• Analyze a provided data file for a scenario and write a 2–4 page management report detailing your findings and recommendations based on the results. Note: The assessments in this course build upon each other, so you are strongly encouraged to complete them in sequence. By successfully completing this assessment, you will demonstrate your proficiency in the following course competencies and assessment criteria: • o • o • o o • o • o • • • Competency 1: Evaluate the quality and fit of data for use in business analysis. Analyze data to develop conclusions that address management concerns regarding campus crime rates. Competency 2: Analyze business decision opportunities using descriptive statistics. Analyze ethical considerations in the collection and analysis of descriptive statistics data to support decision making. Competency 3: Analyze business decision opportunities using basic inferential statistics. Compute a statistical test to determine acceptance or rejection of a null hypothesis. Analyze a 95 percent confidence interval solution using provided data. Competency 5: Apply data analysis to general business management planning and decision making. Compile findings into a management report with details for recommended actions. Competency 6: Communicate in a manner that is professional and consistent with expectations for members of the business professions. Communicate in a manner that is professional and consistent with expectations for members of the business professions. Questions to Consider To deepen your understanding, you are encouraged to consider the questions below and discuss them with a fellow learner, a work associate, an interested friend, or a member of the business community. The term inference refers to parameter estimation and hypotheses testing. Hypothesis testing could be conducted based on the p-value (critical value), or based on construction of confidence intervals. Are you confident in making inferences for business decisions based on confidence interval and p-value (or critical value) approaches? How would you use the confidence interval approach to make inferences for business decisions, based on the difference between two population rates? Do you have a preference between the two approaches for making statistical decisions to support business strategy? If so, why? Resources Required Resources The following resource contains the data needed to complete the assessment. • Campus Crime Data. Suggested Resources The resources provided here are optional. You may use other resources of your choice to prepare for this assessment; However, you will need to ensure that they are appropriate, credible, and valid. They provide helpful information about the topics in this unit. The MBA-FP6018 – Data Analysis for Business Decisions Library Guide can help direct your research. The Supplemental Resources and Research Resources, both linked from the left navigation menu in your courseroom, provide additional resources to help support you. The following texts provide instruction in Statistics. • Bowerman, B., O'Connell, R., & Murphree, E. (2014). Business statistics in practice (7th ed.). New York, NY: McGraw Hill. Available from the bookstore This analysis cutting tool was designed to provide rapid customized reports for public inquiries relating to campus crime and fire data. • U.S. Department of Education. (n.d.). The campus safety and security data analysis cutting tool [Data files]. Retrieved from http://ope.ed.gov/security/ Additional Resources for Further Exploration The following text provides instruction for statistical analysis in Microsoft Excel. • Salkind, N. J. (2016). Excel statistics: A quick guide (3rd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. Available from the bookstore The following text provides instruction for SAS one of the most commonly used statistical analysis tools in business. • Slaughter, S. J., & Delwiche, L. D. (2010). The little SAS book for Enterprise Guide 4.2. Cary, NC: SAS Institute. Available from the bookstore Statistics Tutorials The following tutorials explore statistical topics related to the assessment. • StatisticsLectures.com (Producer). (n.d.). Independent samples t-test [Video] | Transcript. Retrieved from http://www.statisticslectures.com/topics/independentsamplest/ Additional Statistics Tutorials This website offers resources that cover many topics in statistics, including presentations that illustrate how to use software to implement statistical methods. • • StatisticsLectures.com (Producer). (n.d.). Confidence intervals for the difference of two proportions[Video] | Transcript. Retrieved from http://www.statisticslectures.com/topics/ciproportions/ StatisticsLectures.com (Producer). (n.d.). Confidence intervals for independent samples t-test [Video] | Transcript. Retrieved