGender Wayang9. List ways in which the modern ensemble of Gong Kebyar is dramatically different than other Balinese gamelan ensembles in both form and function. 10. What is Balinese kecak? How does the organization and performance of this style of music mirror gamelan music? What Hindu epic is typically enacted during kecak performances? 11. How does kecak differ from other Balinese trance rituals? What affected this development? 12. The __________________ is another kind of Balinese trance ritual that has been adapted for tourists. It represents the struggle between good (an awesome but benevolent lion) and evil (a horrendous and malevolent witch). 13. How does popular gambus music reflect Middle Eastern origins in its instrumentation and style? 14. __________________ is a popular Indonesian music that is an extraordinary mix of Western rock and Indian film songs. 15. How does the popular genre kroncong reflect colonial history in Indonesia? What is the instrumentation of kroncong? 16. List ways in which the performance of kroncong and gamelan are similar, even though the instrumentation is quite different. 17. The ______________________ style of pop music has the unique characteristic of being derived from a style of professional folk entertainment of _________________ (West Java) and does not have foreign derivations or influences like other popular genres reviewed. 18. A young musician named _______________________ was responsible for introducing the amalgamation of various Sundanese musical components that started the jaipongan craze in 1974. 19. How has tourism affected traditional arts in places like Java and Bali? Positive or negative? 20. The national motto of Indonesia is “__________________________________” How does this statement reflect Indonesian demographics and history?
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