lap report

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ryxnnov

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I want you to do a lap report using the table I will attach it here. Also for the rubric download the attached file and view the document, as this will be the document I use in order to grade your lab reports.

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Template for Lab report Cover page Title Name Class I.​ ​Introduction 1 page: - where you describe why you did the experiment - describe the theory about the different test - describe what you did to prove the theory II.​ ​Procedures and methods A.​ P ​ reparation of a 1wt% solution for Unknown and ​“​salt used​” B. pH Testing C. Solubility test D.​ C ​ onductivity Testing E. Flame Test F. Precipitation test with Silver Nitrate and Barium Chloride G.​ P ​ reparation of solutions for gravimetric analysis H.​ ​ Gravimetric analysis Table 1: Safety information Chemical Potential Danger Precautions III.​ ​Results Table 2: Results from pH test on a 1wt% solution Trial Unknown sample “​salt used​” (MgSo4) 1 8.5 9.1 2 8.3 8.8 3 8.4 8.6 average 8.4 8.8 Table 3: Results observable properties Trial Unknown sample “​salt used​” Color of the sample White White Color of the flame No color No color Table 4: Results from solubility test on a solid sample Trial Unknown sample “​salt used​” Acetone Insoluble Insoluble Ethanol Slightly soluble, cloudy Slightly soluble, cloudy mixture, salt suspended mixture, salt suspended 3M HCl Insoluble Insoluble 3M NaOH Slightly soluble, cloudy Slightly soluble, cloudy mixture, salt suspended mixture, salt suspended Water Table 5: Results from conductivity test on a 1wt% solution Trial Unknown sample (mS) “​salt used​” (mS) 1 5.52 4.99 2 5.54 6.32 3 5.9 6.0 average 5.65 5.77 Table 6: Results from precipitation test on a 1wt% solution Trial Unknown sample Unknown sample “​salt used​”​ with “​salt used​”​ with with silver nitrate with barium chloride silver nitrate barium chloride 1 Did not form Formed precipitate precipitate 2 Did not form precipitate Formed precipitate precipitate 3 Did not form Did not form Did not form precipitate Formed precipitate precipitate Did not form precipitate Formed precipitate Formed precipitate Formed precipitate Table 7: Results from gravimetric analysis Trial Unknown sample Percent yield “​salt used​” Percent yield Theoretical yield .26 g MgCO3 1 .06 23 % .01 4% 2 .07 27% .02 8% 3 .02 8% .05 19% average .05 19% .026 10% Calculations a. Preparation of a 1wt% solution b. Average of 3 trials for ​“​pick one test​” c. Theoretical yield from gravimetric analysis d. IV.​ Percent yield ​Discussion Discuss all the test and from each one show what allows you identify the unknown. V.​ ​Conclusion Conclude on your results. What was your unknown salt a what was the most valuable test to identify it. VI.​ ​Research connection Find a research paper that you find interesting What were they trying to do? What was the main experiment? What did they find? References ACS style 1 References in order of appearances, and use the number to cite them in the text 2 References in order of appearances, and use the number to cite them in the text 3 References in order of appearances, and use the number to cite them in the text 4 References in order of appearances, and use the number to cite them in the text General Chemistry I Lab Report Rubric – Project 1: Inorganic salts present in water samples Sections Sub-Sections / Descriptions Requirements Total Describe why it may be necessary to identify unknown chemicals in day-to-day life with specific examples. Background: A summary of a real-world example(s) and / or application(s) that affirm the importance / help introduce the chemistry of this lab. Note: Do not use the examples in the laboratory manual. If included in your laboratory report, no credit will be given. The example(s) and / or application(s) provided should demonstrate: - Research context for the problem(s) /3 and / or question(s) the experiment seeks to address. - Relate the problem to scientific theory, i.e. the qualitative/quantitative tests. - Explain how and why this research is important to conduct in the laboratory. Concepts that can be included but are not limited to: Qualitative/Quantitative analysis -Solubility -Conductivity Introduction Theory: Provide an overview of the key scientific concepts / theories that explain how the experiment works. -pH -Flame test /3 -Gravimetric analysis -Volumetric analysis The overall goal of this section should be to help familiarize your readers (who may be non-scientists) with the topics you have introduced and the importance of your work. Hypothesis: A hypothesis should logically express what the researcher thinks the overall outcome of the lab should be. Objectives: The goal to be achieved at the end of each part of the experiment and a summary on how those goals will be attained. Hypothesis: From the physical properties of your unknown (texture, color, etc.), what chemical do you hypothesize your unknown to be. Remember to include your rationale for why you think your hypothesis is reasonable. Objectives: Explain the objective for each week of the experiment. - Provide a brief explanation of the investigational method you will execute for each objective. /3 The two main tasks of this section are to: Part 1 Methods: This section should contain all of the details recorded in your notebook on how the experiments were carried out. This includes numerical details such as mass, volume, temperature, reaction time, etc. Describe the exact laboratory apparatus and laboratory procedure a researcher utilized to collected empirical data. - i.e. exact masses, volumes, glassware (with sizes), chemicals, equipment, etc. Describe the process of how to analyze the collected empirical data. /3 Provide a step-by-step procedure for: -Solubility Note: Each experiment should have its own appropriate subheading. -Conductivity -pH test -Flame test -Analysis of ions The two main tasks of this section are to: Describe the exact laboratory apparatus and laboratory procedure a researcher utilized to collected empirical data. - i.e. exact masses, volumes, glassware (with sizes), chemicals, equipment, etc. Methods Part 2 Methods: See description above. /3 Describe the process of how to analyze the collected empirical data. Provide a step-by-step procedure for: -Gravimetric analysis, or -Volumetric analysis Use a table to organize the safety information for each chemical utilized during the course of the experiment. Safety: Should contain information on the chemicals used in this experiment and the necessary precautions taken when using them. There should also be information on any other physical hazards (i.e. fire, sharp objects, etc.) and the precautions you took. Please provide all the information stated below for each chemical utilized: - Chemical Name Chemical Formula Molecular Weight Potential Hazards Safety Equipment Needed Please provide safety information on all laboratory equipment (excluding glassware) when applicable (ex. hot plate) - Equipment Name - Precautions Used /3 Part 1 Results: This section should contain all of the empirical data you obtained or calculated from the experiment you performed. Use a table to organize the empirical data you collected per trial for all the tests carried out. This includes but is not limited to: -Initial masses/volumes The data should be displayed appropriately, i.e. tabulated, graphed, etc. to make it easy for the reader to refer back to it in the corresponding discussion section. -Concentrations used/prepared /3 -Solubility -Conductivity -pH test Therefore, each table, graph, etc. should be numbered and titled appropriately. -Flame test -Analysis of ions Use a table to organize the empirical data you collected per trial for all the tests carried out. This includes but is not limited to: Results Part 2 Results: See description above. Calculations: Provide sample calculations for all equations used to analyze your results, even for nonobvious algebraic steps. For each type of calculation