What kind of philosophy is that?

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What kind of philosophy is that, or has Candide given up on philosophy?

What does he mean by this final statement?

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We must cultivate our garden." What kind of philosophy is that, or has Candide given up on philosophy? What does he mean by this final statement? Answer in at least three sentences Voltaire's Candide When he was a young man, our French writer Voltaire spent almost a year in the Bastille for his satire against the aristocracy. It was the Age of Enlightenment, but as you can see, not everyone was enlightened especially when they felt ridiculed. So Voltaire decided to satirize the very embodiment of the Age of Reason, the philosophers and writers in his masterpiece Candide. You can see the philosophy presented in Pope's Essay on Man which as the Norton editor wrote "insists on a rationality of a pattern ungraspable by human reason. Candide implicitly argues, however, that it does so only by ...ignoring the omnipresent pain of immediate experience." In other words, the reality of every day life show us that whatever is, cannot be right. But it is the philosophy of German Gottfried Leibniz who is the main butt of Voltaire's satire. In Candide, Leibniz's optimism becomes the simpleminded idea that "Everything is for the best in this best of all possible worlds." Of course, using the common practice of exaggeration in satire, Voltaire has taken the benevolent and omniscient God out of the equation. This divine providence has an understanding of evil and suffering, but has an overall plan that humans can neither see or understand. Voltaire believed that philosophical optimism could lead to complacency . We can see how that could happen if people believe that whatever is, is the way it is supposed to be, then why do anything? Again quoting the Norton editor, "The assumed inevitability of vice, like the belief that all is for the best, justifies passivity. Nothing can be done, nothing should be done, or nothing matters." Acceptance is not resignation, though. We can at least get some sense of Voltaire's fear as it is satirized in this novel. Pangloss, the philosopher, gives this humorous (though he is perfectly serious) explanation of his beliefs "--It is clear, said he, that things cannot be otherwise than they are, for since everything is made to serve an end, everything necessarily serves the best end. Observe: noses were made to support spectacles, hence we have spectacles.... Consequently, those who say everything is well are uttering mere stupidities; they should say everything is for the best." You have probably learned enough of logic to see how illogical that is. In a syllogism, all the premises must be right in order for the conclusion to be. How many of the premises are true? Note throughout the novel how silly the philosophical optimism of Pangloss becomes as Candide begins to doubt, and even Pangloss knows it not to be true, but "he continued to repeat the opinion and didn't believe a word of it." Despite the humor of the novel, there are moments of harsh bitterness such as when the Candide asks the reverend father about the evil in the world, and the holy man replies, "When his highness sends a ship to Egypt, does he worry whether the mice on board are comfortable or not? We also cannot miss how Voltaire satirizes the insane and ludicrous plot twists of fiction. He mourns his love Cunegonde who has been brutally killed and disemboweled only to find her alive in a few chapters. How many times does her brother die and come back from the dead? Pangloss is not hanged good enough. Candide suffers through all the twists even deciding not to stay in the utopia of Eldorado because it was not perfect enough for him until he comes to the conclusion that "Il faut cultiver notre jardin." "We must cultivate our garden." What kind of philosophy is that, or has he given up on philosophy? Let's focus on this in our team forums.
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Running head: PHILOSOPHY

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Philosophy
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PHILOSOPHY

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What kind of Philosophy is that?

The lesson that Pangloss ...


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