CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT Introduction To Environmental Engineering ENVT (0002) Wastewater Treatment System. Name:Ahmed Naji Jaber. ID:15S13396 Submitted To:Mr. Mohammed Abushammala Semester:Fall-2017. 1 • Content Table: Title Page 1.0-Abstract. 3 2.0-Introduction. 4 3.0-Report body. 5-9 4.0-Conclusions. 10 5.0-References. 11 2 1.0 Abstract : The aim of this project, to know how we design wastewater treatment system, also to find some ways to treatment wastewater produced and the quality of water after the treat how we can used. The purpose of wastewater treatment is to prevent pollution of the receiving waters or to reclaim the water for reuse. My project includes the introduction I wrote in the introduction general information about the wastewater and the methodology of my report. While, my report also includes report body, I wrote in this part how the purpose of wastewater treatment in detail is. Also my report includes the conclusion, in this part I wrote about my report in general and what I learn also what was the result form the treatment. The core result is the quality of water after the treat was good for human also for the agriculture. And the other result was the acceptance of people was good. I recommend some companies to use advanced equipment in the treatment of wastewater to purify water better. 3 2.0 Introduction: Wastewater is all liquid substances that come out from houses, hospital and factories Also wastewater includes the liquid agricultural wastes, we need to treat wastewater to protect the environment and protect the health. On the other hand, if not treated these pollutants will adversely affect the environment. (wikipedia, 2017) One of the reasons for water pollution is an increase in the population, and there are no remedial plans for water pollution and this is because the competent authorities do not monitor the wastewater produced from houses or factories. (wikipedia, 2017) While, when the wastewater accumulates, it leads to holes in the ground, after that the wastewater leaks into the groundwater, causing groundwater pollution. The objective of the treatments is to reduce the organic load of wastewater and also to reduce some polluted from the water that may transmit infectious diseases. 3.0 Report Body: Wastewater is collected from houses in the wastewater system, then the wastewater in the system transferred to other system known as the wastewater treatment system. Some countries should implement a big system for wastewater treatment and this system should be sophisticated, advanced and high-quality to remove or reduce proportion of pollutants. 4 There are some types of domestic wastewater pollutants which is: (Werner, 2017) 1- Light and heavy particles of inorganic. 2- Organic substances. 3- Finer suspended particles. 4- BOD. 5- VOCs. According to following Figure: 5 Fig-(1): The percentage of pollutants. (fane, 2013) From the house the toilet percentage of wastewater is 18% , from the kitchen the percentage is 15% , from the laundry the percentage is 13% and from the bathroom the percentage is 58%. (fane, 2013) There are some stages the wastewater passes through it to spate the pollutants from the water. I putted a flowchart, through the flowchart will illustrate the stages and the processes. 6 Fig-(2): The processes of wastewater treatment. (Han, 2017) The wastewater treatment system includes of preliminary processes this stage consists of pumping, screening and grit removal. Primary settling this step to remove heavy solids and floatable materials, and secondary biological aeration this step to metabolize and flocculate colloidal and dissolved organics. (viessman, 2011) - Primary treatment units: Primary sedimentation removes 30%-50% of the suspended solids and more than 90% of suspended soil. in raw wastewater. Here the large material and the material that will float will be removed, and this process also include the physical processes that work on the examination, removal of gravel, sedimentation and decomposition then the material are disposed of immediately by burial. The comminutor works on grind of material that passes from the screens. The grit chambers works on slow the flow of solids. (Han, 2017) - Secondary treatment units: 7 Secondary treatment units remaining organic matter is extracted in biological secondary treatment to allowable effluent residual using activated-sludge processes or trickling filters. In the activated-sludge method, wastewater is fed continuously into an aerated tank, where microorganisms degrade the organics. Advantages of suspended-growth aeration are high BOD removals, ability to treat high-strength wastewater, and adaptability for future use in plant conversion to advanced treatment. On the other hand, a high degree of operational control is needed, shock loads may upset the stability of the biological processes, and sustained hydraulic or organic overloading results in process failure. Tricking filters have stone or more commonly in current practice, plastic media to support microbial films. These slime growths extract organics from the wastewater as it trickles over the surface. Oxygen is supplied from air moving through voids in the media. Excessive biological growth washes out and is collected in the secondary clarifier. And the chemicals are added to the wastewater because some materials remain in the top because they have negative and positive charges and when add the chemicals such as Fr + and Al+ they will become heavy and go down to the bottom. - water quality: After all these treatment processes and from my treatment designed the water result after this processes, people can used this water for domestic life like cleaning, agriculture and for bathing because the water result from the treatment system has become without pollutants that are harmful to human life. - The social and cultural acceptance for the quality of water after treatment system and the ecological impact: The social acceptance in Oman for the quality of wastewater after treatment system can they willing deal with treated wastewater by used this water in domestic life like cleaning, agriculture and bathing, etc. (Haya, 2012)The wastewater after the treatment does not affected to the 8 environment because now it is without from any pollutants. On the other hand, the wastewater which is untreated can effected to the soil, groundwater and human health. (Haya, 2012) 4.0 Conclusion: The aim of my project in general is was to design wastewater treatment system produced from the houses. The importance of this project is to find the ways to treatment the wastewater and how is wastewater treated all this thing I mentioned in my project. The objective of my project was achieved by I making a flowchart of wastewater treatment system and also I learn all the treatment procedures and now I know what happens in every stage of the wastewater treatment. 5.0 References: 1- Viessman, w., 2011. In: f. library, ed. Water supply and pollution control. Florida: s. n., pp. 303-327. 2- Han,M(2017) wastewater treatment [Online] Available at < https://www.britannica.com/technology/wastewater-treatment/Primary-treatment > .[2May2016] 9 3- Fane,s(2013) water reuse [Online] Available at < http://www.yourhome.gov.au/water/wastewater-reuse > [17april2012] 4- Wikipedia(2017) wastewater [Online] Available at < https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wastewater >[19Nov2017] 5- HayaWater(2012) A greener Muscat [Online] Available at < https://haya.om/tabid/110/Default.aspx > [16/01/2012] 6- WernerArts(2017) BOD,TOD,TOC – sum parameters in environment analysis [Online] Available at < http://www.chemeurope.com/en/whitepapers/126405/bod-cod-toc-andtod-sum-parameters-in-environmental-analysis.html > [2Oct2017] 10
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