In this course you have been asked to identify 3 research articles that pertain to a practice issue (PICOT question)that you have chosen. You will appraise the research and determine the currency of nursing practice related to the practice issue. This is the basis of evidence-based practice. To assist in the appraisal of the research, you will do an evidence table using the three articles that you have identified. The template for this assignment will be provided to you. The research articles used for this assignment must be reports of single research studies (use the research articles that you submitted for the literature search). Literature reviews, program evaluations, psychometric evaluations, systematic reviews and meta-analysis or metasynthesis are important pieces of evidence but are NOT appropriate for this assignment. The research articles that you identify should meet the following criteria: • Be current (published within the last 5 - 8 years) • Be complete reports of single research studies • Be from a peer-reviewed, scholarly journals It is preferable that the article is from a scholarly nursing journal, but it is recognized that nurses may be a part of an interdisciplinary research team that publishes in journals outside of the discipline of nursing. In this case, one of the authors of the article must be a nurse. It is imperative that the nursing perspective be present in the research. Template for evidence Table Evidence Table Grading Rubric (1) (6).doc Evidence Table Grading Rubric (10% of the grade) Each article is worth 3.3% Content Purpose/hypothesis / research question/aim Conceptual or theoretical framework Phenomenon (if qualitative research) Independent and dependent variables (if quantitative research) Research Design 1)Sampling plan 2)The sample 3) The setting Data collection methods Statistical Quantitative Analysis OR Qualitative Analysis Results/Findings Strength and Weakness Correct and complete identification of the research component. Comprehensive critique 1 Points Content identified but not clear or specific to the research and/or incorrect. Some critique present 0.5 Point No #1 identification of research component. No critique 1 Points 0.5 Point 0 Points 1 Points 0.5 Point 0 Points 1 Point 2 Points 0.5 Point 1.0 Point 0 Points 0 Points 1 Points 0.5 Points 0 Points 2 Points 1.0 Points 0 Points 1 Points 0.5 Points 0 Points 0 Points #2 #3 Evidence Table Template Name_________________________________ (See key below for description of what information belongs in each row; please attach an APA-formatted reference list) Article #1 Authors (reference) Purpose/hypothesis/ research question/aim Conceptual or theoretical framework Phenomenon (if qualitative research) Variables (if quantitative research) Identify the Independent and Dependent variables Design 1)Sampling plan 2)The sample 3) The setting Intervention (if applicable) Data collection methods Statistical Analysis: Type of Qualitative Analysis OR type of Qualitative analysis Results/Findings Article #2 Article #3 Strengths and Weaknesses Key: Authors: In the table identify the authors by using an appropriate APA formatted citation as you would list in text. An APA formatted reference list should be included in this assignment and appear on a separate page from the table. Purpose/hypothesis/research question/aim: Each research study has to have a purpose statement, a hypothesis, a research question or an aim. Some research studies may contain more than one. These let the reader know exactly what to expect from the research and can be used to validate the steps of the study. Please identify which ones are reported in the article. It is suggested that you use a direct quote for this information as paraphrasing may compromise the true intent of the study. Properly cite the quote. Conceptual/Theoretical Framework: Conceptual and theoretical frameworks help define the concepts that will be studied and the relationship between the concepts. Not all research has an explicit conceptual or theoretical framework. Please identify if one was used in the research and briefly describe it. If there is no conceptual or theoretical framework, write N/A. Phenomenon or concepts/variables: Each study is designed around understanding a phenomenon, concepts/variables or the relationships among these concepts. If a study is a qualitative study, a phenomenon of interest may be under study. Indentify it as a phenomenon and identify it. If a study is a quantitative study, the researcher will be trying to understand concepts/variables. Identify each one that is being studied (and will later be measured). For quantitative studies identify the variable as an independent or dependent variable. Design: Identify if the study was a qualitative or quantitative study and the type of qualitative or quantitative study. Sampling plan, Sample, Setting: 1) The sampling plan identifies the type of sampling employed by the researchers including how the participants were recruited for the study. Identify the type of sampling used and the recruitment strategy. 2) The sample refers to the subset of the population that participates in the study. The details of the sample should be described including number and characteristics of the study participants so that comparisons can be made to the population. 