Theorist/Theory Likes/Strengths Research to
Support
Strengths
Piaget: The four
“In infancy and
Piaget
stages of
development: the
organization of
developmental
skills according
with specific age
and the Cognitive
theory. Piaget
believed that
children learn by
exploring their
world, by keeping
it in mind, I
provide children
a classroom with
learning materials
that children can
explore and use
their creativity
skills.
Vygotsky
The sociocultural
theory: It focuses
on how skills and
culture, values,
beliefs, customs
are passed to the
next generation.
In classroom, I
will display
books, toys and
different items
from different
cultures.
early childhood,
Piaget claimed,
children’s
understanding is
different from
adults’ (Berk,
2013. CP. 1.4).
Infants use their
sensory motor to
explore and solve
problems. Infants
don’t understand
the concept of
existence of
permanent object.
Children learn
more when they
are exposed to
direct contact
with the
environment,
explore and
learning
opportunities.
“According to
Vygotsky, social
interaction—in
particular,
cooperative
dialogues
between children
and more
knowledgeable
members of
society—is
necessary for
children to
acquire the ways
of thinking and
behaving that
make up a
community’s
culture” (Berk,
2013. CP. 1.5).
Dislikes/Limitations Research to
Support
Limitations
Insufficient research
about the influence of
culture and social
environment in the
child’s cognitive skills.
Piaget do not believe
that the Children’s
learning skills improve
with training.
Vygotsky was focused
on social and culture
interaction that not
make research on the
biological side of the
child development,
brain growth and the
role that it plays in the
child’s cognitive skills.
“Cognitive
development
begins in the
sensorimotor
stage with the
baby’s use of
the senses and
movements to
explore the
world” (Berk,
2013. CP. 1.4).
Social
interactions
practices with
adults help the
child to develop
and acquire new
social skills on
how to
communicate
and behave in
their own
culture.
“Vygotsky
believed that as
adults and
more-expert
peers help
children master
culturally
meaningful
activities, the
communication
between them
becomes part of
Bronfenbrenner Bronfenbrenner,
on the Ecological
systems theory,
considered that
the different
structures of the
environment
influences on
child
development
extending from
home, school and
places where
children spend
most of their
everyday life.
Bandura
Bandura
emphasize that
children learn by
imitation and
modeling. Infants
and toddlers
learn more by
imitation and
hands on, it is
very important
for caregivers to
model proper
behavior, words
and proper social
skills.
“in ecological
systems theory,
development is
neither entirely
controlled by
environmental
circumstances nor
driven solely by
inner dispositions”
(Berk, 2013. CP.
1.5).
None
“Bandura has
shown that
children’s ability
to listen,
remember, and
abstract general
rules from
complex sets of
observed
behaviors affects
their imitation and
learning” (Berk,
2013. CP. 1.4).
Bandura explain
about reinforcement
and observational
behavior learned but
he did not mention
what does the role
play of the influence
of the environment.
children’s
thinking” (Berk,
2013. CP. 1.5).
Children that
have parents
with “generous
workplace
benefits for
employed
parents and set
high standards
for child care,
children are
more likely to
have favorable
experiences in
their immediate
settings” (Berk,
2013. CP. 1.5).
Children are
affected by the
changes in the
parent’s
workplace, and
changes in
society.
Bandura,
suggest that
children also
learn by
reinforcing or
punishment
behavior.
I believe that by
reinforcing
positive
behavior and
praising the
children’s effort
they will have
more
enthusiasm to
learn and use
positive social
skills if they had
been exposed to
positive
remarks,” In this
way, as children
acquire
attitudes,
values, and
convictions
Erikson
Erickson: The
development of
the 8
Psychosocial
stages. Erikson
considered the
influence and
needs of each
culture impact
the child’s socioemotional skills.
Erickson on the
psychosocial
stages of
development
suggest that
children respond
to positive or
negative social
interactions at
specific age. I will
provide more
opportunities to
promote,
initiative,
independence,
validate children
feelings, and
interact with
each other.
Erikson,
considered that
every individual is
unique, his
research has
influenced many
research on
“many aspects of
emotional and
social
development,
including infant–
caregiver
attachment,
aggression, sibling
relationships,
child-rearing
practices,
morality, gender
roles, and
adolescent
identity” (Berk,
2013. CP. 1.4).
None
about
themselves,
they control
their own
learning and
behavior” (Berk,
2013. CP. 1.4). If
the child had
been exposed to
negative
behavior, he will
show aggressive
behavior.
“Erikson
demonstrated
how ego
strength
emerges across
stages of a
person’s
development
and showed that
its growth
depends on the
quality, at each
stage, of a
person’s
relations with
the world and
with other
people” (Salem
Press
Encyclopedia of
Health, 2013).
References:
Berk, L. E. (2013). Child development. (9th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson.
Salem Press Encyclopedia of Health, 2013. Erik H. Erikson's ego psychology.
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