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MGF 1107 Conceptual Homework 1C 1.Draw a Venn diagram for the proposition. Label all regions of the diagram clearly a) No consonant letters are vowel letters b) Some students are not parents c) Dolphins are mammals. 2.There are 77 classrooms in a building, 50 classrooms have Multimedia system, 31 classrooms have a Smart Board system, and 13 classrooms have both Multimedia and Smart Board. a) Draw a Venn diagram to represent the given information. b) Do you need to make any changes to your Venn Diagram if there are 67 classrooms in the building? Explain your answer. MGF 1107 Conceptual Homework 1D 1. Create an example that illustrates each type of argument below: a) Inductive: b) Deductive: 2. Use Venn Diagrams to prove the validity of the arguments below. Be sure to label your variables and explain why the argument is valid or invalid. a) Premise: All chairs have four legs. Premise: An elephant has 4 legs. Conclusion: An elephant is a chair MGF 1107 b) Premise: No bananas have feathers. Premise: Bob isn’t a banana. Conclusion: Bob doesn’t have feathers. c) Premise: If the sky is grey, then it is raining. Premise: It is not raining. Conclusion: The sky is not grey. 3. Given the following premises, write a conclusion that will create a valid argument Premise 1: If my coffee is hot, then it is raining. Premise 2: If it is raining, then I am sitting in Starbucks. Premise 3: If I am sitting in Starbucks, then I am writing this example. Conclusion: 4. Do you feel that Venn Diagrams help you better understand why an argument is valid or invalid? Explain your answer. Conceptual Homework 1C MGF 1107 1.Draw a Venn diagram for the proposition. Label all regions of the diagram clearly d) No consonant letters are vowel letters e) Some students are not parents f) Dolphins are mammals. 2.There are 77 classrooms in a building, 50 classrooms have Multimedia system, 31 classrooms have a Smart Board system, and 13 classrooms have both Multimedia and Smart Board. c) Draw a Venn diagram to represent the given information. d) Do you need to make any changes to your Venn Diagram if there are 67 classrooms in the building? Explain your answer. Conceptual Homework 1D MGF 1107 5. Create an example that illustrates each type of argument below: c) Inductive: d) Deductive: 6. Use Venn Diagrams to prove the validity of the arguments below. Be sure to label your variables and explain why the argument is valid or invalid. d) Premise: All chairs have four legs. Premise: An elephant has 4 legs. Conclusion: An elephant is a chair e) Premise: No bananas have feathers. Premise: Bob isn’t a banana. MGF 1107 Conclusion: Bob doesn’t have feathers. f) Premise: If the sky is grey, then it is raining. Premise: It is not raining. Conclusion: The sky is not grey. 7. Given the following premises, write a conclusion that will create a valid argument Premise 1: If my coffee is hot, then it is raining. Premise 2: If it is raining, then I am sitting in Starbucks. Premise 3: If I am sitting in Starbucks, then I am writing this example. Conclusion: 8. Do you feel that Venn Diagrams help you better understand why an argument is valid or invalid? Explain your answer. Conceptual Homework 1C 1.Draw a Venn diagram for the proposition. Label all regions of the diagram clearly MGF 1107 g) No consonant letters are vowel letters h) Some students are not parents i) Dolphins are mammals. 2.There are 77 classrooms in a building, 50 classrooms have Multimedia system, 31 classrooms have a Smart Board system, and 13 classrooms have both Multimedia and Smart Board. e) Draw a Venn diagram to represent the given information. f) Do you need to make any changes to your Venn Diagram if there are 67 classrooms in the building? Explain your answer. Conceptual Homework 1D 9. Create an example that illustrates each type of argument below: MGF 1107 e) Inductive: f) Deductive: 10. Use Venn Diagrams to prove the validity of the arguments below. Be sure to label your variables and explain why the argument is valid or invalid. g) Premise: All chairs have four legs. Premise: An elephant has 4 legs. Conclusion: An elephant is a chair MGF 1107 h) Premise: No bananas have feathers. Premise: Bob isn’t a banana. Conclusion: Bob doesn’t have feathers. i) Premise: If the sky is grey, then it is raining. Premise: It is not raining. Conclusion: The sky is not grey. MGF 1107 11. Given the following premises, write a conclusion that will create a valid argument Premise 1: If my coffee is hot, then it is raining. Premise 2: If it is raining, then I am sitting in Starbucks. Premise 3: If I am