Final Argument Paper

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This final assignment is designed to involve all of the main skills that you have learned during this course. In particular, your paper should demonstrate the ability to construct a deductively valid or inductively strong argument, clearly and accurately explain your reasoning, use high-quality academic sources to support the premises of your argument, fairly and honestly evaluate contrary arguments and objections, and identify fallacies and biases that occur within the arguments or objections presented.

You will continue to build on the arguments that you are presented in your previous two papers. In particular,, you will present a final improved version of your argument for your thesis that you begin for the Week One Assignment and fully address the objection that you developed for your Week Three Assignment. You will need to research a minimum of three scholarly sources from the Ashford University Library. (For further information about discovering and including scholarly research, take a look at the Help! Need Article tutorial (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site. instructional resource.)

Write: in your paper

  • Explain the topic you are addressing and your position on it. Provide a preview of your paper and a statement of your thesis in your opening paragraph. [Approximately 100 words]
  • Present your main argument for your thesis in standard form, with each premise and the conclusion on a separate line.Clearly indicate whether your argument is intended to be inductive or deductive. Follow up the presentation of your argument by clarifying the meaning of any premises that could use some explanation. [About 150 words]
    • If your argument is deductive, then it should be valid (in the strict logical sense of the word); if it is inductive, then it should be strong. Make sure to avoid committing logical fallacies within your argument (e.g., begging the question). Additionally, the premises should be true, to the best of your knowledge. If one of your premises has a pretty obvious counter-example, then you should either fix the argument so that it does not have this flaw, or later, in your paper (steps three through five) you should address the apparent counter-example (showing that it does not really refute the truth of your premise). Arguments that are not valid, not very strong, commit fallacies, or that have counter-examples that are not adequately addressed will not receive full credit.
  • Provide supporting evidence for the premises of your argument. [Approximately 350 words]
    • Pay special attention to those premises that could be seen as controversial. Evidence may include academic research sources, supporting arguments (arguments whose conclusions are premises of the main argument), or other ways of demonstrating the truth of those premises. This section should include at least one scholarly research source.
  • Explain a strongobjectionto your argument. [Approximately 250 words]
    • Study what people on the other side of this question think about your reasoning and present the best possible objection that someone could have to your argument. Do not commit the straw man fallacy here. Reference at least one scholarlyresearch source. See the “Practicing Effective Criticism” section of Chapter 9 of the course text for more information.
  • Defend your argument against the objection. [Approximately 200 words]
    • Once you have presented the objection, indicate clearly how you might respond to it. It is acceptable to admit that reasonable people might disagree with you or that there might be an area in which your argument could be further strengthened, but you should do your best to explain why your argument is sound or cogent despite the objections.
  • Provide an appropriate conclusion. [Approximately 75 words]



References to use for this assignment along with last paper references:

