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Running head: CASE STUDY 1 CASE STUDY Courtney Buchanan Professor Faille Southern New Hampshire University 9/17/2017 CASE STUDY 2 Mr. Davis is a Muslim immigrant who moved to the country five years ago with a long history of psychiatric hospitalization because he suffers from paranoid schizophrenia. He believes that uniformed spies have been sent to assassinate him. He also reports auditory and visual hallucinations when not on his medication. He served 45 days in jail or trespassing where he was put on anti-psychotic medications. Upon his release he returned to the streets and stopped taking his medication. He was assaulted by several youths who hit and kicked him, leaving him on the ground but suffered no serious injuries. He was convinced that these juveniles who assaulted him were spies who would come back to assault him. He found a 17-inch pipe and hid in the shadows fearing for his life. In the morning he saw two uniformed youths approaching him and was convinced they were the spies coming to kill him. He attacked the 12-year-old boy and struck him in the head causing brain tumor, and his 14-year-old brother, who managed to get away after suffering a blow to the face. He then went back and bludgeoned the 12-year-old to death. When the police arrived, he was still hitting the lifeless body. He was found incompetent to face trial and was treated at a state hospital for eight months, after which he was found competent and tried and convicted of capital murder. The mitigating factors that the forensic psychologist would address here are that the accused was under extreme mental distress. He has history of psychiatric hospitalization related to his diagnosis of paranoid schizophrenia and stopped his medicine after his release from jail. He was attacked by youths who hit him and kicked him which aggravated his distress. The uniform on the boys may also have triggered his hallucinations. He continued to beat the boy’s lifeless body showing that he did not understand the wrongfulness of his acts. Which is an CASE STUDY 3 indication that he was in a different state of mind and unaware of his acts. Another indication was the fact that he did not run away from the police, but instead dropped the pipe and sat and subdued. This implies that he did not feel guilt and therefore did not recognize his act as wrong. Mr. Davis was treated for eight months after which he was found competent to face trial. He was not supposed to face trial after this treatment. He instead should be committed to a psychiatric hospital and put on medication as he’s a sick man, not a criminal. In many cases where a potential mental illness is present, it is overlooked depending on the severity of the crime. In the case of Mr. Davis, the court needs to look at this evidence and consider the recommendation as he has no history of serious criminal activity. This could have been a turning point in the case because it could have been proven to be a mental break which resulted in the crime committed. The court decided that it was best for him to be behind bars instead of transferring him to a facility where he can receive the appropriate help. In jail, he will not receive the help that is needed and will not help his mental state. In the case of Ford v Wainwright, petitioner was convicted of murder in a Florida state court and sentenced to death (Law, 2006). There is no suggestion that he was incompetent at the time of the offense, at trial, or at sentencing. But subsequently he began to manifest changes in behavior, indicating a mental disorder. The Supreme Court held that executing the insane is unconstitutional because the insane inmate does not understand the purpose of his or her punishment (Law, 2006). Executing such a person has no retributive effect. If a defendant was insane at the time of the crime he or she can be found not guilty because of insanity. Pleading guilty due to insanity ha to be proven. Professionals such as psychologists are called in to testify on behalf of the possible mental state of the accused. incompetent to be executed which Mr. Davis was. A death sentenced inmate can be CASE STUDY 4 References Law. American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law. 2006. Web. 20 Feb 2011. "Mental Illness and the Death Penalty." Death Pealty Information Center. Death Penalty Information Center, 02-22-2011. Web. 22 Feb 2011. Running road: FORENSIC SCIENCE 1 Forensic science Courtney Buchanan Southern New Hampshire University 10/2/2017 FORENSIC SCIENCE 2 Forensic science It is the application of scientific processes and methods to criminal laws. In a criminal investigation, science is applied as governed by the laws and standards to get evidence in order to solve a criminal procedure. Scientific methodology This is the surest way to make forensic investigation more effective. There are various methods to get forensics such as the litigation method, use of laser scanners, criminalistics and digital forensics. In these methods, scientists collect, preserve and analyze scientific data to arrive at a legal judgments. Litigation method. The litigation method describes the analysis of data for use in a trial as well as the data produced