sitting in Starbucks, then I am writing this example. Conclusion: 12. Do you feel that Venn Diagrams help you better understand why an argument is valid or invalid? Explain your answer. Conceptual Homework 1A 1. Create your own examples to illustrate following type of fallacy: a. Circular Reasoning - b. Appeal to emotion - MGF 1107 c. Hasty Generalization - d. Personal Attack - 2. How would you explain to someone who is not in the class the difference between the Straw Man Fallacy and the Personal Attack Fallacy. For each statement below, write the letter of the corresponding fallacy: a. Appeal to Ignorance b. Appeal to Popularity c. Straw Man MGF 1107 d. False Cause 3. "Every day, I eat cereal for breakfast. One time, I had a muffin instead, and there was a major earthquake in my city. I've eaten cereal ever since." _____ 4. “After Will said that we should put more money into health and education, Warren responded by saying that he was surprised that Will hates our country so much that he wants to leave it defenseless by cutting military spending.” _____ 5. “You can’t prove that there aren’t Martians living in caves under the surface of Mars, so it is reasonable for me to believe there are.” _____ 6. “Lots of people bought this album, so it must be good.” _____ 7. Why do you think that in real-life examples, you always have a combination of fallacies (as opposed to just one)? Conceptual Homework 2A/B You must show work to receive credit. 1) Bill gates makes approximately $12 billion a year. On average, how much does he make per minute? 2) A block occupies 0.2587 ft cubed. What is its volume in mm cubed? Show you work, be sure to use unit conversions. MGF 1107 3) Imagine that you are driving your car in Canada. As you are driving along, you notice that the speed limit signs have numbers like 120 (on the highway) and 50 (in the city). As you start to speed up, you realize that the signs are in km/hour. Unfortunately, your speedometer only reads in mi/hour. Figure out how fast you are allowed to go if the sign says 120 km/hr. 4) The average college dorm room measures 12 feet by 19 feet. a) Convert the measurements to inches. b) Convert the measurements to centimeters. c) Find the area of the floor in your room in square inches. MGF 1107 d) Find the area of the square feet. e) Find the area of the square yards. Conceptual Homework 2A/B You must show work to receive credit. 5) Bill gates makes approximately $12 billion a year. On average, how much does he make per minute? 6) A block occupies 0.2587 ft cubed. What is its volume in mm cubed? Show you work, be sure to use unit conversions. MGF 1107 7) Imagine that you are driving your car in Canada. As you are driving along, you notice that the speed limit signs have numbers like 120 (on the highway) and 50 (in the city). As you start to speed up, you realize that the signs are in km/hour. Unfortunately, your speedometer only reads in mi/hour. Figure out how fast you are allowed to go if the sign says 120 km/hr. 8) The average college dorm room measures 12 feet by 19 feet. f) Convert the measurements to inches. g) Convert the measurements to centimeters. h) Find the area of the floor in your room in square inches. MGF 1107 i) Find the area of the square feet. j) Find the area of the square yards. Conceptual Homework 4C Show work to receive credit. Suppose you just had your first child and you want to begin immediately putting away for his/her college tuition. Assume that college will cost a total of $160,000 for all 4 year combined and that your child will begin college at age 18. 1. How much will you need to put away each month at a rate of 4% in order to achieve that goal? 2. How much money will you have actually put into the account over the course of the 18 years? MGF 1107 3. How much did your investment actually earn you? 4. Do you think it was worthwhile to put the money into an investment account? Explain your answer. 1) Write down the Loan Formula here and list what all of the variables stand for. 2) What is the difference between a principal payment and an interest payment? MGF 1107 3) Which do you think is a more important factor when taking out a loan: monthly payments or total interest paid? Explain your answer. 4) Look at the chart in the middle of page 246, outlining the 2 different payment options (30 yr or 15 yr) for a $100,000 mortgage. a) Which has higher monthly payments? b) Which one ultimately pays more money to the bank? c) Do the answers to a and b conflict or make sense? Explain your answer. When you take out a mortgage, you end up paying the bank back more more at the end of the loan than you originally borrowed. Given this, do you think it is worthwhile to take out a mortgage? Why or why not? