Description
The Final Research Paper must be developed using one of the methodologies listed here.
In that final Research Paper: Incorporate those following |
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Final Research Paper Due (Pick one of the three options) and see the full requirements in the Assignment Map: |
Final Research Paper Demonstrate those:
- An understanding of the organizational structure of our current social justice system including law enforcement, corrections, courts, probation, and social service agencies.
- Knowledge of how to initiate and maintain programs designed to ease the communication, work distribution, and cooperative output for any of the agencies that comprise the social justice system (e.g. unions for police officers, administration policy for prison officials, etc.).
- The ability to do scholarly research. Students will locate, identify, and use peer-reviewed printed and electronic periodical, as well as printed and electronic books.
Final Research Paper (Final Paper)
Instructions: Final Research Paper must be at least ten (10) pages in length in addition to a Title Page, Abstract, Table of Contents, and Reference Page.
The Final Research Paper must include at least twenty (20) or more Academic References/sources.
Reference
REQUIRED Links
Peak, Kenneth J. (2016) Justice Administration (8th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education - Prentice Hall
Textbook Web link: https://www.pearson.com/us/higher-education/program/Peak-Justice-Administration-Police-Courts-and-Corrections-Management-8th-Edition/PGM153598.html
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Running Head: SOCIAL JUSTICE ROLE OF THE POLICE IN SOCIETY
Social Justice Role of the Police in Society
Author’s Name
Institutional Affiliation
Date
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SOCIAL JUSTICE ROLE OF THE POLICE IN SOCIETY
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Contents
Social Justice Role of the Police in Society ............................................................................................... 3
Abstract........................................................................................................................................................ 3
Types of police ............................................................................................................................................. 4
Roles of Police.............................................................................................................................................. 5
Criminal theories explaining Delinquency and Criminal behavior........................................................ 7
US Criminal Justice System as a unitary authority ............................................................................... 10
Conclusion ................................................................................................................................................. 11
SOCIAL JUSTICE ROLE OF THE POLICE IN SOCIETY
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Social Justice Role of the Police in Society
Abstract
The paper is addressing the role of the US police in the administration of social justice.
The US police have a long history in the US and its establishment is dated back to the colonial
America. Since its establishment the police has transformed and today it is a professional body.
However, the paper would also address how the police work with the US criminal justice system,
because the police alone is unable to administer any justice without the courts and corrections
facilities. Besides, the paper would also explain using criminology theories to why people
commit crime and what role the community has in helping the police build a society with
minimal crime rates.
The police is a central component of a justice system and it has a long history. In the US
the history of police is dated back to the colonial period. According to the article of (Waxman,
2017), during the colonial America, policing was informal and it was profit-motivated, funded
privately and people were employment on part-time basis. Also, the police was organized in
form of night watch. In towns generally people were hired to offer security, as people engaged in
prostitution or gambling. Most importantly, it is documented that in 1636 Boston had police, and
later New York received its first police in 1658, while Philadelphia created it in 1700. Also,
significant to underscore is that at the initial stage of introduction of policing, it was informal,
and it was organized in terms of watchmen, who to some large extent were ineffective.
Further reference to Waxman, (2017) article indicates that the rapid urbanization in
America rendered the night-watch system ineffective. Resultantly, people were hired on full-time
basis to offer security during the day and also during the night. Ideally, the US police started in
an informal way, and later as civilization picked up in America after the colonial master left, the
SOCIAL JUSTICE ROLE OF THE POLICE IN SOCIETY
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police was formalized. Hence, the police in United States can be described to be as old as the
US, despite being a unit that was introduced during the colonial America. However, today the
police play a crucial role in the administration of justice, and it is one of the sub-systems of the
justice system. The police is therefore an inseparable unit of the justice system.
Types of police
It is already apparent that police office offer security to property and life, and that is the
reason the colonial masters required them to protect them during gambling and prostitution. The
police have a role to protect people against elements that can cause property loss and life. Social
justice requires that other people respect the lives and properties of others. It is on this premise
that the police operate to ensure that those who endanger life or even cause property loss are
arrested and subjected to the courts system for administration of justice (Greene, 2014). With the
role of protecting property, life and administration justice, the US has divided its police to
several units to make them more effective and efficient. Due to the plethora roles played by the
police in any working democracy, and also dictatorships, a police officer cannot play a multiple
of roles. As a result the US has several units of the police.
Federal police is run, managed and controlled by the federal government. This type of the
police has a federal authority to perform various roles, especially at federal level. The major role
of the federal police is to enforce federal laws and other regulations across the US states (Greene,
2014). FBI is an example of the federal police and they operate in all states and their funding
directly comes from the federal government.
SOCIAL JUSTICE ROLE OF THE POLICE IN SOCIETY
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State -The state type of police is under the state governments, and they enforce the laws
of the state government. The state police patrol and carry out investigations in their state and
therefore their roles are confined usually to a state.
County police-they exist in metropolitan counties, but most fundamentally they have
countywide jurisdiction to carry out their roles. The sheriff’s department is one example, but in
some counties there are not county police.
Roles of Police
In the administration of justice police are tasked with investigation. Cops have to carry
out investigations before they hand over a suspect to the courts system. When a suspect is
arrested, definitely they have to be handed over to the courts system, where the case can be heard
and determined (Greene, 2014). However, the hearing and determination of the case is heavily
dependent on the investigations carried out. Fortunately, the US FBI is professional in the sense
that they have enough expertise to conduct thorough investigation into any nature of crime. It is
the evidence presented to the courts that will then determine the fate of a case. In the
investigation also the police are restrained from filing false evidence, because that will be an
injustice to the suspect.
Arresting offender or lawbreakers is a major role for the police in the administration of
justice. For justice to be served or administered, then an arrest should be made. If the arrest is
made, with the evidence available to the police they will have to take such suspect to court
(Raschig, 2017). There are lawbreakers everyday in the United State whether on the roads or
even robberies, and also those offenders or criminals are not supposed to roam in the society
freely. It is the duty of the police to make sure that the rogues members of the society are
arrested to the keep other members of the public safe (Wolfe, & Nix, 2016). Hence, arresting is
SOCIAL JUSTICE ROLE OF THE POLICE IN SOCIETY
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another key role for the police and it is the one that initiates one’s journey in the criminal justice
system.
Community involvement is another key role of the police. Justice is not just served by
arresting people and taking them to court for prosecution. The police get in touch with the
community and engage in service delivery like they have to talk the community programs (Gill,
et al, 2014). They have to work the community to see what is ailing it and report to other law
enforcement agencies for a corrective action to be taken. The police commit themselves to
deliver speeches in schools and other social place where they educate people on their civic duties
and avoid situations that can get them on the wrong way of the law. Furthermore, the police
educate communities on handling emergency situation to prevent crime from happening. In
addition, the police work with communities to prevent drug use in the community. Ideally, the
justice system requires that the police work closely with the community, because criminal
elements come from communities. When cops work with communities they teach values that can
be important to parents’ role in upbringing their children. Therefore, to gain support from the
community in terms of law enforcement the police have to work closely with its members and
engage in community programs that will help the citizens know the value of complying with the
laws.
Tugend, (2016) in his article in New York Times notes that the role of police is causing
jitters in some communities, because there is a feeling that the police are no longer administering
justice. According to the feeling of poorer areas especially dominated by African-Americans the
police are brutal and they treat them inhumanely. Also, the shooting of the police and other
African Americans have made the role of police in the justice system appear meaningless and
undefined. But generally, the wrong perception that the poli...