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There are 3 documents attached. "Post 1" is a question asked by the instructor. Please do a quick respond with just one citation. Post 2 and 3 are 300 words minimum with 1 peer-review citation on each. Citation must be in APA. Thanks

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This is regarding the question you did for me this week earlier. Please respond with a short answer with 1 citation to this. No word requirement. As Autumn indicated this is really about supply and demand and I can understand that the focus should be on the suppliers. But we have seen in the US, the war on drugs has not been successful. We have focused on the suppliers as well as the users, to no avail. As soon as you get rid of 1 pimp, or 1 cartel another takes their place. The money is too attractive. Since most of these individuals pay off the police and government would it help to start at the top? Post 2 Focusing on those who operate the child-sex tourism industry is more effective in my opinion as an attempt to put an end to the child sex trade. If you get the ones creating the sex trade businesses and in charge, then you can collect the main source and possibly get the suspects that are under him in leadership. In many cases there was much attention for community involvement for child sex-tourism. "This is important to break the silence around sexual exploitation of children and to inform children and parents about signals of traffickers, consequences of sexual exploitation, how to prevent and report it and where to find support." (ECPAT International, 2016) Community involvement is also important to create efficient pressure on local government and the tourism industry to take child protection measures. Another way is creating a confident environment for effective discussion and practicing on how to react in suspicion of child sex tourism. Capacity building seminars are best attended when they are short and effective to fit into the tight schedules of the tourism industry and its personnel. Timing should also be adapted to the seasonality of tourism. When training employees, they should not be required to participate in seminars outside working hours and it should be considered that they take information materials into their communities. The training of frontline personnel should be done on a yearly basis, considering the rapid turnover of personnel. When developing e-learning modules for the tourism industry, keep in mind that although internet might be accessible in many Southern destinations, it often lacks the capacity, speed and stability to do e-learning courses without problems. Tourism is one of the world’s leading businesses and plays a major role in global commerce. "Child sex tourism is the sexual exploitation of children by a person or persons who travel from their home district, home geographical region, or home country in order to have sexual contact with children. Child sex tourists can be domestic travellers or they can be international tourists. CST often involves the use of accommodation, transportation and other tourism-related services that facilitate contact with children and enable the perpetrator to remain fairly inconspicuous in the surrounding population and environment." (ECPAT International, 2016) Child sex tourism involves the exchange of cash, clothes, food or some other form of consideration to a child or to a third party for sexual contact. CST can occur over a long period of time, for example, where there is a long ‘grooming’ process, during which a child sex offender befriends a vulnerable child and obtains his or her trust before exploiting the child sexually. In other cases, the child sex tourist purchases sexual services directly from a third party that is holding the child in a position of exploitation and who then makes the child available to the tourist. "Child sex tourists come from all walks of life. They may be married or single, male or female, wealthy tourists or budget travellers. A frequent misperception is that all child sex tourists are middle-aged or older men, when in fact young tourists have been known to travel for the express purpose of sexually abusing children. Child sex tourists may be foreigners or domestic nationals who are travelling within their own country." (ECPAT International, 2016) Some child sex tourists target children specifically, however, most are situational abusers who do not usually have a sexual preference for children, but take advantage of a situation in which a child is made available to them. "This type of exploitation can occur anywhere in the world and no country or tourism destination is immune." (The United States Department of Justice, 2017) In fact, CST can occur in one destination and then move to another, as prevention efforts in the original destination are stepped up by government authorities, the tourism industry and child rights organisations. As child protection mechanisms increase in certain tourism destinations affected by CST, it is important to remember that neighbouring destinations may also be put at risk. References ECPAT International. 2016. PROTECTING CHILDREN FROM SEXUAL EXPLOITATION IN TOURISM. Retrieved fromhttps://www.omicsonline.org/openaccess/sex-trafficking-in-the-tourism-industry-2167-0269-1000166.php?aid=58984 The United States Department of Justice. 