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sd6BxnZcqJw Suppose that you borrow $15,000 for a new car. You can select one of the following loans, each requiring regular monthly payments: Installment Loan A: three-year loan at 5.9% Installment Loan B: five-year loan at 6.9%. MGF 1107 1) Find the (a) monthly payments, (b) totally payback amount and (c) total interest for Loan A and Loan B. You must show work. Pre-Class Assignment 5A Read through section 5A in your book and answer the following questions. 1) In your own words, explain what ‘statistics’ means. 2) What is the difference between a population and a sample? Give an example of each (where they are part of the same data set) 3) List the 4 Common Sampling Methods with a brief explanation of each. a) b) c) MGF 1107 d) 4) In your own opinion, why do you think it is important to have a control group in a study? Suppose you want to know if there is any association between air pollution and chronic respiratory disease (at a specific time of the year, for example). 1) Think about how you would go about organizing such a statistical study. What steps would you have to take/what items would you need to include in order to get it off the ground? 2) In your statistical study what is the: • Population? • Parameter? • Sample? • Sample Statistics? 3) Given the 4 sampling methods that we have discussed, which one makes the most sense in your study? 4) Why did you choose this method? MGF 1107 5) Let’s say that polls show that 52% of voters plan to vote for Candidate A in the upcoming election with a margin of error of 5%. Can you safely predict that Candidate A will win the election? Explain your answer. Do you think it is possible to create a study where there really is no bias sampling done? How would you manage to create one? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=coPe51-WhY8#action=share 1) Explain what selection bias is and why you should take it into account when analyzing data. 2) Explain what participation bias is and why you should take it into account when analyzing data. MGF 1107 3) Explain what a variable of interest is in a statistical study and why it’s so important to determine what the variable of interest is. 4) Explain what a confounding variable is. 1) Should you trust that you will get a good deal in a store if you see a sign outside the store saying “EVERYTHING IN THE STORE IS up to 80%OFF” Support your conclusion with reasoning. 2) Explain why ‘Are you in favor of a longer lunch hour?’ is a misleading poll question. 3) What crucial information is missing from the following news statement that might make you view the results differently: A poll reveals that 77% of Americans say ‘Merry Christmas’ rather than ‘Happy Holidays’. 4) In 2013 a tobacco company purchased an e-cigarette (vaping) company and later did a study on how vaping was a much healthy alternative to smoking cigarettes and encouraged people who want to quit smoking to start vaping to help. MGF 1107 a) What type of study would have taken place, observational or experimental? Explain your answer. b) Would a blind study be needed? If so would it need a double blind or single blind? Explain your answer. c) How many groups would possibly be needed to do the study and what would they be considered, controlled or treated? d) Should you trust this experiment and why? 5) Should you trust that you will get a good deal in a store if you see a sign outside the store saying “EVERYTHING IN THE STORE IS up to 80%OFF” Support your conclusion with reasoning. 6) Explain why ‘Are you in favor of a longer lunch hour?’ is a misleading poll question. 7) What crucial information is missing from the following news statement that might make you view the results differently: A poll reveals that 77% of Americans say ‘Merry Christmas’ rather than ‘Happy Holidays’. 