Thesis statements for annotated bibliography (attached)

User Generated

pnca_trrpu

Science

Description

200 words per citation. Citations and paper included.

Connections and relevance to the subject of the paper.

Unformatted Attachment Preview

Running Head: MARINE POLLUTION AND THE US NAVY Relationship between Marine Pollution and the US Navy Engineering Student’s Name: Instructor’s Name: Course: Date: 1 MARINE POLLUTION AND THE US NAVY 2 Environmental pollution and conservation of the same have been a great challenge to mankind over the last two centuries especially after the age of industrialization began. There have been many forms of environmental pollution ranging from air, to the soil as well as to water (Gray, 2015). However, this paper is going to focus on marine pollution or rather ocean pollution by most textile industries, especially in third world countries. The paper is going to analyze the causes of marine pollution, the effects as well as ways in which it can be controlled and reduced. However, all these will be discussed in detail and in relation to the field of a US Navy Engineering. We will see how Navy causes marine pollution, how the marine pollution is affecting the Navy and also how they can control the same. First of all, marine pollution occurs when potentially harmful or rather harmful effects result from the spread of invasive organisms, noise, residential, agricultural and industrial waste, and harmful particles as well as chemicals in the ocean. Research shows that 85% of marine pollution is caused by industries (Kant, 2012) Moreover, out of the 85%, more than 69% of the same represents the textile and manufacturing industries. In most third world countries, most textile and manufacturing industries do not have good sources and techniques put in place so as to take care or rather reduce the amounts of pollutants that are deposited into the large water bodies including oceans and seas. There are many forms or pathways that marine pollution can occur. They include direct discharge, land runoff, ship pollution, atmospheric pollution, and deep sea mining (Imtiazudddin, 2012). Before we look into the effects caused by the textile industries on the marine environment to eventually cayuse marine pollution, let us look at how the US Navy is playing a role in marine pollution. We all know that the Navy is associated with huge Naval Ships including survey ships, commercial vessels, low-frequency sonar platforms, and submarines. All these pose a great MARINE POLLUTION AND THE US NAVY 3 danger in as far as marine pollution is concerned. The major and the most prominent marine pollution effect that is caused by these Navy vessels is the marine noise pollution. The noise pollution has caused the deaths of many marine's aquatic life. To explain the above, according to Clark (1989), two major reasons why noise pollution is more prominent in water is because first of all, the speed of noise id thrice as fast is water as compared to its speed on air and secondly is that the marine life is highly sensitive in as far as noise pollution is concerned. Marine life is usually disrupted on a serious note due to their extreme reliance on the sound waves which are underwater so as to perform their usual basic functions including safeguarding themselves, mating activities and in search for food to ensure survival. Interruption of such sound waves, therefore, is highly catastrophic to their ways of life (Clark, 1989). It has been proven that even though these sounds do not have any negative effects on human beings, they can cause detrimental effects on the aquatic/marine life. There has been a reported 24% drop on aquatic life in the last five decades especially in areas prone to these waves like the naval bases (Clark, 1989). The major sources being the coastal jet ski, naval commercial shipping traffic, seismic airgun vibrations from gas and oil and the low-frequency sonar that is usually used by the submarine for obstacle detection purposes. Extreme underwater noise can cause the death of marine life after a few hours of exposure. Sound causes detrimental effects on the aquatic life. For example exposure to seismic airguns can cause severe damage to the ears and some of the internal organs of the fish and due to this, quick death usually strikes. Moreover, most naval bases have extremely sophisticated labs which encourage continuous research and innovation programs for their engineers. Due to this, any waste material that comes out of these research facilities including batteries and other harmful chemicals are MARINE POLLUTION AND THE US NAVY 4 dumped out to the oceans and seas (Kucuksezgin, 2006). This cause marine chemical pollution which eventually kills marine life. Therefore, we can see that major naval activities have led to the cause of marine noise pollution. According to Kucuksezgin (2006), here are three basic needs that a man possesses including shelter clothing and food. The textile industries on a global basis are considered to be huge and are worth over USD $560 and are expected to rise to over USD $800 in the next few decades due to the rising industries in the third world countries and more so it fulfills the second most basic requirement of human beings. In third world countries, textile industries are considered the most common industrial pollutants to air, soil as well as marine. Some of the third world countries with huge economies when ranked by their Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and doing extremely well in textile industries and at the same time high levels of marine pollution due to the same include, Haiti, Comoros, Mali, Ethiopia, Guinea, Afghanistan, Madagascar and Togo just to mention a few (Slabbekoom, 2015). Along the coastlines of these countries except Ethiopia are US naval bases. Due to the textile industries, the bases are facing a lot of effects. First of all, textile manufacturing industries or rather mills to be specific are well known for their high consumption of both artificial as well as natural resources like a variety of chemicals and fuel as well as water respectively. They are also characterized by long sequence process that leads to an eventual production of large amounts of waste be it on land, air and in water as well. In third world countries, most textile mills are only concerned about making money and profits while on the other hand do not care what happens to the environment. Clark (1989) argues that due to the low levels of technologies in these countries, textile mills lack both proper dumping mechanisms for waste as well as a good technological advancement which will MARINE POLLUTION AND THE US NAVY 5 help in ensuring that all the waste products released by the textile mills and manufacturing industries are properly treated so as to ensure safety