2017. NATIONAL STRATEGY FOR CHILD EXPLOITATION PREVENTION AND INTERDICTION. Retrieved from https://www.justice.gov/psc/national-strategy-child-exploitation-prevention-andinterdiction#review This is really a question of supply and demand. If we focus on the demand, or the sex tourists, it would ultimately decrease the need for people to traffic children. In the opposite way, decreasing the amount of trafficked children, from a supply standpoint, there would still be demand, but that demand would not be met. What is clear is that there is a definite need for actions that will work to stop the trafficking of children. The psychological issues that occur from being trafficked as a child can be detrimental to a person well into their adult years. Additionally the mortality rate of children that are forced into sex trafficking is 40 times higher than that of a person who was not involved in child sex trafficking. (Cecchet & Thoburn, 2014) It is clear that this issue needs to be dealt with but it is unclear what the best way to go about that is. The forum question this week asks us to look at countries where child sex trafficking flourishes, and many people do know understand that the United States has a large amount of child sex trafficking. “Many people in the United States either do not know what sex trafficking is, or believe that it only occurs outside of the country” (Cecchet & Thoburn, 2014) Creating a level of community awareness within the United States as well as in other countries that have high rates of child sex trafficking is one way to help reduce the number of trafficked children. I am not sure how many of you noticed this popping up on your news feeds last month but January was human trafficking awareness month. This topic is something that is just starting to come to the forefront of American issues and doing this type of campaign will allow the public to be more informed on the issue. Knowing what to look for and how to respond to instances of child sex trafficking is one way to remove children from a horrible situation. As far as how law enforcement should respond, I am of the opinion that we attempt to reduce the demand for trafficked children as opposed to reducing supply. As I stated earlier, if you attempt to cut off supply, there will always be demand and more supply will crop up from other sources. Taking action to make the punishment for being involved in child trafficking harsh enough to deter those crimes is one way to lessen the supply side of things. The United States has created some pretty harsh sentencing options for those that participate in child sex trafficking, including mandating sentences that range up to 30 years in prison. (Pittaro & Normore, 2016) While these sentencing options are definitely helpful in deterring crime regarding child sexual trafficking, they need to be enacted across the globe in countries that have high rates of child sexual trafficking. On top of creating harsh sentencing options for sex offenders, it necessary to make sure the the prosecution of these cases goes smoothly. There are times when it can be difficult to prosecute sex trafficking cases, especially when the victim aligns with their captor which often occurs in cases of underage prostitution. Especially in these cases, it is necessary to make sure that law enforcement focuses more on the prosecution of those utilizing the services and not on the victim that is prostituting themselves. From my own personal experience I have seen girls that were trafficked at a young age and yet have multiple criminal charges, where the people paying for those services are rarely criminalized. Another issue that comes into play for law enforcement is that they lack the training and cooperation with other agencies to effectively find and prosecute offenders. “One significant proposal centers on police organizations worldwide combining forces, sharing intelligence, communicating openly, and cooperating on both smalland large-scale investigations.” (Pittary & Normore, 2016). In increasing the amount of cooperation between nations we can more effectively stop sex offenders that travel to other locations specifically for the purpose of engaging in child sexual exploitation. References Cecchet, S. J., & Thoburn, J. W. (2014). The psychological experience of child and adolescent sex trafficking in the United States: Trauma and resilience in survivors. Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy, 6(5), 482-493. doi:10.1037/a0035763 Pittaro, M., & Normore, A. (2016, June). International Efforts by Police Leadership to Combat Human Trafficking. Retrieved February 1, 2018 from International Efforts.
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Running head: RESPONSE

1

Post 1 Response
Student’s Name
Affiliate Institution

RESPONSE

2
Response

It is evident that focus on the suppliers and users has not gone a long way in yielding any
positive results. It is about time that the approach to tackling the issue changes. The fight on
drugs needs to start right from the top of all those organizations and agencies that are tasked with
the responsibility of alleviating the menace. This can be done through fresh vetting or dissolving
the current staff and recruit fresh blood in the system and also, review of policies that relate to
the fight against drugs. Corruption is deeply rooted in the system thus making the fight fruitless.
Therefore, weeding out corruption from the top of the ranks all the way down will be significant
in fighting the problem. It is through corruption that perpetrators are able to buy immunity and
further their trade interests. A reform of the weak governance structure as well as the economic
capacity which stems from the top is crucial in curbing the trade, both from the demand and
supply sides (Francis & Mauser, 2011). The reforms will result in enactment of laws punishing
those curtailing the fight against dr...


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