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What was it like being a soldier fighting in the American Civil War? Why did Union and Confederate soldiers fight the way they did; attacking their objectives repeatedly and suffering horrendous casualties in the process?
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Running head: THE LIVES OF SOLDIERS IN THE CIVIL WAR
The lives of soldiers in the civil war
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THE LIVES OF SOLDIERS IN THE CIVIL WAR
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Soldiers fighting in the civil war went through hell not only from the point of view that
war means they could lose their lives in a blink but due to welfare challenges. They lived in
deplorable conditions wit...
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I.Identifying Anthropocentrism. Put a check beside any quote below that indicates a statement in which the author is most likely being primarily “anthropocentric.” [.75 points each Let us make man in our image and likeness to rule the fish in the sea, the birds in the sky, the cattle, all the wild animals on earth and all the reptiles that crawl upon the earth. So God created them in his own image and blessed them and said to them “be fruitful and multiply, and fill the earth and subdue it; and have dominion over the fish of the sea and over the birds of the air and over every living thing that moves upon the earth.” Genesis 1:26-29We refute the error of those who claim that it is a sin for man to kill brute animals. For animals are ordered to man’s use in the natural course of things, according to divine providence. Consequently, man uses them without any injustice, either by killing them or employing them in any other way. 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Love biases doing the right thing; numbers correct sentimental biases, he argues. (This is a review question from Exam 1.)___ Tom Regan argues all other animals are rational agents. (Be careful. If in doubt, see the Regan reading, where he’s very clear about his view on this.)___ Jeremy Bentham writes: “The question is not, Can they reason? Nor Can they talk? But Can they suffer?” (Hint: If you’re in doubt, see the Singer reading on the equality of animals.)___ From the standpoint of Eddie Glaude, Jr., moral obligations are identical to legal obligations. That is, as long as you are following the laws of your society, you are living as you ought to live.___ According to Chief Justice Robert Yazzie, Navajo justice is based on coercion or force.___ “Cornucopians” believe our consumption and population levels are excessive, and they are very alarmed by our exploitation of natural resources and by the scale of overall human impact on natural systems. 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According to Aristotle, which sort of relationship best taps the potential of human friendship: (a) one based on mutual usefulness, (b) one based on mutual pleasure, (c) one based on self-interested pursuits, (d) one based on mutual regard for the other’s moral excellence, (e) one based on shared religious creeds. (See Aristotle lecture notes/handouts on D2L.)Circle our author [who we’re reading in our unit on racial justice] who wrote: Representative Paul Ryan’s “hometown of Janesville, Wisconsin, concretized the American Idea for him. …For him, Janesville represents the values of the American Idea: a tight-knit community where money and class aren’t really talked about, where people ‘make their own opportunities’ and share a set of values such as personal responsibility and accountability. …I grew up in a small town too, not in Wisconsin, but on the coast of Mississippi. …Everything about my childhood let me know that I had to work twice as hard for opportunity and that I shouldn’t expect the world to be fair…. My hometown is no less American than his, yet Ryan’s American Idea cannot quite countenance the existence of it.” (a) Tom Regan, (b) Martha Nussbaum, (c) Robert Yazzie, (d) Eddie Glaude, (e) Toni Morrison.From 1987 to 1999 the human population grew by about this amount, then added an equal number between 1999 and 2011: (a) 100 billion, (b) 1 million, (c) 100 million, (d) 10 billion, (e) 1 billion.This philosopher argues that a primary purpose of the state should be to provide the conditions whereby human beings can achieve friendship. (Think about it, and be sure to review all lectures notes on D2L for this section of the course.) (a) McKibben, (b) Kant, (c) Singer, (d) Aristotle, (e) Bentham.To say that global warming is “anthropogenic” means: (a) it is caused by anthropologists, (b) it is mostly caused by natural cycles of cooling and heating, (c) it is caused by the thrash metal band Anthrax, (d) it is principally human in origin, (e) it is a product of Divine wrath. [hint: look it up]The largest historical emitter (i.e., total emitter since the industrial revolution, not annual emitter) of greenhouse gases since the industrial revolution is: (a) Russia, (b) India, (c) Brazil, (d) China, (e) United States.The human population is now around: (a) 5.7 billion, (b) 7.7 million, (c) 6.7 million, (d) 770,000, (e) 7.7 billion.____________________ [term starting with the letter “A…”] is the view that only humans have moral worth (or that humans are atop a hierarchy of moral worth), and in popular culture it often includes a belief that the Earth was created principally for human use. Peter Singer, Alice Walker, and Tom Regan reject this outlook.