Shot answer item 1. Who was the first Prime minister of Canada? Columbus landed in this country in the year_______. 2. ________ Consists primarily of ___________ and ___________. 3. ________ is the measure of central tendency that is most affected by extremely high or low scores. 4. Teachers’ salaries should not be based their students’ test scores. Do you agree or disagree? Explain. _______________ All the questions are incomplete statement. Question one the blank is in the end. In the question two, there are many blanks. In the question three the blank is in the beginning. the length in blanks is not equal in the question 4. 2. Incomplete Statements Example The technical name for shortsightedness is __________________. 1. Remove only one or two key words from incomplete statements. **Avoid “Swiss Cheese” items. Poor Example: __________ is __________ but not sufficient for __________. . Place blanks near the end of the statement for incomplete statements and at the right margin for direct questions. Putting the blank at the end makes the item clearer (less ambiguous). It also saves your time (and vision) during grading. POOR Example: Warm-blooded animals, called _______________, are born alive and suckle their young. 3. Write items that direct the student to the one correct and concise answer. If your item is poorly worded, vague or ambiguous, students will project meaning into the question and possibly misinterpret it. POOR Examples: An animal that eats the flesh of other animals is ______________. (hungry?) John Glen first orbited the Earth in _______________. (a spaceship?) Essay Items Poor Example: What does Newton’s third law have to say about the bounce of a rubber ball? More Poor Essay Items: *Actual questions from unidentified campuses across the country. *HISTORY: Describe the history of the papacy from its origins to the present day, concentrating especially, but not exclusively, on its social, political, economic, religious, and philosophical aspects and impact on Europe, Asia, America, and Africa. Be brief, concise, and specific. *EDUCATION: Develop a foolproof and inexpensive system of education that will meet the needs of all segments of society. Convince both the faculty and the rioting students outside to accept it. *EPISTEMOLOGY: Take a position for or against truth. Prove the validity of your position. *GENERAL KNOWLEDGE: Describe in detail your general knowledge. Be objective and specific. 4. Indicate an appropriate time limit for each question. a. Specify a length for the desired response b. Tell the point value of the item c. Suggest how long it should take. 5. Don’t give optional questions Students answering different questions are taking different tests (validity) 6. Judge an item’s quality by composing a model response. II. Developing Scoring Procedures Writing the essay item is relatively simple compared to scoring the item. A. Two methods for scoring constructed responses 1. Holistic Scoring: sort students’ responses into categories by quality. The categories may be point based or simply pass/fail (all or no points) The best use of this method is pass/fail and for no more than 5 points. You only want to know, in general, has the student achieved this objective. Not focused on detailed or complex information. Appropriate for short-answer items and as a component of more complex rubrics. a. Establish the scoring categories you will use Pass/Fail, Good/Average/Poor, all points or no points b. Characterize a response that fits each category What characteristics should a response in each category have? response. c. Read each response and form an overall general impression Don’t belabor the issue; look for the overall gist of the d. Sort the responses into the designated categories e. Reread the papers and re-categorize as needed f. Assign the same score to all papers within a category Constructed- Response Essay Item 1. The question is very clear regarding the extensiveness of the response desired. 2. The question is constructed to be explicitly described by the students. 3. The time is provided, which is 40 minutes and also students have to write at least 250 words. 4. There is no other option. 5. There is no percussively judge, not mentally or writing a possible response.
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