in the course of any scientific research. It encompasses various techniques such as the use of fingerprints, lasers, drones, D.N.A amongst many other processes. The U.S Circuit Court of Appeal gave credit to this method as essential in evaluating admissibility of expert witnesses. There is the use of demonstrative evidence during the trials in criminal cases. Forensic scientists travel to the crime scene to collect the evidence as soon as the offence occurs. They then take the collected samples to a laboratory for further examination. The information gotten is essential in criminal and civil cases as it acts as an expert witness in testifying for or against in a court of law. Previous investigation. While any field in criminology could be forensic, certain sections have grown and developed to encompass forensic related issues exclusively. 2 FORENSIC SCIENCE 3 Forensic technology has been in use from the medieval, classical and reformation periods to the 21st century. Some of the previous investigations include; Use of fingerprints for identification of criminals. For example, in the United States, Dr. Henry P. (1902), used fingerprints to solve criminal cases. In 1905, the New York City Police Department Commissioner, Joseph Carrot, introduced the fingerprinting forensics to the U.S court. The use of D.N.A is an ideal way to get evidence and to identify individuals and to tell the individuals apart. For example, in 1985, a 15-year-old woman was raped in Carlton Hayes Hospital. The police were not able to find any suspect though they found and obtained a semen sample. Existing cases. Laser scanners and drones are used extensively. They help obtain a 3D examination of crime scenes. This helps in the reconstruction of an accident or crime scenes. For instance, in highway accidents that just happened, this method can be used though not very accurate but it can be used to digitally preserve the information for long. Art forensics can also be used to detect and identify forgery and copying of materials. Criminalistics can also be used to examine biological evidence such as fingerprints and footwear impressions. Furthermore, digital forensics can help recover information from electronic and digital media. Theoretical framework This methodology is possible when the prosecution or the defense team presents a case before public individuals probably in a forum. The two sides give speeches based 3 FORENSIC SCIENCE 4 on their side of the story concerning the crime and the judgment is made in favour of the best argument. The best argument forms the legal evidence through the public presentation. Previous research. There has an increasing use of logic and procedural techniques in evaluating criminal cases. In 1784, John Toms was convicted of murder with a pistol. When the dead body of the victim was examined, a pistol was found that matched a piece of newspaper found in John's pocket thus the conviction. In 1816, a farm labourer was convicted of murder by drowning a woman. Police found footprints on a cloth near the crime scene and some scattered grains that corresponded to the impression around the pool where the woman was assaulted. Psychological theory There are various reasons as to why people commit crimes (Cooklin, 2007). The key explanation is based on psychological theories. These theories focus on intelligence, learning, personality, and criminal behavior and they offer a great insight as to why and individual may commit a crime, (Schmalleger, 2008). They include the psychodynamic, behavioral and the cognitive theories. The psychodynamic theory would help most in forensics. It involves the notion that a person's childhood experience influences his or her possibility of committing a crime in future. This theory was coined by Sigmund Freud (1856-1839). He suggested that criminal offenders are frustrated and they are constantly drawn to their past experiences. 4 FORENSIC SCIENCE 5 Rationale There was inadequate and a standardized approach to criminal cases. This helped criminals to escape punishment. In early days, criminal confessions mainly relied on forced testimonies. Forensics has helped protect evidence in the examining processes. Forensics has encouraged the use of more verifiable materials such as the use of antiseptic and to reappear the hidden injury from dead bodies, how to calculate death period, how to examine different reasons for death from dead bodies etc. This information is essential in ensuring accurate trials and conviction. I would recommend the use of scientific forensics in solving criminal cases such as the use of litigation science. Use of finger prints, D.N.A, laser scanners, drones, art forensics, criminalistics and digital forensics are all essential in ensuring effective and efficient criminal procedures. 5 FORENSIC SCIENCE 6 References Haag, M. (2011). Shooting Incident Reconstruction: 2nd Edition. New York: Academic Press. 6 FORENSIC SCIENCE 7 Holt, C. (2006). Guide to Information Sources in the Forensic Sciences. Libraries Unlimited. Kind, S. (1972). Science Against Crime. 