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Running Head: ROLE OF WHISTLEBLOWERS 1 Week 3: Counterargument Paper Milagro Connie Caballero PHI 103 Informal Logic Instructor: Kurt Mosser November 20, 2017 [no notes on this page] -1- Does one have an obligation to report wrongdoing by one’s employer, even when doing so? Will result in the loss of one’s job? Are whistleblower laws effective and necessary? Main argument Premise 1: the worker must report misconducts. Premise 2: Whistleblower laws aid in stopping offenses at the workstation. Premise 3: if the worker blows the whistle, they should not get fired from their job Premise 4: it is the duty of every person in the firm to report a scam irrespective of its effect on the boss. 1 Conclusion: personnel must report any infraction committed by their employer without any victimization. Counter argument 1. Conclusion: I don't think you've established a sufficiently "tight" connection between the premises and the conclusion [Kurt Mosser] Premise 1: the employees are not required to work against the organization by reporting any wrong-doing, especially to outside parties 2 Premise 2: Whistleblower laws only bring negativity to the organization leading to wastage of time Premise 3: if the employee blows whistle outside the organization, actions can be taken against them 2. wastage This is not the correct usage of this word. Consult a dictionary or see this Writing Center page for help with commonly confused words: http://writingcenter.ashford.ed u/commonly-confused-words [Kurt Mosser] 3 Premise 4: fraud should only be communicated to the top management so that measures should be taken against the perpetrators. -2- 3. fraud does this conflict with the second premise? [Kurt Mosser] ROLE OF WHISTLEBLOWERS 3 Conclusion: the employee should not expose the wrongdoings in the business as it creates loopholes in running the business. Thus whistleblowing should be limited. It should be reported to the relevant party within the organization (Goel, & Nelson, 2014). Premise 1 1 It should be the responsibility of all the employees to remain loyal to their organization. If any issues are affecting their performance, they should communicate it to the top management in a transparent manner. It is wrong for the employee to expose the problems in the organization 1. to remain loyal to their organization. regardless of what that organization might be doing? [Kurt Mosser] without following the right channel. Such actions affect the reputation of the company which might change the level of productivity. Exposing the weaknesses of the organization may make competitors take advantage of the situation to exploit the company (Goel, & Nelson, 2014). Premise 2 The adoption of Whistleblower laws creates more problems for the business than what the employee gains. It might also cause wastage of time as an employee may spend a lot of time trying to find negative information about the organization. This might affect the output of the 2 employee thus affecting the general performance of the business (Goel, & Nelson, 2014). Premise 3 The organization should come up with anti-whistleblower rules to prevent misuse of information acquired by such employees. Such laws can help the employees to create an ethical working environment for the others. It also ensures there is a full concentration in the workplace. If the employee has an issue concerning the running of the business, the best channel is determined so that they cannot escalate the matter. Whistleblowers affect the functioning of the business in a 2. The adoption of Whistleblower laws creates more problems for the business than what the employee gains. It might also cause wastage of time as an employee may spend a lot of time trying to find negative information about the organization. This might affect the output of the employee thus affecting the general performance of the business (Goel, & Nelson, 2014). a summary should not consist of direct quotes and/or close paraphrases [Kurt Mosser] 3 contrary manner (Goel, & Nelson, 2014). 3. 2014). try not to rely too much on a single source [Kurt Mosser] -3- Premise 4 Employees have the right to report frauds and other activities which affect the functioning of the 1 business to the top management. By creating such ethics in the business, the effects produced by whistleblowing are eliminated. Wastage of time is also eliminated as the employees report issues which affect their departments. Taking actions against whistleblowers in the business can ensure there is a full concentration in running the business. How the premises are connected with the conclusion The conclusion specifies that pressing issues should be communicated to the relevant person within the organization. This means that the organization should punish the employees who 1. Employees have the right to report frauds and other activities which affect the functioning of the business to the top management. Try reading your essay out loud. This technique can help you to eliminate awkward phrasing, repetition, and other errors. For additional assistance, use the Grammarly tool. See this Writing Center page for help with using Grammarly: http://writingcenter.ashford.ed u/grammarly [Kurt Mosser] expose the weaknesses of the business to external parties. If the employees go against this rule, actions should be taken against them to prevent creating a bad reputation of the organization. Thus, the conclusion states the need for the workers to report issues to the management instead of exposing it to third parties. The conclusion thus requires the employee to determine the needs of the organization first before taking such actions (CHANG, 2017). Primary points of disagreement If the organization takes action against employees who expose wrongdoing, they may base their 2 argument on that they did not follow the right channel. Meanwhile, the employee may feel that the organization should work in an ethical environment for efficient performance. On the other hand, creating whistleblowing rules helps in controlling the process in a bureaucratic manner. This means that the employee has the right to expose any wrong-doing as long as it within the provided rules. Also, the management may feel that it is not ethical for the employee to disclose the wrongdoing in the organization as it brings terrible reputation (CHANG, 2017). -4- 2. they may base their argument on that they did not follow the right channel. awkward [Kurt Mosser] ROLE OF WHISTLEBLOWERS 5 Best objection from the original argument The best objection to the original argument is the second premise. It states that the employees have the right to whistleblow every wrongdoing in the organization. By doing so, such employees ensure that all the workers are on track and they avoid making mistakes at all cost. There is always the fear of being reported if one is involved in unethical practices. Whistleblowers thus keep all the other employees on their toes by doing the right thing. The reason why this point is important is due to the role whistleblowers play in streamlining the functioning of the business. If such employees do not exist in the organization, some people may take advantage of the situation to swindle organization’s resources (Hardy, Foster, & Zúñiga, 2015). [no notes on this page] -5- Reference 1 CHANG, M. (2017). What to do when you see criminal behavior in a photonics business. Laser Focus World, 53(10), 60. 1. CHANG, These references need to be formatted consistently [Kurt Mosser] Goel, R. K., & Nelson, M. A. (2014). Whistleblower Laws and Exposed Corruption in the United States. Applied Economics, 46(19-21), 2331-2341. 2 Hardy, J., Foster, C., & Zúñiga y Postigo, G. (2015). With good reason: A guide to critical thinking [Electronic version]. Retrieved from https://content.ashford.edu/ -6- 2. With title: italicize or underline [Kurt Mosser] References to use for this assignment: • • • Raiskin, M., & Ferrell, S. J. (2015). The false claims act and whistleblower suits. Corporate Board, (211). 24. o http://search.ebscohost.com.proxylibrary.ashford.edu/login.aspx?direct=true&db=edsggo&AN=edsgcl.405168764&site=ed s-live Archambeault, D. S., & Webber, S. (2015). Whistleblowing 101. CPA Journal, 85(7), 60-64. o http://search.ebscohost.com.proxylibrary.ashford.edu/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bsh&AN=108524220&site=eds-live Martin, J. A., & Combs, J. G. (2011). Does It Take a Village to Raise a Whistleblower?. Academy Of Management Perspectives, 25(2), 83-85. doi:10.5465/AMP.2011.61020808 o http://search.ebscohost.com.proxylibrary.ashford.edu/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bsh&AN=61020808&site=eds-live
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Running Head: THE ROLE OF WHISTLEBLOWERS

Week 3: Counterargument Paper
Milagro Connie Caballero
PHI 103: Informal Logic
Instructor: Kurt Moser
November 20, 2017