8) In 2013 a tobacco company purchased an e-cigarette (vaping) company and later did a study on how vaping was a much healthy alternative to smoking cigarettes and encouraged people who want to quit smoking to start vaping to help. MGF 1107 e) What type of study would have taken place, observational or experimental? Explain your answer. f) Would a blind study be needed? If so would it need a double blind or single blind? Explain your answer. g) How many groups would possibly be needed to do the study and what would they be considered, controlled or treated? h) Should you trust this experiment and why? Conceptual Homework 1C 1.Draw a Venn diagram for the proposition. Label all regions of the diagram clearly j) No consonant letters are vowel letters k) Some students are not parents l) Dolphins are mammals. MGF 1107 2.There are 77 classrooms in a building, 50 classrooms have Multimedia system, 31 classrooms have a Smart Board system, and 13 classrooms have both Multimedia and Smart Board. g) Draw a Venn diagram to represent the given information. h) Do you need to make any changes to your Venn Diagram if there are 67 classrooms in the building? Explain your answer. Conceptual Homework 1D 13. Create an example that illustrates each type of argument below: g) Inductive: h) Deductive: MGF 1107 14. Use Venn Diagrams to prove the validity of the arguments below. Be sure to label your variables and explain why the argument is valid or invalid. j) Premise: All chairs have four legs. Premise: An elephant has 4 legs. Conclusion: An elephant is a chair k) Premise: No bananas have feathers. Premise: Bob isn’t a banana. Conclusion: Bob doesn’t have feathers. l) Premise: If the sky is grey, then it is raining. Premise: It is not raining. Conclusion: The sky is not grey. MGF 1107 15. Given the following premises, write a conclusion that will create a valid argument Premise 1: If my coffee is hot, then it is raining. Premise 2: If it is raining, then I am sitting in Starbucks. Premise 3: If I am sitting in Starbucks, then I am writing this example. Conclusion: 16. Do you feel that Venn Diagrams help you better understand why an argument is valid or invalid? Explain your answer. Conceptual Homework 1C 1.Draw a Venn diagram for the proposition. Label all regions of the diagram clearly m) No consonant letters are vowel letters n) Some students are not parents o) Dolphins are mammals. MGF 1107 2.There are 77 classrooms in a building, 50 classrooms have Multimedia system, 31 classrooms have a Smart Board system, and 13 classrooms have both Multimedia and Smart Board. i) Draw a Venn diagram to represent the given information. j) Do you need to make any changes to your Venn Diagram if there are 67 classrooms in the building? Explain your answer. Conceptual Homework 1D 17. Create an example that illustrates each type of argument below: i) Inductive: j) Deductive: MGF 1107 18. Use Venn Diagrams to prove the validity of the arguments below. Be sure to label your variables and explain why the argument is valid or invalid. m) Premise: All chairs have four legs. Premise: An elephant has 4 legs. Conclusion: An elephant is a chair n) Premise: No bananas have feathers. Premise: Bob isn’t a banana. Conclusion: Bob doesn’t have feathers. o) Premise: If the sky is grey, then it is raining. Premise: It is not raining. Conclusion: The sky is not grey. MGF 1107 19. Given the following premises, write a conclusion that will create a valid argument Premise 1: If my coffee is hot, then it is raining. Premise 2: If it is raining, then I am sitting in Starbucks. Premise 3: If I am sitting in Starbucks, then I am writing this example. Conclusion: 20. Do you feel that Venn Diagrams help you better understand why an argument is valid or invalid? Explain your answer. Conceptual Homework 1C 1.Draw a Venn diagram for the proposition. Label all regions of the diagram clearly p) No consonant letters are vowel letters q) Some students are not parents r) Dolphins are mammals. MGF 1107 2.There are 77 classrooms in a building, 50 classrooms have Multimedia system, 31 classrooms have a Smart Board system, and 13 classrooms have both Multimedia and Smart Board. k) Draw a Venn diagram to represent the given information. l) Do you need to make any changes to your Venn Diagram if there are 67 classrooms in the building? Explain your answer. Conceptual Homework 1D 21. Create an example that illustrates each type of argument below: k) Inductive: l) Deductive: MGF 1107 22. Use Venn Diagrams to prove the validity of the arguments below. Be sure to label your variables and explain why the argument is valid or invalid. p) Premise: All chairs have four legs. Premise: An elephant has 4 legs. Conclusion: An elephant is a chair q) Premise: No bananas have feathers. Premise: Bob isn’t a banana. Conclusion: Bob doesn’t have feathers. MGF 1107 r) Premise: If the sky is grey, then it is raining. Premise: It is not raining. Conclusion: The sky is not grey. 23. Given the following premises, write a conclusion that will create a valid argument Premise 1: If my coffee is hot, then it is raining. Premise 2: If it is raining, then I am sitting in Starbucks. Premise 3: If I am sitting in Starbucks, then I am writing this example. Conclusion: MGF 1107 24. Do you feel that Venn Diagrams help