3) The setting refers to where the study took place. Identify the setting of the study. Intervention: If the study is a quantitative study, there may be an intervention or a manipulation that is performed by the researcher to evaluate its outcome on the dependent variable. If there is an intervention in the study, describe it. If there is no intervention, write N/A. Data Collection Methods: Data collection methods refer to how the researcher gathered the data for the study. For qualitative studies, the researcher should report on how they collected data on the phenomenon of interest. More than one method may be used. Identify each method. Quantitative studies entail collecting data on each of the variables identified in the study. If there are 5 variables that were identified in the study, there should be five methods of data collection with one for each variable. Identify each data collection method and be specific in regards to the instrument that was used (include how the instrument was scored, reliability and validity).Also identify how demographic data was collected. Statistical Analysis/Analysis: 1) For quantitative studies, identify the type of statistics that were used in the analysis, and identify the specific statistical tests that were used (examples Pearson Moment Correlation test, ANOVA, T-test, Chi- square, multiple regression etc) . For qualitative studies, describe the type of analysis that was used in the study, how the date was analyzed (management and organization), and Trustworthiness and integrity of the data (credibility, dependability, confirmability, transferability and authenticity Results/Findings: Identify the results of the studies and be specific. If the study fit qualitative methodology, themes or categories of data may be reported. List these. If the study fit quantitative methodology, the specific findings that resulted from the statistical analysis should be identified and should match the purpose statement of the research. For example, if the purpose of the study was to examine the effects of nurses’ home visits on the breastfeeding exclusivity of new mothers, the findings should report the effectiveness of this intervention of home visits on the outcome of breastfeeding exclusivity. Strength and Weakness: Identify the strength and weakness of the study. . UTI is an infection that affects the urinary tract (urethra, ureter, kidneys, bladder, and prostate in men) and it is more prevalent in women than in men. Besides, diabetic patients are more prone to UTI further complicating their conditions which, if not well managed, may lead to costly medical care (Aswani et al., 2014). Therefore, this PICOT question focuses on preventing urinary tract infections in diabetic patients using EBP. The rationale that the researcher used to arrive at researching this area was that patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus had higher chances of being infected by UTI than those without diabetes (Aswani et al., 2014). A study indicated that 9% of the diabetic patients are at risk of getting UTI as compared to 6% of those without diabetes. On the other hand, a different study indicated that diabetic patients had a 60% higher risk of getting UTI as compared to other people without diabetes (Pagano et al., 2017). Poor circulation has been pointed out as one of the factors that increase the chance of diabetic patients getting UTI as it limits the ability of white blood cells to travel in the body and contain any infection effectively. On the other, the study uses women as opposed to members of both genders as women have a higher chance of contracting UTI than men hence the increasing the possibility of achieving more accurate results. PICOT Question In adult type 2 diabetic women (P) does increasing fluid intake to two liters per day (I) prevent the occurrence of UTI’s (O) when compared with patients who have less than 1 liter of fluid intake daily (C) over a period of three months (T). The PICOT elements are as follows: Population: Adult Diabetic Type 2 Patients Intervention: Taking two liters of water per day Comparison: One group of diabetic patients with increased fluid intakes of two liters per day vs a group of diabetic patients with regular fluid intake under one liter per day Outcome: Prevent incidents of UTI occurrences among diabetic type 2 females Time: Duration of the study will be 3 months during which urine samples will be collected every two weeks. References Aswani, S.M., Chandrashekar, U.K., Shivashankara, K.N., & Pruthvi, B.C. (2014). Usually turn non-diabetics. Australasian Medical Journal, 7(1), 29-34. Foxman, B., & Buxton, M. (2013). Alternative approaches to conventional treatment of acute uncomplicated urinary tract infection in women. Current Infectious Disease Reports, 15(2), 124-9. Pagano, M.J., Barbalat, Y., Theofanides, M.C., Edokpolo, L., James, M.B., & Cooper, K.L.(2017). Diagnostic yield of cystoscopy in the evaluation of recurrent urinary tract infection in women. Neurourology and Urodynamics, 36(3), 692-696.
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