of the environment before they are released. Textile mills usually generate oxides of Sulphur and nitrogen from their ovens and boilers (Kucuksezgin, 2006). Considering this fact, since the mills use a lot of water during its operations ranging from the washing of finished goods, dyeing, bleaching and also washing of fibers, the large amounts of water that is produced after use contains a lot of chemical substances. Due to the lack of proper treatment of such water before being released into the water sources, they are drained into larger water bodies which will eventually harm the marine life. Kucuksezgin (2006) also says that the most common contributor to foaming and BOD as well as effluent aquatic toxicity include surfactants and compounds like dispersants, emulsifiers, and detergents. All these are found in untreated waste products from the textile mills. When these waste products (chemicals) comes into contact with any form of metallic substance, they corrode them. This has always been a challenge to the naval warships, submarines as well as naval commercial ships and sonar devices on the sea. Since they are made of iron and steel alloys as well as copper when it comes into contacts with these chemicals, they become corroded and their life of service is reduced (Gray, 2015) It also makes it difficult for the naval engineers on deciding what they should do between innovating new ways of attacking their enemies or deal with the problem of corrosion. Moreover, as Navy seals, even though in the field of engineering, swim on a daily basis in the sea either as part of their usual routine training program or when performing their own research (Kant, 2012). However, while doing this, they are in a greater danger. This is because the waste products released into the oceans and seas by the textile mills as discussed above contains effluents that are in liquid form and of molecular sizes which are non-biodegradable and MARINE POLLUTION AND THE US NAVY 6 they can easily enter into the skin of a human being while swimming in the affected water for a longer period of time. When this happens, these substances accumulate in the primary body organs. This has led to serious diseases like cancer, tumors as well brain damage among others just to mention a few among the Navy engineers who are involved in innovations. Based on the above discussion and analysis, we can see that the US Navy plays a vital role in ensuring that they reduce marine noise pollution. As US Navy engineers, they to come up with a new way they can navigate through the sea without using any form of sonar radar (Imtiazuddin, 2012). Also, for the time being, they should come up with a way that will ensure the frequencies of the sonar radar are well spread out so as to ensure full attenuation and at the same time reducing the bandwidth between the frequency strings. This way, they will be able to reduce noise pollution through sonar frequencies. It is also the responsibility of the governments of the third world countries to ensure that they enact laws and policies that will ensure that any textile milling and manufacturing industry is forbidden from and prevented from dumping its waste products to the oceans and seas before treating them to ensure the safety of the marine life (Gordon, 2003). Gordon (2003) also argues that the same governments should also form environmental bodies that will help in enforcing these laws and policies. By doing this, reduction in marine pollution will be reduced and the navy seals will be benefited since they will not have to deal with the problem of corrosion by their ships in their undersea naval bases. In a nutshell, based on the above critical analysis about marine pollution which has turned out to be a global impact and its relation to the US Navy and textile mills in third world countries, it can be concluded that marine pollution has turned out to be a great menace. It is, therefore, the responsibility of naval engineers to ensure that they curb marine noise pollution MARINE POLLUTION AND THE US NAVY 7 and the governments of the third world countries to ensure that they carb marine chemical pollution through direct blast marine water pollution. Both can do this through innovation by the naval engineers and enacting laws and policies together with the bodies to enforce them by the third world countries' governments. This way, we will be able to guard our marine life. MARINE POLLUTION AND THE US NAVY 8 References Clark, R. B., Frid, C., & Attrill, M. (1989). Marine pollution (Vol. 4). Oxford: Clarendon Press. Retrieved from; http://site.iugaza.edu.ps/elnabris/files/2015/09/1_What-is-pollution.pdf Gordon, J., Gillespie, D., Potter, J., Frantzis, A., Simmonds, M. P., Swift, R., & Thompson, D. (2003). A review of the effects of seismic surveys on marine mammals. Marine Technology Society Journal, 37(4), 16-34. Retrieved from; http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/mts/mtsj/2003/00000037/00000004/art00003 Gray, J. S., McIntyre, A. D., & Stirn, J. (2015). Manual of Methods in Aquatic Environment Research: Biological assessment of marine pollution. Food & Agriculture Org. Retrieved from; https://books.google.co.ke/books?hl=en&lr=&id=X_MdGmaChDgC&oi=fnd&pg=PA1& dq=assessment+of+marine+pollution&ots=0plkfelqFV&sig=SOawWUWIjoASRkliHQ9l AQSvOZw&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=assessment%20of%20marine%20pollution&f=f alse Imtiazuddin, S. M., Mumtaz, M., & Mallick, K. A. (2012). Pollutants of wastewater Characteristics in textile industries. Journal of Basic & Applied Sciences, 8, 554-556. Retrieved from; http://www.lifescienceglobal.com/images/Journal_articles/JBASV8N2A47Imtiazuddin.pdf Kant, R. (2012). Textile dyeing industry an environmental hazard. Natural science, 4(1), 22-26. MARINE POLLUTION AND THE US NAVY 9 Retrieved from; https://s3.amazonaws.com/academia.edu.documents/31918142/NS20120100003_728668 00.pdf?AWSAccessKeyId=AKIAIWOWYYGZ2Y53UL3A&Expires=1519697727&Sig nature=xb0WGlTOALnjp%2FBTrPj0fVQR3HQ%3D&response-contentdisposition=inline%3B%20filename%3DTextile_dyeing_industry_an_environmental.pdf Kucuksezgin, F., Kontas, A., Altay, O., Uluturhan, E., & Darılmaz, E. (2006). Assessment of Marine pollution in Izmir Bay: Nutrient, heavy metal and total hydrocarbon concentrations. Environment International, 32(1), 41-51. Slabbekoorn, H., Bouton, N., van Opzeeland, I., Coers, A., ten Cate, C., & Popper, A. N. (2010). A noisy spring: the impact of globally rising underwater sound levels on fish. Trends in ecology & evolution, 25(7), 419-427. Retrieved from; https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0169534710000832
Purchase answer to see full attachment
User generated content is uploaded by users for the purposes of learning and should be used following Studypool's honor code & terms of service.