you better understand why an argument is valid or invalid? Explain your answer. Conceptual Homework 1A 8. Create your own examples to illustrate following type of fallacy: e. Circular Reasoning - f. Appeal to emotion - g. Hasty Generalization - h. Personal Attack - MGF 1107 9. How would you explain to someone who is not in the class the difference between the Straw Man Fallacy and the Personal Attack Fallacy. For each statement below, write the letter of the corresponding fallacy: e. f. g. h. Appeal to Ignorance Appeal to Popularity Straw Man False Cause 10. "Every day, I eat cereal for breakfast. One time, I had a muffin instead, and there was a major earthquake in my city. I've eaten cereal ever since." _____ 11. “After Will said that we should put more money into health and education, Warren responded by saying that he was surprised that Will hates our country so much that he wants to leave it defenseless by cutting military spending.” _____ 12. “You can’t prove that there aren’t Martians living in caves under the surface of Mars, so it is reasonable for me to believe there are.” _____ 13. “Lots of people bought this album, so it must be good.” _____ MGF 1107 14. Why do you think that in real-life examples, you always have a combination of fallacies (as opposed to just one)? Conceptual Homework 2A/B You must show work to receive credit. 9) Bill gates makes approximately $12 billion a year. On average, how much does he make per minute? 10) A block occupies 0.2587 ft cubed. What is its volume in mm cubed? Show you work, be sure to use unit conversions. 11) Imagine that you are driving your car in Canada. As you are driving along, you notice that the speed limit signs have numbers like 120 (on the highway) and 50 (in the city). As you start to speed up, you realize that the signs are in km/hour. Unfortunately, your speedometer only reads in mi/hour. Figure out how fast you are allowed to go if the sign says 120 km/hr. MGF 1107 12) The average college dorm room measures 12 feet by 19 feet. k) Convert the measurements to inches. l) Convert the measurements to centimeters. m) Find the area of the floor in your room in square inches. n) Find the area of the square feet. o) Find the area of the square yards. Conceptual Homework 2A/B MGF 1107 You must show work to receive credit. 13) Bill gates makes approximately $12 billion a year. On average, how much does he make per minute? 14) A block occupies 0.2587 ft cubed. What is its volume in mm cubed? Show you work, be sure to use unit conversions. 15) Imagine that you are driving your car in Canada. As you are driving along, you notice that the speed limit signs have numbers like 120 (on the highway) and 50 (in the city). As you start to speed up, you realize that the signs are in km/hour. Unfortunately, your speedometer only reads in mi/hour. Figure out how fast you are allowed to go if the sign says 120 km/hr. 16) The average college dorm room measures 12 feet by 19 feet. p) Convert the measurements to inches. MGF 1107 q) Convert the measurements to centimeters. r) Find the area of the floor in your room in square inches. s) Find the area of the square feet. t) Find the area of the square yards. Conceptual Homework 4C Show work to receive credit. Suppose you just had your first child and you want to begin immediately putting away for his/her college tuition. Assume that college will cost a total of $160,000 for all 4 year combined and that your child will begin college at age 18. MGF 1107 5. How much will you need to put away each month at a rate of 4% in order to achieve that goal? 6. How much money will you have actually put into the account over the course of the 18 years? 7. How much did your investment actually earn you? 8. Do you think it was worthwhile to put the money into an investment account? Explain your answer. 5) Write down the Loan Formula here and list what all of the variables stand for. MGF 1107 6) What is the difference between a principal payment and an interest payment? 7) Which do you think is a more important factor when taking out a loan: monthly payments or total interest paid? Explain your answer. 8) Look at the chart in the middle of page 246, outlining the 2 different payment options (30 yr or 15 yr) for a $100,000 mortgage. d) Which has higher monthly payments? e) Which one ultimately pays more money to the bank? MGF 1107 f) Do the answers to a and b conflict or make sense? Explain your answer. When you take out a mortgage, you end up paying the bank back more more at the end of the loan than you originally borrowed. Given this, do you think it is worthwhile to take out a mortgage? Why or why not? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sd6BxnZcqJw Suppose that you borrow $15,000 for a new car. You can select one of the following loans, each requiring regular monthly payments: Installment Loan A: three-year loan at 5.9% Installment Loan B: five-year loan at 6.9%. 2) Find the (a) monthly payments, (b) totally payback amount and (c) total interest for Loan A and Loan B. You must show work. Pre-Class Assignment 5A Read through section 5A in your book and answer the following questions. 5) In your own words, explain what ‘statistics’ means. 6) What is the difference between a population and a sample? MGF 1107 Give an example of each (where they are part of the same data set) 7) List the 4 Common Sampling Methods with a brief explanation of each. a) b) c) d) 8) In your own opinion, why do you think it is important to have a control group in a study? Suppose you want to know if there is any association between air pollution and chronic respiratory disease (at a specific time of the year, for example). 6) Think about how you would go about organizing such a statistical study. What steps would you have to take/what items would you need to include in order to get it off the ground? MGF 1107 7) In your statistical study what is the: • Population? • Parameter? • Sample? • Sample Statistics? 8) Given the 4 sampling methods that we have discussed, which one makes the most sense in your study? 9) Why did you choose this method? 10) Let’s say that polls show that 52% of voters plan to vote for Candidate A in the upcoming election with a margin of error of 5%. Can you safely predict that Candidate A will win the election? Explain your answer. Do you think it is possible to create a study where there really is no bias sampling done? How would you manage to create one? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=coPe51-WhY8#action=share 5) Explain what selection bias is and why you should take it into account when analyzing data. MGF 1107 6) Explain what participation bias is and why you should take it into account when analyzing data. 7) Explain what a variable of interest is in a statistical study and why it’s so important to determine what the variable of interest is. 8) Explain what a confounding variable is. MGF 1107 9) Should you trust that you will get a good deal in a store if you see a sign outside the store saying “EVERYTHING IN THE STORE IS up to 80%OFF” Support your conclusion with reasoning. 10) Explain why ‘Are you in favor of a longer lunch hour?’ is a misleading poll question. 11) What crucial information is missing from the following news statement that might make you view the results differently: A poll reveals that 77% of Americans say ‘Merry Christmas’ rather than ‘Happy Holidays’. 12) In 2013 a tobacco company purchased an e-cigarette (vaping) company and later did a study on how vaping was a much healthy alternative to smoking cigarettes and encouraged people who want to quit smoking to start vaping to help. i) What type of study would have taken place, observational or experimental? Explain your answer. j) Would a blind study be needed? If so would it need a double blind or single blind? Explain your answer. k) How many groups would possibly be needed to do the study and what would they be considered, controlled or treated? l) Should you trust this experiment and why? MGF 1107 13) Should you trust that you will get a good deal in a store if you see a sign outside the store saying “EVERYTHING IN THE STORE IS up to 80%OFF” Support your conclusion with reasoning. 14) Explain why ‘Are you in favor of a longer lunch hour?’ is a misleading poll question. 15) What crucial information is missing from the following news statement that might make you view the results differently: A poll reveals that 77% of Americans say ‘Merry Christmas’ rather than ‘Happy Holidays’. 16) In 2013 a tobacco company purchased an e-cigarette (vaping) company and later did a study on how vaping was a much healthy alternative to smoking cigarettes and encouraged people who want to quit smoking to start vaping to help. m) What type of study would have taken place, observational or experimental? Explain your answer. n) Would a blind study be needed? If so would it need a double blind or single blind? Explain your answer. o) How many groups would possibly be needed to do the study and what would they be considered, controlled or treated? p) Should you trust this experiment and why? MGF 1107
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Here are the final answers. Please let me know if you have any questions. Have a great weekend!

