peer review short essay

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Religion as a whole is always changing, coming and going, evolving to fit the modern world. Some religions stay the same forever, others change, create new sects, and some even form entirely on their own. New religious movements come about in many different ways. The circumstances in which they form are unpredictable. There are many reasons in which it would be likely for new religious movements to appear. Some form from an older religion that is losing its foothold in society, picking up the pieces that were successful and running into a new and improved version of itself. Others form to meet a new need that isn't being met by the pre-existing religions. These are just a few of the common circumstances in which new religious movements are often formed.

An example of a new religion formed from a pre-existing religion is the Accommodationist Movements. Accommodationist Movements arise when an already well established religion is introduced into a new cultural context. When an older religion does not fit or account for everything within a new cultural context the older religion is manipulated to fit into the new culture. New Revelation Sects also form off of already established religions. New Revelation sects, similar to any sect, follow very strictly to a normative religion. The difference is that, apart from following the pre-existing beliefs of the religion, they also teach new revelations that have arised.

Some examples of New Religious Movements that are separate from any former religion are Spirit Movements and Reactive Movements. Spirit Movements claim to have an otherworldly connection to spiritual beings such as nature and ancestral spirits, ghost, and angels, among a variety of others. These movements tend to be very emotion based. They have this in common with Reactive Movements. Reactive movements are formed in response to social or political stress. When a problem arises in society some people turn to religious movements to possibly resolve the issue. Thus, a new religion is formed to address the stimulus.

Another circumstance in which a new religious movement would form would be when practices and ideas from a common monotheistic religion is combined with a less traditional spirit or shaman based religion. These religious movements are known as Hybrid Religions. They mix the spiritual aspects of indigenous religions with the traditional practices of more modern religions.

These are just a few of the many circumstances in which New Religious Movements form. Like stated previously religions are unpredictable and there are many reasons and ways that new ideas and practices can form into a new religious movement. They can come from anywhere and anyone at anytime.

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Peer Review Grading Rubric Content and development (350 - 500 words) Organization & structure 20 % Format 10 % Grammar, punctuation & spelling 20 % Poor (1 point) Incomplete content and thesis statement, unclear and unpersuasive incoherent Fair (4 points) Thesis statement unfocused, content not comprehensive enough or persuasive, does not delve into subject with enough depth. Major points are considered but not supported and does not address concepts, content is inconsistent with regard to purpose and clarity of thought Good ( 8 points) Focused thesis statement, content comprehensive with adequate research and supports, uses transitional words to move the reading forward, major points are stated clearly and are well supported. Research is adequate, timely and addresses course concepts; content and purpose of the writing are clear. Poor (0 points) Organization and structure detract from the message of the writer. Introduction or conclusion is missing. Paragraphs are disjointed and lack transition of thoughts. Fair (1.5 points) Uneasy structure introduction is lacking major points. Paragraph transitions need improving. Conclusion does not flow from the body of the paper. Good (2.5 points) Structure of paper is clear and easy to follow. Introduction and thesis provide sufficient background on the topic and previews major points. Paragraph transitions are logical and maintain their flow of thought through-out the paper. Conclusion is logical and flows from the body of the paper. Poor (0 points) Research paper lacks elements of correct formatting. Citations and references are not provided. Paper is inadequate/excessive in length. Fair (1 points) Paper follows most guidelines. Paper has incorrectly prepared citations. Paper has reference list with some errors or omissions. Paper is too short or too long. Good (2 points) Paper follows designated guidelines. Citations and references are used appropriately. Paper is the appropriate length as described for the assignment. Poor (1 point) Research paper contains numerous grammatical punctuation and spelling errors. Language uses jargon or conversational tone Fair (1.5 points) Research paper contains a few grammatical errors, punctuation and spelling errors, uses some jargon or conversational tone. Good (2.5 points) Rules of grammar, usage and punctuation are followed; spelling is correct. Language is clear, succinct, concise and precise, sentences display consistently strong, varied structure. Guiding questions for Peer Review Assignment: Use the following questions to help you read through your peer’s paper. Also check the formal report rubric used for grading. You are trying to praise the good points your peer has made, and find the gaps in substance or logic that may not be immediately obvious to your peer (the author). Introduction and Background 1. In one or two sentences, state what you think is the major question being addressed by the author. If you had trouble determining the specific question being addressed, can you indicate what caused the problem for you? 2. Does the Introduction describe the motivation and focus of the paper? Does it contain appropriate theoretical background, including definitions, explanations of important terms and description of relevant concepts? 3. Are all statements of fact or opinion well supported by reference, data, or example? Give specific examples of cases in which you think the argument or point is not adequately supported, or where you can cite counter evidence that the author did not consider. 4. At the end of the introductory material, does the author indicate specific hypotheses to be tested, or specific questions to be answered? 5. Is the Introduction well – organized (from general to specific)? Do the ideas flow smoothly from sentence to sentence? Considering the hypotheses/questions, does any of the information seem excessive, inadequate, or irrelevant? Explain. 6. What do you find most interesting about the direction that this paper is taking? Is there anything the author can do to increase its interest for you, or to better convince you of the study’s value? 7. Is there anything in the introduction that seems confusing or unclear? 8. What would you like to know more about? What questions do you still have? Format, Grammar and Spelling 1. Has the document been spell-checked? 2. Is there a logical sequence of sentences and paragraphs? 3. Are sentences well-formed and grammatically correct? 4. Any persistent, repeated spelling or other writing issues to note? 5. Is the format consistent and according to instructions? References 1. Are the required references cited appropriately in a separate section? 2. Is the format consistent among all references? 3. Are the references always cited appropriately within the text Process: In the peer review process, you are earning points in the following manner (25 points total). Criteria Not Evident/ Not Completed 0 points Insufficient Sufficient Expected Incomplete/not finished/or past deadline. 1 points Fully complete and in ahead of deadline. 2 points 0 points Comments are superficial and do not provide true analysis. 1 points Comments indicate correct analysis of data/research. 2 points Provided meaningful 0 points feedback on structure/ organization and clarity of points. Comments are superficial. 1 points Provided meaningful 0 points feedback on the logic, assumptions and recommendations the author has drawn. Comments provided are not logical or incorrectly state assumptions. 1 points Comments identify potential problems with the structures and organization of the components. 2 points Comments illustrate useful analysis of logic and assumptions and identify potential problems. 2 points Materials submitted to group at least 72 hours before posting deadline to allow additional opportunities for peers to view your structure and organization. 3.25 points Comments include specific suggestions and additional resources for consideration. 3.25 points Comments include specific suggestions improving structure and order. 3.25 points Provided all comments in a positive, encouraging and constructive manner. Comments are neutral or non – encouraging. -2 points Submitted your finished paper to the group discussion area PRIOR to deadline to allow others to comment on your work. Provided meaningful feedback on data/ research/analysis. Comments might be interpreted as insulting. -3 points Comments include positive feedback and suggestions. -1 points Comments include specific suggestions for improving or resolving problems with logic or assumptions and help to restate recommendations that are better supported by the evidence. 3.25 points Comments praise specific strengths of the presentation as well as the constructively addressing weaknesses with alternatives that might be considered 0 points
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Question One
One of the main questions being addressed according to this essay is, discussing the
various religions and explaining their formation. This is seen where the author mentions the
different religions and explains more about their formation and the target audience.
Question Two
The introduction tries to give the focus of the paper is on religion, but it does not have the
motivation. The in...