include a synthesis section to my research paper

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I have my paper attached and the question. Please read the question carefully ( assignment information) file

1-Please include a synthesis section. focus on everything that is in red in the (ASSIGNMENT INFORMATION) file.

2-Please make there is a in-text citation at least once from each source.

3- add final touches and things that are missing

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Running Head: WATERPROOF RUBBER VERSUS PLASTIC IN ROOFS Benefits and drawbacks of using waterproof rubber versus plastic in roofs Name Course Tutor Date 1 WATERPROOF RUBBER VERSUS PLASTIC IN ROOFS 2 Benefits and drawbacks of using waterproof rubber versus plastic in roofs Introduction/background This research focuses on the advantages and disadvantages of using waterproof rubber compared to plastics. The house owner must consider some factors before choosing the type of material to be used. One such factor is cost. The material selected must be within the budget limits. The research will look into which material is more pocket-friendly than the other. Another factor is durability. The house owner must choose a more durable material between the two. Durability implies cost so that a more durable material will cost a lot compared to a less durable one. Durability also reflects maintenance cost; a durable roofing requires less maintenance than a less durable one which needs frequent replacement. Most importantly, our analysis will compare the durability of rubber roofing versus the plastic one. On the other hand, another factor to consider in choosing the type of material to use is rules and regulations governing construction. Primarily, our scrutiny will also consider the setout laws and regulations allowing or restricting the use of either of the two materials in roofing. The house owner must, therefore, decide which material to use that does not contravene both local and regional legislation on construction. Besides, among other factors, builders should also consider the carbon footprints in selecting the material to be used. The research will determine which material is eco-friendlier than the other, between the two. Environmental changes have direct impact on roofing materials, and this should inform the choice of material to be used in roofing. For example, the rate at which the material absorbs or reflects heat from the sun should be considered. Tom Kraeutler and Leslie Segrete suggests; WATERPROOF RUBBER VERSUS PLASTIC IN ROOFS 3 “An important part of your roof redo is the weather protection incorporated underneath the shingles you see. Accumulated moistures are the ultimate enemy of every kind of roofing material and can cut down on its lifespan in a hurry, so an underemployment like Grace Ice and Water Shield is a worthwhile investment." (Kraeutler & Segrete, 2008, p. 159). Those absorbing a lot of heat may lead to overheating of the house, and the reverse takes effect too in the reflecting materials. A material that is resistant to extreme weather changes like torrential rains and sun shines is more desirable than those that are vulnerable to the same. This research compares the pros and cons of waterproof rubber versus plastic roofing in relation to the above and other considerations. Body The rubber roofing' technical name is Ethylene Propylene Diene Monomer EPDM. The biggest advantage of rubber roofs is durability. They can last between thirty and fifty years. Since the 1960s, it has been the material of choice among homemakers, in canals and irrigations systems. Due to its significant durability, it is estimated that it has one billion square feet installed in the entire world's roofs. Steve Bliss affirms the same to the following effect: “While a variety of single-ply roofing membranes are used on commercial jobs, only EPDM has become widely used on residential sites. EPDM, a form of synthetic rubber, owes its popularity to its relative ease of installation combined with its exceptional durability. If installed correctly, roofs often exceed 20 years of service and callbacks are exceedingly rare.” (Bliss, 2006, p. 96). WATERPROOF RUBBER VERSUS PLASTIC IN ROOFS 4 Notably, rubber roofs are eco-friendly, having the ability to stand extreme heats, strong winds, heavy rainfalls and even fire. They are also UV, and ozone stable hence cannot easily perish. These qualities add to their durability nature. Additionally, rubber roofs require little maintenance. Any needed maintenance is often accomplished by homeowners, and this implies very minimal costs in maintenance. Waterproof rubber materials are also eco-friendly because they are designed to reflect heat. This makes them desirable especially during summer because of cutting cooling costs. It also acts as an insulator thus reducing heating costs during winter. Regarding weight, they weigh much less than slate and cedar, therefore, giving the roofer installation advantages. Besides, they are environmentally friendly because they are made from recycled materials. Chris Magwood confirms the same as follows: “Each composite product has a