1

COUNTERARGUEMENT

2
Introduction

It should protect an employee’s rights to raise the alarm to the responsible parties
regarding unethical working conditions provided by the employer. The employee should have
the right to express him or herself regarding any discontent by the employer's conduct without
fear of victimization or losing one's job. It should not be mandatory for the worker to follow a
particular channel within the organization but the choice is upon him or her to decide if he or she
wants external intervention because the employee might regard the internal channels as bias. The
thesis statement for this paper is, an employee is obliged to report any misconduct of the
employer, and however, threatening it may be to his or her job hence terming whistleblowers
useful and necessary in an organization.
Premise 1
The worker must report misconducts.
The employee should report any misconduct by the employer to the responsible party like the
defendants for employee welfare or to the organizations that ensure that the employees are
contented with their places of work.
Premise 2
Whistleblowers laws laid aid in stopping offenses at the workstations.
Having whistleblowers in an organization is very significant because it is a way to ensure there
are counterchecks on the employees. Whistleblowers laws should be enacted in everybody to
keep workers on toes.
Premise 3

COUNTERARGUEMENT

3

If the worker blows the whistle, they should not get fired from the job.
Workers should have the freedom to raise alarms on conditions at the workplace either for
internal and external intervention, and they should be protected from the fear of being victimized
or losing their jobs when they involve an outside interference.
Premise 4
It is the duty of every person in the organization to report any scam irrespective of its
effect on the boss.
Every employee in an organization or firm should be held liable for any scam ongoing in the
company regardless of the fraud is a product of the boss.
My argument is intended to be deductive my conclusion being; personnel must report any
infraction committed by their employer without any victimization.
Evidence to my Premises
Premise 1
According to the U.S Environmental Protection Agency, an employee is obliged to report
any unethical practice by the employer or report any misconduct by the management of the
organization at the place of work. An employee should contact an appropriate government entity
in the occurrence of any unethical practice by the employer; the worker can notify the U.S
Occupational Safety and Health Administration in the event of misconduct by the employer that
seems to place the worker's health at risk. Or report to Wage and Hour Division of the U.S
Department of labor when an employer does a wrong on anything relating to, minimum wage,
overtime pay or other violations of Fair Labor Standards Act. Events of bias working practices

COUNTERARGUEMENT

4

which may include sexual harassment or discriminated based on gender and other personal
factors that are not related to the job should be reported to the Equal Employment Opportunity
Commission (Goel, & Nelson, 2014).
Premise 2
Whistleblowers laws should be a significant component of the organizations. They must
be present to ensure loyalty and honesty amongst the employees are upheld. This enables the
employees to be dedicated to achieving the organization's missions and goals. A whistle-blowing
culture promotes transparency and ensures communication amongst the workers is clear and
compelling. Whistleblowing protects the firm's client from unethical practice of negligent
employees in the organization. By reporting this employee the business is saved from lawsuits
due to incompetence (Goel, & Nelson, 2014).
Premise 3
Firing a worker from a job because he or she raised the alarm over a colleague unethical
malpractices has adverse effects on the organization, the employee will be relaxed at the
workstation and won't drive by any force to uphold the firm's values that aim at attaining the
organization's missions. Having no counterchecks at the place of work won't keep the workers on
toes to ensure competence service, which might lead to the body finding itself in mishaps or
lawsuits that can defame the name of the firm (Goel, & Nelson, 2014).
Premises 4
It should be the employee's obligation to report any fraud cases by the organization
irrespective of who it concerns, whether the scam involves the boss or just the fellow employees.
This will be protecting the workers from any reparations the fraud will have on the body. In the

COUNTERARGUEMENT

5

event of the scam being detected by the authorities, the punishment may cover all, both the
actively affected and those around the fraudster. Reporting fraud cases save firms from losing
finances due to misappropriations. The outside world will have confidence in a business whose
employees uphold honesty to this ex of reporting a boss. Reporting the scam cases by the boss
boosts the company morale (Goel, & Nelson, 2014).
Objection to my argument
Premise 1
It should be the responsibility of all the employees to remain loyal to their organization.
If any issues are affecting their performance, they should communicate it to the top management
in a transparent manner. It is wrong for the employee to expose the problems in the organization
without following the right channel. Such actions affect the reputation of the company which
might change the level of productivity (CHANG, 2017).
Premise 2
The adoption of Whistleblower laws creates more problems for the business than what
the employee gains. It might also cause wastage of time as an employee may spend a lot of time
trying to find negative information about the organization. This might affect the output of the
employee thus affecting the general performance of the business.
Premise 3
The organization should come up with anti-whistleblower rules to prevent misuse of
information acquired by such employees. Such laws can help the employees to create an ethical
working environment for the others. It also ensures there is a full concentration in the workplace.

COUNTERARGUEMENT

6

If the employee has an issue concerning the running of the business, the best channel is
determined so that they cannot escalate the matter.
Premise 4
Employees have the right to report frauds and other activities which affect the
functioning of the business to the top management. By creating such ethics in the workplace, the
effects produce...


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