7 ETHICS AND DIVERSITY 1 Ethics and diversity Introduction A forensic psychologist is an individual who is trained to put into practice the principles of psychology in the system of justice. They are used in ascertaining criminal trials that determine whether the defendant mental status is in line with the mandatory legal standards. In this scenario where the defendant Mr. Davis who was convicted of crime which was considered wanton, atrocious, and handled cruelly and also the other aggravating circumstance is that there are high chances that he will commit the same crime in future. Based on the scenario, as an assistance forensic psychologist am to prepare a testimony that would be in support of the defense attorney position in regards to Mr. Davis competence, emotional stability during the doing of the crime. Also, the ability of the defendant to understand fully the penalty linked to his sentence. Role of Ethics Forensic psychologist’s Ethical Implications or Ramifications In this scenario, there is a significant role that is relative to the probable ramifications or ethical implications, and they include, and it is Competency to Stand Trial. By the Ethical Principles of Psychologists and Code of Conduct in the competency section the number 2.02 principle which suggests that a forensic psychologist should provide services in emergencies and 2.03 policy which talks about maintain competence. In Mr. Davis case, emergencies services will be provided to ensure that legal services are not denied. That is, though Mr. Davis committed the atrocious murder, it should be noted that he was not on his right mind in. Mr. ETHICS AND DIVERSITY 2 Davis was not under medication, and he missed most of his drugs which lead to hallucinations. These hallucinations made him feel insecure so he might have acted in line of defense after the attack on the previous night. As assistant to forensic is one's duty to distinguish and examine the potential impairments and to involve the experts in addressing the case (American Psychological Association, 2002) Potential Risk Though as an assistant to the forensic psychologist primary role is to hold competency of Mr. Davis stand trial, there are likely risks that are involved. One of the main dangers entails is public safety. Though Mr. Davis seems to be recovering during the test, the defendant might be left free and skip his medications again. This will lead to development hallucinations back which might be the risk to the public and the individual might harm other people in the name of them being spies again. Not only will Mr. Davis be a risk to the public but to himself too, he might decide to opt for an option of suicide to end his miseries once and for all (John, n.d). Recommended Course of Action In the scenario, like this where insanity was drawn in, the approved course of action concerning the criminal is rather than the considering the crime in operation, which was performed when Mr. Davis was mentally ill the court should at least learn from administrative tribunals more. Mr. Davis committed his offense when he was insane. Therefore, it can be considered that Mr. Davis was legally insane in the duration of committing the said violent act. To which extent the individual was not sure of what correctly he was doing at that time. To Mr. Davis, it was all in self-defensive, and he did not know at that time that whatever he was doing ETHICS AND DIVERSITY 3 was wrong. Thus, the individual should be found not guilty because of insanity, and therefore he should be subjected commitment and treatment which should be under the provisions of mental health. Implications of Diversity Delivery of Forensic-Related Services Delivery of Forensic-related services in such a scenario includes understanding the collision of deprivation on Mr. Davis and recognizing the importance of restoring his identity. Mr. Davis is an immigrant for a couple of years and also recording a history of psychiatric hospitalizations, and it would be proper that Mr. Davis actions might be due to the life he is leaving. He was under medications, but he stopped taking his medicine which leads to hallucinations, and also him being an immigrant he might be in is the impression that their people out there to harm him, so all this must be an act of defense and also he was insane when he did all that. These socio-cultural environmental issues may have been the influence to how Mr. Davis was acting in his life, thus committing murder. As an assistant of a forensic psychologist, it is essential if one has the know-how of how to meet the psychological, social and the physical health which is based n occupational needs when providing the service. Mr. Davis was undergoing through a lot when he acted. It is also important to recognize and understand legislation impact on delivering the sentencing phase. In this case, if the individuals are convicted of murder it will be hard for him to get the special treatment and care he deserves as a challenged mental individual while in prison. This will make ETHICS AND DIVERSITY 4 things even worse whereby he will be a victim of being victimized, or be the danger to the other inmates and also himself. Recommendation In taking up the role of an assist forensic psychologist some of the advisable solutions to the court in Mr. Davis Scenario would be to balance Mr. Davis skills development with the attention to risk factors and