MGF 1107

Conceptual Homework 1C
1.Draw a Venn diagram for the proposition. Label all regions of the diagram clearly
a) No consonant letters are vowel letters

Consonant
Letters

Vowels
Letters

b) Some students are not parents

Students

Parents

c) Dolphins are mammals.

Mammals

Dolphins

2.There are 77 classrooms in a building, 50 classrooms have Multimedia system, 31 classrooms
have a Smart Board system, and 13 classrooms have both Multimedia and Smart Board.
a) Draw a Venn diagram to represent the given information.
Classrooms
Multimedia

37

Smart Board

13

18
9

MGF 1107

b) Do you need to make any changes to your Venn Diagram if there are 67 classrooms in
the building? Explain your answer.
Yes, because this would affect all of the numbers involved. It we changed it to 68
classrooms then we would only be eliminating the classrooms that have neither.
However by changing the number of classrooms to 67, you will need to determine how
many classroom have multimedia and smartboards.

Conceptual Homework 1D
1. Create an example that illustrates each type of argument below:
a) Inductive:
Tommy leaves for work at 6:30 a.m. Tommy is always on time for work. Tommy
assumes that he will always be on time for work if he leaves at 6:30 a.m.

b) Deductive:
All cats are mammals. Bane is a cat. Therefore, Bane is a mammal.

2. Use Venn Diagrams to prove the validity of the arguments below. Be sure to label your
variables and explain why the argument is valid or invalid.
a) Premise: All chairs have four legs.
Premise: An elephant has 4 legs.
Conclusion: An elephant is a chair

An Elephant
Has 4
Legs.

Chairs
Have 4 Legs

This argument is invalid due to the fact that only one premise is true. Not all chairs have four
legs. For instance, a bar stool may only have three legs or an office chair may even have five
legs.
b) Premise: No bananas have feathers.
Premise: Bob isn’t a banana.

MGF 1107

Conclusion: Bob doesn’t have feathers.
Bob
Bananas

Feathers

This argument is valid
because both premises
are true.

c) Premise: If the sky is grey, then it is raining.
Premise: It is not raining.
Conclusion: The sky is not grey.

Raining

Grey

Sky

The argument is invalid because one of the premises is not true. If the sky is grey, that
does not mean it is raining. It may just be a cloudy day.

3. Given the following premises, write a conclusion that will create a valid argument
Premise 1: If my coffee is hot, then it is raining.
Premise 2: If it is raining, then I am sitting in Starbucks.
Premise 3: If I am sitting in Starbucks, then I am writing this example.
Conclusion:
On a rainy day, it is best to sit in Starbucks on your laptop.

4. Do you feel that Venn Diagrams help you better understand why an argument is valid or
invalid? Explain your answer.
Yes because it is easier to understand if an argument is valid or invalid if you can visually
see the relationships within the argument.

MGF 1107

Conceptual Homework 1A

1. Create your own examples to illustrate following type of fallacy:
a. Circular Reasoning –
You have to save enough money to go on this big vacation because vacations
cost money.
I deserve to get to skip chores tonight, so you should let me go to bed without
doing chores.
b. Appeal to emotion –
An animal shelter commercial that shows animals that are cold and hungry right
before asking for donations.
A toy store commercial that shows children waking up on Christmas Day,
opening their presents and being extremely happy about the presents.
c. Hasty Generalization Danielle has a horrible father. Danielle decides that every father is horrible.
My mom eats junk food all day but is still skinny. Junk food must not be what
makes people fat.

d. Personal Attack –
The professor is always dressed professionally, but he has tattoos, so I won’t
view him as a professional.
My friend is extremely smart and has a degree in education, but with her hair
died purple, I would never hire her.

MGF 1107

2. How would you explain to someone who is not in the class the difference between the
Straw Man Fallacy and the Personal Attack Fallacy.
The Straw Man Fallacy is when someone changes the person’s argument by
exaggerating the position of the argument. The Personal Attack Fallacy is when
someone attacks the person who is making the argument and their attack is not related
to the argument that the person was making. The difference between the Straw Man
Fallacy and the Personal Attack Fallacy is that the Straw Man Fallacy attacks the
argument being made while the Personal Attack Fallacy attacks the person...


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