Unit II JournalWeight: 2% of course gradeGrading RubricInstructionsIn our first unit, we learned about chemical redox reactions that take place in the environment and that often create outdoor air pollution. In our reading, we were introduced to the term sink.What is the significance of an atmospheric chemical sink—specifically when studying methods to engineer outdoor air quality? How would you explain this in layman’s terms to a company hiring you to help with the permitting process for a new facility?Your journal entry must be at least 200 words in length. No references or citations are necessary.Unit II Mini ProjectWeight: 10% of course gradeGrading RubricInstructionsOver the course of the next six units, you will be developing a course project. You will complete a single section of the course project in every unit by completing one section of the course project, and then you will add to it with the subsequent work in the following unit. This unit work will be in the form of unit mini projects.Our course project will be to develop a document titled “A Permit by Rule (PBR) Evaluation for a Painting Operation” and will serve as a simulation of our work as a contract environmental engineer to an industrial organization planning a painting operation within the United States.The Scenario:You have contracted with an industrial organization to engineer and write a state air Permit by Rule (PBR) evaluation for a painting operation facility. According to the local state laws and U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) laws, the facility must have an air permit before construction begins. Once the facility is completed, the construction air permit will then become the operational air permit for the facility.As a result, your client wants the air permit to automatically align the painting operation facility into operational compliance with state and federal air quality laws. Consequently, it is extremely important for you to evaluate the planned painting operation against the PBR requirements in order to meet the air permit criteria, using the state guidance document and considering the equipment and chemicals already planned for the facility operations.You have tabulated the following information from what you have gleaned from the material SDS documents and equipment technical data sheets plan (depending on your scenario selection, each “unit” represents a single aircraft, rail tank car, or vehicle):Interior Liner Coating Material10 gallons coating/unit2 gallons of solvent/unitUnit Lining ApplicationApply interior liners to two (2) units/dayWork five (5) hours/day and four (4) days/weekUnit Lining CuringCure interior liners of two (2) units/dayWork five (5) hours/day and four (4) days/weekInterior Liner CureHeater fuel source is natural gas-fired drying ovenHeater generates 2.1 million (MM) Btu/hr at maximum 2,500 hrs/yearUnit Lining DesignCross-draft air plenumUnit interior is the spray areaExhaust Fan10,000 ft3/min (CFM)1 exhaust fanAir Makeup Unit5760 ft3/min (CFM)1 air makeup systemFilter Openings20.0 ft2 eachTwo (2) filter openingsCoating WVVOC content2.8 lb/gal coatingCoating VMCoating volume1.0 galWater ContentPer gal/coating1.0 lb/galWater DensityPer gal/water8.34 lb/galCoating VWWater volumeCalculationExempt-solvent ContentPer gal/coating0.5 lb/galExempt-solvent DensityPer gal/exempt solvent6.64 lb/galCoating VesExempt solvent volumeCalculationAdditionally, your state’s department of environmental quality (DEQ) has provided you the following PBR limits:Potential to Emit (PTE)100 tons VOC/yearFace Velocity100 ft/minFilter Velocity250 ft/minVOC/5-hour period6.0 lbs/hrShort-term Emissions1.0 lbs/hrLong-term Emissions1.0 tons/yrFrom your first visit with your client, these are your notes and process flow sketch reflecting the intended operational design:The client has designed an interior coating spray painting system that allows the interior of each unit to be coated.The operations will involve a stripped-down unit being brought into the facility’s shop.The shop is a steel building with a finished concrete floor and a paint booth for each unit.The unit will be placed in the spray booth.The booth will be opened at one end of the booth for makeup air.The exhaust air will flow through an exhaust chamber at the other end of the unit.For each unit, once the liner application operations are completed, the forced curing (drying) operations will immediately commence.Instructions:Closely read the required reading assignment from the textbook and the unit lesson within the study guide, and consider reading the suggested reading.Select the PBR evaluation document to be for only one of the following: (a) an aircraft manufacturing exterior coating paint booth, (b) a rail tank car interior lining process, or (c) a vehicle exterior coating paint booth. You will continue with this scenario selection for the remaining six units, to complete the entire document.Using APA style (title page, abstract page, body with level 1 headings, and a reference page) for a research paper, begin drafting a PBR evaluation document. You will add to this document in every subsequent unit with another prescribed level 1 heading, building out the entire document one section at a time.Make your Unit II work the first level 1 heading (center, bold) titled “General Considerations for Operation,” and describe the scenario that is presented above, while specifically describing the scenario that you selected (aircraft, tank car, or vehicle). While describing your scenario, you must include the environmental, health, and safety (EHS) implications of the work system while pulling from the textbook as well as any other relevant sources that are presented in the unit lesson in the study guide. In your description of the EHS implications of the system, be sure to discuss the natural and anthropomorphic variables causally related to outdoor air pollution. You are required to describe the scenario in at least 200 words (minimum). You may find it convenient to summarize the tabulated information in your General Considerations section of the permit for future reference throughout the rest of the course, but do not attempt to tabulate the information in the exact order as what is presented here (to avoid a high match in SafeAssign).Also under the first level 1 heading, present a box and line process flow diagram (PFD) drawing of the selected scenario. See the drawing on page 375 of the textbook as an additional example of a PFD if you need assistance understanding how to draw one; do not draw the same system that is provided on that page. Do not hand-draw this, but use the “insert” and “shapes” features within Microsoft Word to construct the PFD. Simple labeled boxes and lines are adequate for this preliminary work, so it is not necessary to present specific shapes in your PFD for your selected scenario.In your abstract section (page 2 of the document), write one or two sentences that reflect your work for this unit. We will be adding one sentence per unit to reflect our work as we go, with the final abstract length being about 8 to 10 sentences long.In following units (Units III through VII), the unit lessons will contain information related to the interior surface coating operation by means of practical mathematical calculation examples. Consequently, it is imperative that you read the unit lessons within the study guide in every unit, use the math calculation examples provided in each unit lesson, and consider the current (as well as previous) material from the textbook and the additional information cited and referenced in the study guide for every unit. This project will serve as a comprehensive demonstration of your applied learning of engineering air quality.Your completed mini project should be a minimum of one page, not counting the title page, abstract page, and reference page. You are required to use at least one outside source, which may be your textbook. All sources used, including the textbook, must be referenced; paraphrased and quoted material must have accompanying APA citations.

Please read the attached pdf containing two articles on CRISPR and answer the following questions. The questions should be typed, in your own words1. What is the CRISPR technology and why does it seem so promising?2. What natural process was it adapted from? 3. Explain CRISPR RNA and cas 9. (In other words, what are they? Be specific) 4. How is CRISPR used as a gene editing tool and how do you ensure that it targets the proper location?5. What ethical issues do you think this will raise moving forward?6. What are your thoughts on this technology? (Please note you will not be graded for your opinion rather that you explain your thought process/reasoning)