performed, this should include the mathematical formula and a sample calculation using that mathematical formula. Please number each sample calculation appropriately, to make it easier for the reader to refer to it in the corresponding discussion section. - Initial masses/volumes Moles reacted Concentrations used/prepared /3 Gravimetric analysis Volumetric analysis Theoretical yield / concentrations Standard deviation Percent error Sample calculations to include are: - Dilution Formula, (M1 ∙ V1 = M2 ∙ V2 ) - %wt solution - Preparing solutions - Theoretical yield / concentrations - Standard deviations - Percent error /3 Discuss the results obtained in Results Part 1. Compare and contrast the theory you described in the introduction (this proves you understand the theory). Part 1 Discussion: This portion of the paper should attempt to explain all of the results from the experiment in Part 1. You should also justify why certain decisions were made when carrying out the experiments (i.e. if there were options for techniques to be used, compounds to be tested, etc.). Describe your data in detail, especially the vital information that will help bolster or refute your hypothesis. Compare the standards and your unknown so you can formulate a strong argument to prove the nature of your unknown. Does the data support your hypothesis or hypotheses, why or why not? /3 Does the scientific theory behind the experiment assist you in providing an explanation for your results? Use the values from your results to support your arguments and compare them to theoretical values if possible. Discussion Tip: Use page 44 in your lab manual to obtain literature / theoretical values for each of your tests under Supplemental Information links. Discuss the results obtained in Results Part 2. Does the data support your hypothesis or hypotheses, why or why not? Part 2 Discussion: See description above. Use the values from your results to support your arguments and compare them to theoretical values if possible. Does the scientific theory behind the experiment assist you in providing an explanation for your results? Utilizing your calculated standard deviation and percent error values, compare the efficiency of the experimental technique you developed. /3 Sources of Error: Include any systematic and random errors that could possibly influence your results. Are your results reliable? Simply stating human error was present is not valid nor beneficial when considering how to improve your experimental methodology. - As the researcher, you need to mention Sources of Error: Discuss any major sources of error in the experiment that may have altered the experiment’s outcome. Discussion (continued) Changes to the Experiment: discuss any changes you would make to the experiment (to reduce errors, make the experiment more practical, etc.) and explain why. the specific type of error that occurred during the experiment. Examples of appropriate sources of error are listed below but are not limited to: - Measuring errors, (i.e. chemicals) - Improperly maintained equipment used /3 during the experiment - Improper cleaning / contamination - Discuss the uncertainty of your experimental data by providing statistical analysis when appropriate, i.e. standard deviation can be referenced. Changes to the Experiment: Identify how you would alter your experimental methodology to reduce or minimize errors and increase the reproducibility of your empirical data. What was the purpose of the experiment? A goal of this section is to include a restate the experiment’s hypothesis and objectives. Conclusion In addition, a summary should be provided on whether or not your hypothesis was affirmed or denied based on your empirical data. Finally, briefly outline any major sources of error that could have given unexpected results. Did you learn anything new when you executed the experiment? How did you investigate the problem and why investigate in that specific way? What evidence did you obtain that strongly supported or refuted your hypothesis? As the researcher, after completing the experiment do are you still have any unanswered questions, i.e. is further inquiry and investigation needed, why or why not? /3 Pick a concept or a technique related to the experiment and find a recent peerreviewed scientific article. - (i.e. must have been published within the last five (5) years) Utilize a scientific search engine such as: - This section should summarize an article (published in an accredited scientific journal) that is related to the experiment that you executed in the laboratory. Research Connection You should describe the technique(s) used in the article, the motivations for performing the experiment(s), the main findings, and how these factors relate to the experiment you performed. Google Scholar Science Direct Web of Science USF Library E-Journals Tip: Within your Canvas course there is a resource entitled ‘Searching the Literature for Sources’ that provides additional information on how to search the literature for appropriate research articles. When summarizing the article these are the questions you should answer: /3 What question(s) did the article address? What was / were the objective(s) of the article? What procedure(s) did they utilize to answer their proposed question(s)? What results did they collect and how did they analyze them? What were the conclusions of the experiment? Did the researchers answer their question(s) or is further inquiry and investigation needed? Any idea, concept, application etc., that did not originate from you personally must be cited. References Please utilize ACS (American Chemical Society) format and have both an in-text citation, as well as the full citation under the references heading. As a reminder, directly quoting an external source is unacceptable. You are required to paraphrase, in your own words, all cited information that appears in your laboratory report. Use ACS (American Chemical Society) citation format. All in-text citations should be cited with a superscript number, and should match the appropriate cited external reference in the references section. Superscript numbers are issued based on the order they appear in the document. They are not based on the alphabetical last name of the author of the external source your citing. /3 Size 12 font with Times New Roman is appropriate. An example utilizing the illustrated guidelines from the box directly to the left is written below. All sections, subsections, tables, charts, images, etc. must be headed and titled appropriately. Using the materials provided from the stockroom, the unknown sample was analyzed using the pH test…etc.. In addition, gravimetric/volumetric analysis was carried out to… etc. Use a font / text that is agreeable to the eye (ask your TA for specifics). Overall Format All sections (except the results section) should be written in paragraph form. /5 Tip # 1: On pp 15-16 of your laboratory manual you will find additional information on general laboratory guidelines you may utilize to develop your laboratory report. Also, all writing should be in past tense, passive voice. Present or future tense may be used only in the introduction. Tip # 2: On pp 65-72 of your laboratory manual you will find example visual aids of how to format the various sections of your laboratory report discussed above. Remember that the only sections allowed to be similar to your group members are the methods and results sections. Additional Information Reminder: You must submit a completed initial laboratory report to My Reviewers by the submission deadline of your course in order to receive the five (5) points allocated to that assignment. Partial points will not be given for incomplete initial lab reports.  Reminder: Please do not write your name on your initial or final lab report. All students should instead write the last five (5) digits of their USF ID number. Reminder: Plagiarism is unacceptable, so any form of plagiarism will result in a “0”. Total Score 50 / 50
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Explanation & Answer