different formulation with greatly varying quantities or recycled content. Post-consumer recycled content usually carries greater reductions in impact than post-industrial recycling.” (Magwood, 2014, p. 234). The EPDM is also less costly. One can spend between $3 and $4 per square feet for the installation on flat roofs. Compared to the asphalt shingles which range between $5 and $7 (Bliss, 2006). As stated before, replacement costs are also minimal since it can last from seven to ten years before requiring any resealing. Less maintenance also minimizes cost since the process is simple: simple cleaning. You only need to wash the debris with water and no need to use liquid solvent cleaners like citric based solvents as they can damage the material. Finally, its life can be extended merely by re-coating rather than incurring costs on replacements. Significantly, EPDM roof operators do not suffer from laws and regulations. EPDM Roofing Association is the overall regulatory body governing the use of EPDM. The body stipulates guidelines and regulatory measures to be taken into account in the entire rubber WATERPROOF RUBBER VERSUS PLASTIC IN ROOFS 5 roofing operations. The body also has standards and codes that require provisions of up-to-date science-based information regarding EPDM membranes. In short, the EPDM industry is very well protected by regulatory provisions and enforcement, making homeowners to buy and hire installations freely. During reroofing, Building Regulation approval must be obtained. Nevertheless, waterproof rubber roofing materials have some disadvantages. First, very experienced roofers are needed for the installation. This is true, especially for the flexible ones. It is so because of the difficulty to ensure protection against HVAC units, chimneys and track units. Besides, Magwood (2014) asserts that any penetration into the roof can damage its integrity and easily lead to leaks which will necessitate resealing. Kraeutler and Segrete (2008) take a similar position. They add that rubber roofing, although durable, is not invincible. They can easily be damaged by falling tree branches and other hanging objects. Another disadvantage is that, in as much as they are easy to repair, it is tough to locate the damages. When a homeowner can easily establish the damages, then it becomes very easy and cheap to fix. However, when this cannot be done, it will force the owner to call and an experienced roofer for inspection, which is difficult to find and costly. Rubber roofing has only been used for the past fifty years hence many fewer roofers have the prerequisite experience and skills in installations and inspection. You can locate one, they enjoy monopoly and may overcharge. Another demerit is the limited color options and desired colors may only be obtained through painting. Another roofing material examined by this paper is plastic roofing materials. The first advantage is that they are strong and resilient. They can withstand extreme temperatures like extremes sunshine. However, this is to a lesser degree than the rubber roofs. Besides, it had many applications and used in decks, garages, conservatories, pool covers, industrial warehouses, and sheds. Not to mention, it is lightweight hence easy to transport and install than the EPDM which WATERPROOF RUBBER VERSUS PLASTIC IN ROOFS 6 must be installed with a lot of care. It is also capable of blocking UV radiations just like the EPDM although to a lesser extent. This property also makes it ideal for the construction of greenhouses. Besides, plastic roofs are highly waterproof and prevent fungi accumulation. To this end, it has many applications than the rubber roofs that is ideal for flat roofing. They are also easy to wash just like the rubber roofs. They are durable for more than one hundred years of longevity, much more than the rubber ones which can go up to fifty years. Moreover, they are less costly than the rubber roofing. It goes for around $2.15 to 2.86 per square foot which is much lesser than the EPDM. These are "buildings designed to low-income families, whose aim is to somewhat reduce the housing deficit." (Perestrelo & Arezes, 2013, p. 109). Ultimately, plastic roofing has many disadvantages, the first being non-resistant to extreme weather conditions like heavy rainfall and strong winds, unlike rubber roofs. This is because they are not invincible just like the rubber roofs. This makes them prone to replacement, and building owners must be ready to incur extra costs in that respect as opposed to EPDM roofs. Besides, plastic shelters are not environmentally friendly, unlike EPDM. They are nonbiodegradable hence pollute the environment upon disposal as opposed to rubber roofing which is environmental friendly. Finally, they are vulnerable to damages therefore costly to maintain and replace than the rubber ones. Sleeper et al. point out that in thermoplastic membrane assemblies, "the seams and flashing may be vulnerable to defects in workmanship, thus representing a primary weakness of the system." (Sleeper et al., 2007, p. 237). This position concurs with Barrow's point that plastic roofing is "vulnerable and can blow