Explanation & Answer

Attached.

Running Head: MARINE POLLUTION AND THE US NAVY

1

Annotated Bibliography: Relationship between Marine Pollution and the US Navy Engineering
Student’s Name:
Instructor’s Name:
Course:
Date:

MARINE POLLUTION AND THE US NAVY

2

Gray, J. S., McIntyre, A. D., & Stirn, J. (2015). Manual of Methods in Aquatic Environment
Research: Biological assessment of marine pollution. Food & Agriculture Org. Retrieved
from;
https://books.google.co.ke/books?hl=en&lr=&id=X_MdGmaChDgC&oi=fnd&pg=PA1&
dq=assessment+of+marine+pollution&ots=0plkfelqFV&sig=SOawWUWIjoASRkliHQ9l
AQSvOZw&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=assessment%20of%20marine%20pollution&f=f
alse. Assessed 28th February 2018
According to Gray and the other authors of this source, research shows that 85% of
marine pollution is caused by industries. Moreover, out of the 85%, more than 69% of the
same represents the textile and manufacturing industries, especially in the third world
countries. This source basically explains about all the chemicals that are exposed into the
oceans and seas which eventually cause marine pollution. The source talks of nutrients,
sewage, oil, metals, and synthetic organic compounds, radionuclides mostly used in
textile industries as well as in naval lab bases, and plastic litter as well as particulates.
Since all the above-mentioned chemical contaminations are related to textile industries
and some of the naval base operations, it will help me in looking deeper into ways in
which textile industries cause marine pollution and how is it related to Navy Seals. This
is, therefore, the main reason why I chose this source. It will help me accomplish all the
major requirements of the research paper I am ...


Anonymous
Really helped me to better understand my coursework. Super recommended.

Studypool
4.7
Trustpilot
4.5
Sitejabber
4.4

Related Tags