Hi, please see the following paper - unless you can give me the details of the experiment, I can no longer elaborate this paper. Please provide more details so that we can incorporate it here :)

1

Inorganic Contaminants Present in a Sample of Water
Name:
CHM2440L
Class:

2

I. Introduction
The test for the presence of inorganic contaminants present in a water sample is
a very important and practical laboratory procedure. A very practical application of
testing the presence of inorganic salts in a water sample is on the quality assurance of
drinking water. Since water is a vital to life, it is considered very important to consider
and assure water quality especially after treatment. The contaminants in a water sample
can be tested through two general methods: quantitative and qualitative tests.
The different tests that allow for the characterization of the inorganic salts present
in a water sample include pH testing, solubility test, conductivity test, flame test,
precipitation test with Silver nitrate and Barium chloride and gravimetric analysis. The
pH of the water sample will give an idea on the presence of minerals that are in a water
sample. The solubility test on the other hand will characterize the salts present in a
water sample since the solubility of most inorganic compounds with water is known.
With conductivity test, the number of ions that are in the water sample can be estimated.
The flame test on the other hand will determine what the specific compound is through
the emission of a distinct color. Reaction with Silver nitrate would form a solid
compound if there is an anion present. Depending on the color of the precipitate, the
identity of the anion can now be possibly determined. Finally, gravimetric analysis will
identify the amount of the sample present in the water sample
These tests were done in the experiment with a known sample (salt). These were
done to assess the accuracy of the said methods. Knowing the exact sample, it was ...


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I was having a hard time with this subject, and this was a great help.

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