boundaries should be placed upon Mr. Davis. Such restrictions include, not having access to any sharp objects or anything that would be used as a weapon by the individual, nonetheless, commitment activities and occupations which are designed for a long-term welfare and satisfaction of life for Mr. Davis. Steps for Cultural Competency 1. Prepare and send the proper case file materials to court. The materials will include the information about Mr. Davis life, where he is an immigrant who has been undergoing several treats mental on mental illness. Also, include that when the act was performed he was not under medications and that might have resulted to how to his action. Mr. Davis was not aware of his doings at the time. 2. Provide further information that the reason Mr. Davis act was because he was not under medication thus under hallucination which pushed him to act so. Also, it should be noted that Mr. Davis had attacked the teenager due to the previous experience he had with the teenagers of the last night who struck him. 3. The legal outcome, whereby Mr. Davis should not be charged with murder since he was not in his right mind when attacked the teenagers. ETHICS AND DIVERSITY 5 4. Follow-up and final comments for Mr. Davis case, whereby one recommends that the individual should be assigned proper medical treatment and should always be under twenty-four surveillances to ensure he does not access any object that could be used as a weapon, and also he takes his medications (Tseng, Matthew, & Elwyn, n.d). ETHICS AND DIVERSITY 6 References Tseng, W., Matthews, D., & Elwyn. T. S. (n.d). Cultural Competence in Forensic Mental Health: A Guide for Psychiatrists ... Retrieved from https://books.google.co.ke/books?id=YriTAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA195&lpg=PA195&dq=St eps+of+cultural+compentency+of+a+foresincic+pyschologist&source=bl&ots=OJvzbLJf Z7&sig=X8kRyjfIZHBw0gU4gUnWc0gNYXI&hl=en&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage &q=Steps%20of%20cultural%20compentency%20of%20a%20foresincic%20pyschologi st&f=false John J. Broderick (n.d). Role of the Psychiatrist and Psychiatric Testimony in Civil and Criminal Trials, 35 Notre Dame L. Rev.508 (1960). Retrieved from http://scholarship.law.nd.edu/ndlr/vol35/iss4/2 American Psychological Association. (2002). Ethical Principles of Psychologists and code of conduct. Retrieved from https://www.apa.org/ethics/code/principles.pdf Final Product Rubric Guidelines for Submission: Students should submit a well-developed case analysis that outlines effective approaches and strategies that will help you appropriately serve the client(s) on the case, while also making sound recommendations to the court. The paper should be 9–13 pages long and include at least 5–7 references of peer-reviewed scholarly research, using APA format. This activity uses an integrated rubric in Blackboard. Students can view instructor feedback in the Grade Center. For more information, review these instructions. Instructor Feedback: Students can find their feedback in the Grade Center. Critical Elements Introduction Exemplary (100%) Meets “Proficient” criteria and uses concrete examples to substantiate claims or describe the case Scientific Meets “Proficient” criteria and Methodology: Specific uses scholarly research to to the Scenario contextualize the application of scientific method(s) specific to the case Theoretical Meets “Proficient” criteria and Framework: Evidence- evidence-based approaches are Based Approaches well-supported and worthy of implementation Theoretical Meets “Proficient” criteria and uses scholarly research to Framework: Psychological Theory contextualize the application of the psychological theory to the scenario Proficient (90%) Identifies the case scenario and includes an accurate and detailed overview of the key aspects of the case Evaluates the case scenario by applying appropriate scientific methodology(s) specific to the case Needs Improvement (70%) Identifies the case scenario and includes an overview, but key aspects of the case are not given or are not accurately detailed Evaluates the case scenario by applying scientific methodology(s) specific to the case, but application is not appropriate or lacks detail Applies previous research to Applies previous research to inform the development of inform the development of evidence-based approaches in evidence-based approaches, but providing effective services to the research does not speak to clients in the scenario providing effective services to the clients in the scenario, or discussion overlooks relevant factors Selects an appropriate Selects a psychological theory psychological theory and and provides a rationale to provides a rationale to support support the approach as it relates the approach as it relates to the to the scenario, but discussion scenario overlooks relevant factors or lacks detail Not Evident (0%) Identifies the case scenario, but an overview is not given Value 7 Does not evaluate the case scenario by applying scientific methodology(s) 7 Does not apply previous research to inform the implementation of evidence-based approaches 7 Does not select a psychological theory 7
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Outline
I.