____________________ [author’s name] wrote: “The forlornness of the veal calf is pathetic, heart wrenching…. But the fundamental wrong isn’t the pain, isn’t the suffering, isn’t the deprivation. These compound what’s wrong.”____________________ [name of famous African-American novelist and poet, from our unit on animal ethics] wrote: “I was shocked that I had forgotten that human animals and nonhuman animals can communicate quite well; if we are brought up around animals as children we take this for granted. By the time we are adults we no longer remember. However, the animals have not changed.”__________________ [term] is the Navajo term Chief Justice Robert Yazzie describes as the “end goal of law.” Associated with the metaphor of harmony and connoting a well-functioning set of relationships, “It is when people come together and deal with each other well.” (see D2L unit on comparative conceptions of justice)____________________ [ancient philosopher’s name] This philosopher/religious leader saw himself as trying to get his country back on the Path or “Way” (Tao)—for him this meant an ideal way of social conduct. This differs from the idea of a society that is dedicated to individualism and protecting “rights” as fundamental. Harmony is the key idea. Education plays into this ideal, especially given that the texts of the past show us a better way to be. Education provides a moral basis, which is very different from the idea of education as “getting a better job.” (see D2L)____________________ [philosopher’s name] According to this ancient Greek philosopher, the aim of human activity is to realize a distinctively human good, happiness (eudaimonia). This what human nature aims at. This is not a good that is determined solely by each individual's subjective desires and preferences. Rather, this philosopher argues, it is what is good for all human beings because all human beings belong to the same species (eidos). Our common essence allows us, this philosopher thinks, to determine a general good. One of the greatest goods of our species is friendship, which this philosopher regards as essential to human happiness. (from our virtue ethics unit)____________________ [author’s name] wrote: “Somehow, people absurdly believe—and they have done so for much of our history—that black social misery is the result of hundreds of thousands of unrelated bad individual decisions by black people all across this country.” (Hint: This is from one of our assigned readings on racial justice)____________________ [philosopher’s name] According to this philosopher, friendships are deep, emotional relationships which take time to mature and in the course of which each friend can work for the other’s good. (from our unit on virtue ethics)Which of the following phrasings comes closest to representing Immanuel Kant’s version of the “practical imperative,” a derivation of what Kant called the “categorical imperative”? (a) Never treat other rational agents as ends-in-themselves, (b) Never look directly at the Sun, (c) Never use other rational agents as mere means to selfish ends, (d) Never use any animal as a mere means to selfish ends, (e) Never treat ends-in-themselves as rational agents. (See handout, Regan, and Kant; we discussed this in several class lectures and in supplementary notes. Hint: Kant’s practical imperative prohibits treating rational agents as nothing but instruments for our selfish purposes, but he’s an anthropocentrist, so [unlike Regan] he doesn’t think it’s wrong to treat other animals as mere instruments for advancing human satisfactions.)The authors of our reading on white perception of racial justice as a zero-sum game is: (a) Nussbaum, (b) Norton & Sommers, (c) Glaude, (d) Yazzie, (e) Appiah.The title of Aristotle’s most influential work on ethics is: (a) Bohemian Rhapsody, (b) The Lies That Bind, (c) From Field to Fork, (d) Nicomachean Ethics, (e) The Republic. (See Aristotle lecture notes on D2L from our Virtue Theory unit.)Peter Singer’s animal ethics is most precisely classified as a type of: (a) kindling, (b) anthropocentrism, (c) ecological holism or ecocentrism, (d) sentientism, (e) Bagism, shagism, dragism, madism, ragism, tagism.According to work in cross-cultural psychology discussed in Unit 3 (East Asian Comparative Standpoint—see powerpoint on D2L), students in East Asia tend on average to pay more attention to _____________ than students in the United States. (a) manga, (b) isolated objects, (c) context, background, and relationships, (d) individual faces, (e) money.Circle the name of the Medieval hierarchy of existence and value (God-Angels-Humans-Animals-Plants-Inert Matter) that supported an anthropocentric worldview prior to the development of modern science: (a) the yellow submarine, (b) the noodly appendages of the flying spaghetti monster, (c) the Great Chain of Being, (d) the Chain Gang of Cooke, (e) Phish [Hint: See animal ethics ppt and class notes] The characters to the left, pronounced ningen in Japanese (and used in the way “human being” is used in English) mean: (a) hip hop, (b) person separate from, (c) self-reliance, (d) person as atomistic individual, (e) person between. (See notes and powerpoint on Watsuji from Unit 3 East Asian Comparative Standpoint.)___ From a Chinese Confucian perspective, one is a baby first and so in need of parents and caretakers. Hence, on this view, one is first and foremost a family member. This relational view stands in contrast with the mainstream American view that a person is first and foremost an “individual” endowed with rights. (See D2L lecture on Confucian role ethics.)