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You will be required to write one four-page essay for this course. This essay will be a research paper assignment. More information on this essay is available in the research paper folder in the Learning Modules menu.

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History of Western Civilizations I Research Paper overview- worth 25% of final grade For History of Western Civilizations I, you will be required to do a 1500 word research paper. For this paper you will choose one of the civilizations we discuss in class and write about the defining features of that civilization. You can choose from the following civilizations: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Ancient Mesopotamia (5500 BC – 1000 BC) Ancient Egypt (3100 BC – 672 BC) The Assyrian Empire (Neo-Assyrian Empire- 911-612 BC) Classical Athens (480-323 BC) Classical Sparta (480-323 BC) The Roman Republic (509 BC – 49 BC) You must cover at least three of the following topics for the Civilization you choose: -Social Structure (class system, gap between the rich and poor, are there slaves?) -Government system (Monarchy, Oligarchy, Democracy? How does the government work?) -Resources and environment (How does the civilization produce its food, and what other major resources do they have? How does the geographic location in which they are located affect the civilization?) -Role of women in the society. (How are women treated and how are they looked upon in the civilization?) -Religion (What are the religious beliefs of the Civilization?) -Military (Does the civilization participate in lots of warfare? What kind of armies do they have?) -Arts and literature (How would you characterize the art and creative literature produced by the civilization?) You must cover at least 3 of these topics but you can cover more if you wish. Sources For the civilization you choose, your textbook readings can be background information for your paper, but since this is a research paper, you must find and use at least 3 sources from the HCCC Library. These can be books or e-books from the library, or articles from online library databases. In the learning module folder I have posted links to the Herkimer Library databases as well as to a Herkimer Libguide that was made especially for this research paper assignment. Please use these databases to find at least 3 sources. If you want to use more sources than this, that’s fine, but you have to have at least these three. In the final paper I will be looking for lots of quotes from your sources that illustrate the three topics you are writing on. A good rule of thumb is you should have at least 3 quotes from 3 separate sources (so at least 9 in total) if you want to get an A on this paper. The final paper must be at least 1500 words long. The paper can be longer, but shorter papers will be penalized. I will read and briefly comment on rough drafts if you email them to me. Papers will be graded based on the following criteria: First, there should be an introductory paragraph where you briefly talk about the civilization you picked and the topics you plan to cover. Second, in the body of the paper, you should have at least a paragraph on each topic you picked, ie. Military, Resources, etc. In these paragraphs you should have a lot of quotes from your sources with citations showing where the quotes came from. Finally, you should have a conclusion were you sum everything up. I will take off if there are many grammar and spelling errors; you also need to have a works cited page at the end where you list all the sources you used. Since the paper is due on the last day of class, no late papers will be accepted. If you have any questions, let me know via email. Good luck! SS111 Research Paper by John McLean is licensed under CC-BY 4.0
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Ancient Mesopotamia
Mesopotamia is viewed as the origin of world's ancient Civilization. It is a historical
region located in West Asia and in between two rivers; Tigris and Euphrates. In the modern days,
it is said to have been located in most of Iraq, Kuwait, Syria, Turkey, and Iran. The region was
dominated by a group of people known as Sumerians and Akkadians. Mesopotamia inspired lots
of developments in ancient human history, for example, the invention of the wheel,
domestication of cereal crops as well as animals, developments in mathematics, cursive script,
astronomy as well as other aspects of agriculture. "Geographically, Mesopotamia (from the
Greek "between the rivers") encompasses present-day Iraq, northeastern Syria, and southeastern
Turkey. Urban civilization originated in the area, with the establishment of the first cities and
complex forms of social organization and economic activity. Significant developments during
this period include the invention of writing, long-distance communication, trade networks, and
the first empires. Sophisticated art and literature began and flourished concurrently with
remarkable intellectual, spiritual, and scientific advances.
During the third millennium BCE, southern Mesopotamia consisted of two main regions.
Sumer, in the far south, and Akkad to the north. A common culture of shared beliefs and artistic
traditions united southern Mesopotamia for much of the period between 3000 and 2000 BCE.
One of the most significant advancements taking place in Mesopotamia was the emergence of
the city. While large towns had evolved before 3500 BCE, there was a massive change in scale
around this time. The largest city was Uruk, and by about 2600 BCE it displayed the elements of
the period's important centers: administrative buildings, residential areas, streets, canals, and, the
most visible feature, cultic high terraces with temples. True writing began in Mesopotamia, with
the earliest script found on clay tablets excavated in the cities of Uruk and Susa dating to about
3300 BCE. These cuneiform tablets provided important administrative information, such as the
tracking of quantities of malt and barley or oxen. (Queen's Quarterly)" This is a direct quote from
the Journal explaining how Mesopotamia was the source of world's civilization and about the
people who lived there.
Religion in Mesopotamia
Over millennia of development, the internal needs of the people of Mesopotamia led to
the development of their religion. The earliest religious thought in Mesopotamia is believed to
have involved the worshiping of the forces of nature as the people depended on them to provide
for their sustenance. This was back in the 4th millennium BC. As the people entered the 3rd
millennium BC, they personified the objects of worship. They now had a number of divinities
which they believed had different functions or rather responsibilities to the people. During the
2nd and 1st millenniums, the last Mesopotamian polytheism stages which introduced more
emphasis on personal religion, as well as the structuring of gods, were developed. The gods were

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classified into a monarchical hierarchy whereby the head of pantheon was the national god. "One
premise behind this evaluation is that Mesopotamian religion changed over time — what
Mesopotamian religion was differed throughout the various historical periods" (Schneider p.6).
This is a direct quote from the book An Introduction to Ancient Mesopotamia Religion which
explains the development of the beliefs of the ancient people which were changing with time.
The religion of the ancient people of Mesopotamia eventually declined following the spread of
Christianity brought by the Iranians during the Achaemenid Empire.
Role of Women in the Society
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