around, causing damage." (Barrow, 2014). WATERPROOF RUBBER VERSUS PLASTIC IN ROOFS 7 References Barrow C. (2014). Environmental Change and Human Development: Controlling Nature? Routledge Bliss, S. (2006). Best practices guide to residential construction: Materials, finishes, and details. Hoboken, N.J: Wiley. Ingels, J. E. (2010). Ornamental horticulture: Science, operations & management. Clifton Park, NY: Delmar/Cengage Learning. Kraeutler, T., & Segrete, L. (2008). My home, my money pit: Your guide to every home improvement adventure. Guilford, Conn: Knack. Magwood, C. (2014). Making better buildings: A comparative guide to sustainable construction for homeowners and contractors. Gabriola Island, BC: New Society Publishers. Perestrelo G. & Arezes P. (2013). Occupational Safety and Hygiene. CRC Press. Sleeper, H. R., Pressman, A., Ramsey, C. G., American Institute of Architects., & Smith Maran Architects. (2007). Architectural graphic standards. Hoboken, N.J: John Wiley & Sons. Literature Review Final Paper (40% of your final grade) MY MAJOR: CIVIL/ STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING. Assignment: Identify a current discussion within the academic discipline of your major, use research to gain expertise on the issue, and then write a review of the significant literature on this topic. Research Question: For this assignment, Your research question is not a thesis statement; it is an open-ended question that you do not know the answer to. For example: What are the benefits and drawbacks of using waterproofed rubber versus plastic in roofs? MY RESEARCH QUESTION: Focused Research: After you have developed your research question, you will begin to educate yourself on your topic by doing more targeted research. Through your research, try to identify the most significant writing and research done on the topic of your research question. Literature Review: After you identify the significant writing and research, you will synthesize your findings into a literature review. The purpose of this literature review is to familiarize your reader with all the most significant research done on your research question. For this paper, your reader is a thirdyear college student outside your major. Your paper: Your paper will give a brief, general background of your research question, including as much context as is necessary for your reader to understand it. It will then give an overview of the literature you have researched, including quotes from the original sources. (In this section, you will use your skills in Rhetorical Analysis.) Finally, your paper will conclude with a section where you synthesizeyour findings into a broad overview of the topic in your own words. The structure of this section should be organized logically based on your findings. Details: Your final paper is a standard, academic essay with an introduction, body paragraphs, and a conclusion; is a minimum of 1500 words; includes appropriate intext and bibliographic citations, in MLA, APA or a citation style that is appropriate to your major; cites at least six credible sources (WHICH ARE WRITTEN BY EXPERTS IN THEIR FIELD); as a Word Document in Times New Roman, 12-point font, double spaced, with page numbers and your name and the class section on the first page. Grading: Followed Assignment Prompt 20% Did you follow the assignment? Did you discuss a current discussion in your field? Did you use at least six credible sources? Did you quote at least once from each of your sources? Did you include an introduction and conclusion, background info., a synthesis section, and citations? Research 20% Are your six sources credible—written by experts in the field, include evidence or data, and appear in credible publications/websites free from bias? Are your sources good representations of the discussion in your field? Did you read your sources closely and rhetorically, and represent the authors’ arguments fairly? Synthesis 20% Does your paper include a synthesis section? Does it refer to each of your sources at least once? Does it evaluate, compare, and contrast your sources in several different ways? Does it describe relationships between your sources? Quotations/Paraphrase 20% Do you quote from your sources? Do you select useful quotations that fairly represent the primary arguments and points of the author? Are your quotations integrated seamlessly into the body of your paper using the I.C.E. method? Are your quotations accurate and verbatim from the original text, and enclosed in quotation marks? Citations 10% Do you include correct in-text and bibliographic citations? Did you carefully follow the rules of your academic conventions (e.g. APA, MLA) including punctuation, italics, quotation marks, spacing, formatting (use hanging indent!) and block quotes? Sentences, Paragraphs, Grammar, & Spelling 10% Did you put time into revising, editing, and correcting errors? Are your sentences strong and clear? Are your paragraphs wellstructured, including topic sentences and transitions, and a summary sentence at the end when necessary? Is your paper understandable and easy to follow?
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