LEADERSHIP & SURVIVING A FINANCIAL CRISIS Richard Fuld & Kenneth Chenault BUS 101 Portfolio Project Option 2 Jane Doe Chronology & Analysis ▪ Lehman Brothers History – History – Leadership (Fuld) If you include an image from the Internet, make sure you include the source information. You do not need to include source information if you use free clip art. ▪ American Express – History – Leadership (Chenault) ▪ Comparison & Advice Source: http://blog.gbmhomebroker.com/topic/news Lehman Brothers History ■ 1850’s: Founded as a grocery business by brothers Henry, Emanuel, and Mayer Lehman ■ 1858: Moved to New York City ■ 1877: Joined the New York Stock Exchange ■ Early 20th Century: Pioneered the private placement financing method for highly regulated loans between key investors to help companies survive the Great Depression ■ 1984: Purchased by American Express ■ 1994: Arranged a new Lehman Brothers spin off company under the direction of Fuld and Gregory (“Lehman Brothers”, 2012) If the entire page is summarized from one source, put the in-text citation at the bottom of the slide. Lehman Brothers Recent History Lehman Brothers became a global financial services firm which participated in: – investment banking – equity and fixed-income sales – research and trading – investment management – private equity – private banking Source: http://www.businessweek.com/careers/managementiq/archives/2008/09/kill.html Lehman Brothers grew to be the fourth-largest investment bank in the United States. (BBC News, 2008) Lehman’s Track Record ■ Economic Crises Survival – Railroad Bankruptcies of the 1800s – Great Depression in the 1930s – Long-Term Capital Management Collapse of 1990s ■ As of 2008: No quarterly loss reported ■ Sept. 15, 2008: Chapter 11 petition with U.S. Bankruptcy Court in Manhattan (Sheern, 2008) What Went Wrong? ■ Credit crisis and real estate prices ■ $60 billion loss in bad real estate loans forced the bank to file for bankruptcy (Sheern, 2008) You do not need to include source information if you use free clip art. ■ Leadership pride and greed CEO Richard Fuld ■ Fuld’s Lehman transformation (Halpern, 2005) If the information on your slide is from various sources you need to cite each bullet with source. ■ Ignored telltale signs ■ Rejected bids to save Lehman Brothers ■ Known for intimidating presence and tough talk (Sheern, 2008) Source: http://nymag.com/daily/intelligencer/2008/06/lehman_ceo_richard_fulds_posit.html "Income inequality, I know you don’t want to hear this from me but the wealthy are getting wealthier. And again the belly of America is getting hurt.”(Rediff Business, 2009, p. 2, para. 4). If you quote, don’t forget to include the paragraph or page number of where you found the quote. Leadership Analysis Internal biases that lead to poor decision making: – Inappropriate prejudgments – Inappropriate experience – Self interest – Attachments (Boyle, 2008) A Different Leadership Model ■ Humility ■ Company interest ■ Risk evaluation ■ Salary sacrifice American Express History ■ 1850: Founded as an express shipment company for packages ■ Late 19th Century: offered money orders and traveler’s checks ■ 1958: Released first charge card ■ 1984: Purchased Lehman Brothers ■ 1994: Separated from the Lehman Brothers merger (“American Express”, 2013; “Lehman Brothers”, 2012) CEO Ken Chenault ■ Chenault’s AE Transformation ■ Decisions after 9/11 ■ Development of the Blue card (“American Express”, 2013) Source: http://money.cnn.com/galleries/2009/news/0904/gallery.biggest_ceo_paychecks/4.html Leadership Analysis ■ Values (integrity, courage, positive communication, and a sense-of-self) ■ Personality (team player, adaptability, and personal development) ■ Decision-making ability (execution, compassion, and reflection) (Chester, 2005) Why was Chenault Successful? "Today's business climate reflects unprecedented levels of uncertainty and change. Business models have to change every three to four years and leaders must have a long-term perspective that focuses on structural flexibility and adaptation, rather than the preoccupation with meeting quarterly financial benchmarks,” (Chester, 2005, para. 2) Fuld vs. Chenault Fuld Chenault ▪ More focused on meeting quarterly financial benchmarks than the big picture. ■ Had a long-term perspective that focuses on structural flexibility and adaptation. ▪ Kept doing the same things, refused to change his business model. ■ Was willing to challenge the status quo. ■ Focused and decisive during good times and bad. ■ Focused on staying profitable, cutting costs and selectively investing in growth. ▪ Continued to gamble on unsupported securities and loans. ▪ Turned away potential buyers because of pride. ▪ Took a bonus of $4,250,000 in 2008. ■ Declined to take any bonus in 2008. ▪ Did too little too late to save the organization. ■ Believed in being ahead of the curve and making changes even when things seem good. Conclusion In the end, Chenault demonstrated better leadership skills than Fuld when leading his company through crisis. – Saved American Express during hard financial times. – Viewed with respect from a number of his colleagues and general population. – Appears to have a strategy to face a current challenge of new mandates on credit cards. – Will make the necessary changes to his organization and come out stronger than before. References “American Express”. (2013). In Encyclopedia of Global Brands (2nd ed., Vol. 1, pp. 37-41). Detroit: St. James Press. BBC News. (2008). Q & A: Lehman Brothers bank collapse. Retrieved from http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/7615974.stm Chester, A. (2005). Kenneth Chenault, AMEX CEO, Speaks on leadership. Retrieved from http://media.www.whartonjournal.com/2.10095/kenneth-chenault-amex-ceo-speaks-on-leadership1.1455143 Halpern, Tim. "Fuld, Richard S. Jr. 1946–." International Directory of Business Biographies. Ed. Neil Schlager. Vol. 2. Detroit: St. James Press, 2005. 88-91. References should “Lehman Brothers: Fall of an investment titan”. (2012). In M. H. Ferrara & M. P. LaMeau (Eds.), appear in Corporate Disasters (pp. 180-183). Detroit: Gale. alphabetical order Rediff Business. (2009, May 14). World's 20 worst CEOs. Retrieved from http://business.rediff.com/slideshow/2009/may/14/slide-show-1-worlds-20-worst-ceos.htm and formatted correctly. Traditional Sheern, T. (2008). What went wrong with Lehman Brothers. Retrieved from hanging indents, http://www.millionface.com/1/what-went-wrong-with-lehman-brothers/ spacing do not have to be followed.
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