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Need a descriptive study guide for my exam, the textbook used for this class is the 6th edition of Essentials of Sociology written by Anthony Giddens
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Final exam study guide
Chapter 12
Education: The instruction of pupils within specially constructed school premises. It gradually
emerged in the first few years of the nineteenth century and was created largely in part due to
industrialization.
Homeschooling: The practice of parents or guardians educating their children at home for
religious, philosophical, or safety reasons.
Jonathan Kozol’s Savage Inequalities: A book that brought attention to the inequalities within
schools throughout the United States and that these inequalities powerfully influence students’
lives. Notably, he studied a school in East St. Louis, Illinois that was 98% black and had no trash
pickup in the city, which forced people to use their backyards as garbage dumps. ¾ of its
residents were on welfare, and the city was known for having some of the sickest children with
low immunization rates and infant death/asthma. Kozol also showed how some teachers in some
cities had to teach without boards or chalk or paper, and how if they wanted anything else, they’d
have to supply it themselves. Kozol also described wealthy suburban school districts like one in
Westchester County outside of New York City. 2/3 of the students were enrolled in Advanced
Placement (AP) courses.
James Coleman’s “between school effects”: A research study conducted on more than a half a
million pupils who were presented with a range of achievement tests assessing verbal and
nonverbal abilities, reading levels, and math skills. Sixty thousand teachers also completed forms
providing data for 4,000 schools. The report found that a large majority of children went to
schools that effectively segregated blacks and whites; almost 80% of schools attended by white
Final exam study guide
students had 10% of less African American students. White and Asian American students scored
higher on achievement tests than did blacks and other ethnic minority students. Coleman said,
“Inequalities imposed on children by their home, peer and neighborhood environment are taken
along to become the inequalit...