___The fundamental wrong, according to Regan, is that we are using other “subjects-of-a-life” as mere resources, thereby violating their rights. Hence, we must abolish all animal practices that reduce subjects-of-a-life to the status of mere means to human ends. (Hint: See his essay, which is very clear about this.)___ Tom Regan was an animal rights philosopher who advocated empty cages, not merely bigger cages.___ Utilitarianism is always explicitly anthropocentric. That is, there can’t be a nonanthropocentric utilitarian. (Hint: Think about Singer.)___ According to Immanuel Kant, we have no direct duties to nonhuman animals, but we do have indirect duties to them. (See assigned text, lectures, notes, ppts, and handout.)___According to Peter Singer, a “speciesist” is someone who gives equal consideration to relevantly similar interests of all beings capable of suffering. (Hint: Recall that, for Singer, “speciesism” is morally analogous to racism or sexism.)___ Tom Regan was a biocentrist who thought that the inherent value of all life (plants, animals, fungi, bacteria, etc.) determines what we should and shouldn’t do. Hence Regan explicitly argues that all living things (not just those who are “subjects of a life”) have rights, even the coronavirus. (Don’t miss this one. If in doubt, look it up. Remember that my animal ethics lecture on D2L is a helpful resource for this exam.)___ In his “marginal case argument,” Singer holds that there is no morally relevant characteristic (such as reason, culture, or the ability to feel pain) possessed by all humans but lacked by all other animals. (Consult assigned text, ppt, lectures, notes, and handout.) ___ According to the I=PAT equation, the environmental impact of human population growth is mostly a problem of industrialized countries. (Hint: yep.)___ A J-curve describes stabilizing population growth. (Hint: If in doubt, look it up.)___ An S-curve describes population growth in many Eastern African countries. (Hint: If in doubt, look it up.)___ China will emit more greenhouse gases like CO₂ in 2020 than any other country. ___ A J-curve describes stabilizing population growth. (Hint: If in doubt, look it up.)___ An S-curve describes population growth in many Eastern African countries. (Hint: If in doubt, look it up.)___ China will emit more greenhouse gases like CO₂ in 2020 than any other country.___ Like Japan, the populations of some Eastern European countries are declining rather than growing. (If in doubt, look it up.) --Peter Singer and Jim Mason, The Way We Eat ______China__________________ _______India_________________ ________USA________________
psyc304 no plaigarism simple easy!!
The idea behind selective adaptation is that when we view a stimulus with a specific property, neurons tuned to that prope ...
psyc304 no plaigarism simple easy!!
The idea behind selective adaptation is that when we view a stimulus with a specific property, neurons tuned to that property fire, and if viewing continues for long enough, these neurons adapt. Discuss how the psychophysical procedure of selective adaptation has been used to demonstrate the link between feature detectors and (a) the perception of orientation, and (b) the perception of size. Be sure to include a discussion of your understanding of the rationale behind selective adaptation experiments and how we can draw conclusions about physiology from the results of such a psychophysical procedure. Provide two examples for the class that support your conclusions. For this week’s discussion, it is expected students will use this reading and outside scholarly web sources to answer this question completely.
4 pages
What Would You Do
According to the case regarding "What Would You Do", Brenda is the victim while Tina is the abuser. This argument is evide ...
What Would You Do
According to the case regarding "What Would You Do", Brenda is the victim while Tina is the abuser. This argument is evidenced in the case study in ...
PCN 515 Grand Canyon University Counseling, Consultation and Supervision Questions
Construct the following from the perspective of a graduate student.You have been practicing counseling skills either on a ...
PCN 515 Grand Canyon University Counseling, Consultation and Supervision Questions
Construct the following from the perspective of a graduate student.You have been practicing counseling skills either on a volunteer or on yourself throughout this course. This paper is an opportunity to reflect on everything you learned. It is also an opportunity to examine yourself as a potential counselor. You may write in the first-person perspective in this assignment.Write a 500-750-word paper addressing the following: What is the most significant information you learned about the skills required to be an effective counselor? Were there any skills that surprised you as you worked through the course? What are your strengths as a potential counselor? These could be attending or communication skills, attitudes or behaviors that will be an asset in the counseling role. What skills do you think will be most difficult for you? What might be your handicaps as a counselor? What are some specific actions you will take to prepare yourself for your future practicum experience? Explain the role of consultant-counselor. Do you see yourself acting in this role? Why or why not? Prepare this assignment according to the guidelines found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center. An abstract is not required.This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion.
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