Introduction

II.

Conclusion

III.

References


1

Running head: CASE ANALYSIS

Case Analysis
Student’s Name
Institutional Affiliation
Course
Date

2

CASE ANALYSIS

Introduction
Mr. Davis is a Muslim immigrant who moved to the country five years ago with a long history of
psychiatric hospitalization because he has paranoid schizophrenia. He believes that costumed
detectives have been directed to assassinate him. He also reports communication and facial
illusions when not subjected on the medication.
He served 45 days in jail or trespassing where he was put on anti-psychotic medications.
When he was released Mr. Davis went back to the streets and pardoned medication. Mr. Davis was
then beaten up by several youths until he was left on the ground with no possible injuries. Mr.
Davis had a common believe that the minor who had earlier beaten him up were sent to assault
him. Mr. Davis hid a pipe as a security for his life as he thought that several youths were planning
to kill him. At dawn he witnessed several juveniles who were dressed coming on his way and was
convinced they were the spies coming to kill him. He attacked the 12-year-old boy and struck him
in the head causing brain tumor, and his 14-year-old brother, who managed to get away after
suffering a blow to the face. He then went back and bludgeoned the 12-year-old to death. When
the police arrived, he was still hitting the lifeless body. He announced unfit to face trial and was
hospitalized for several months, after which he was announced fit for trial and was sentenced on
capital murder account.
The reduction factors that the forensic psychologist would address here are that the accused
was under extreme mental distress. He had a psychiatric history as depicted from the
hospitalization verdict of paranoid schizophrenia and stopped his medicine after his release from
jail. He was attacked by youths who bet him profusely which aggravated his distress. The uniform
on the boys may also have triggered his hallucinations. He continued to beat the boy’s lifeless
body showing that he did not understand the wrongfulness of his acts. Which is an indication that

CASE ANALYSIS

3

he was in a different state of mind and unaware of his acts? Another indication was the fact that
he did not run away from the police, but instead dropped the pipe sat and subdued. This implies
that he did not feel guilty and therefore did not recognize his actions as wrong. Mr. Davis was
treated for eight months after which he was found competent to face trial. He was not supposed to
face trial after this treatment. He instead should be committed to a psychiatric hospital and put on
medication as he’s a sick man, not a criminal. In many cases where a potential mental illness is
present, it is overlooked depending on the severity of the delinquency. As per Mr. Davis case, the
law court needs to look at this evidence and consider the recommendation as he has no history of
serious criminal activity. This could have been a turning point in the case because it could have
been proven to be a mental break which resulted in the crime committed. The court decided that it
was best for him to be behind bars instead of transferring him to a facility where he can receive
the appropriate help. In jail, he will not receive the help that is needed and will not help his mental
state.
In the case of Ford v Wainwright, suitor was sentenced of assassination in a Florida state
court and convicted to death (Law, 2006). A viable evidence that he was unfit at the time of doing
the criminal act, or at the conviction was absent. Subsequently, he manifested...


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