from http://www.statisticslectures.com/topics/ciindependentsamplest/ • Assessment Instructions To complete this assessment, use data analysis software and the Campus Crime Data Excel file, linked in the Resources under the Required Resources heading. The Excel file contains two data sheets: 1. The Campus Crime Data for Minnesota (2009–2011) page provides actual data generated by the U.S. Department of Education's Campus Safety and Security Data Analysis Cutting Tool. 2. The Campus Crime Data Codebook explains the labels used in the Campus Crime Data sheet. Practical Application Scenario As a result of recent campus safety concerns at Capella University, you have been engaged by campus security team leaders to gather and analyze data about oncampus crime rates in schools in the state of Minnesota. Crime data from 181 Minnesota campuses has been compiled in the Campus Crime Data file. Write a management report for campus security team leaders analyzing and evaluating campus crime data for Minnesota. Include your findings and recommendations for your clients. In your report, be sure to examine the following: 3. Identify what crimes were most commonly committed on Minnesota campuses between 2009 and 2011. Based on the data, would you say the crime rates decreased or increased from 2009 to 2011? 4. The campus security leaders believe that the total crime rate in public institutions is more than that in private institutions. They have asked you to test that hypothesis. Describe your results. 5. Your clients would also like you to develop a 95 percent confidence interval for the difference in total campus crime rates between public and private institutions in Minnesota. Report your results. 6. Analyze what ethical issues, if any, should concern you in conducting your research. Additional Requirements Compile your work and report in a 2–4 page Word document. Include whatever relevant tables and graphics you need to support your findings. Place your tables and graphics within the text and be sure to clearly title them. Your tables and graphics must be legible and suitable for inclusion in a management report. Reference U.S. Department of Education. (n.d.). The campus safety and security data analysis cutting tool [Data files]. Retrieved from http://ope.ed.gov/security/ Campus Crime Data for Minnesota (2009–20 UNITID_P 125231001 172866001 172918001 172927001 172954001 172963001 172963002 173045001 173045002 173063001 173063002 173063003 173115001 173124001 173142001 173160001 173179001 173203001 173203002 173258001 173300001 173328001 173416001 173452001 173461001 173470001 173489001 173559001 173559002 173559003 173559004 173629001 173638001 173638002 173638003 173638004 173638005 173638006 173638009 173638010 173647001 173665001 173683001 173708001 INSTNM Walden University Academy College Alexandria Technical & Community College American Indian OIC Inc Anoka Technical College Anoka-Ramsey Community College Anoka-Ramsey Community College Augsburg College Augsburg College Riverland Community College Riverland Community College Riverland Community College Northwest Technical College Bemidji State University Bethany Lutheran College Bethel University Bethel Seminary-St. Paul Central Lakes College-Brainerd Central Lakes College-Brainerd Carleton College Concordia College at Moorhead Concordia University-Saint Paul Dakota County Technical College Martin Luther College Lake Superior College Cosmetology Careers Unlimited-Duluth Duluth Business University Minnesota State Community and Technical College Minnesota State Community and Technical College Minnesota State Community and Technical College Minnesota State Community and Technical College Globe University-Woodbury Minnesota West Community and Technical College Minnesota West Community and Technical College Minnesota West Community and Technical College Minnesota West Community and Technical College Minnesota West Community and Technical College Minnesota West Community and Technical College Minnesota West Community and Technical College Minnesota West Community and Technical College Gustavus Adolphus College Hamline University Hazelden Graduate School of Addiction Studies Hennepin Technical College 173708002 173726001 173735001 173744001 173799001 173805001 173887001 173896001 173902001 173911001 173911002 173920001 173920002 173939001 173957001 173966001 173984001 173993001 173993002 174020001 174066001 174066003 174075001 174118001 174127001 174136001 174154001 174190001 174206001 174233001 174251001 174279001 174321001 174358001 174358002 174376001 174385001 174394001 174428001 174437001 174473001 174473002 174482001 174491001 174507001 174525001 174534001 Hennepin Technical College Cosmetology Careers Unlimited-Hibbing Hibbing Community College-A Technical and Community College Aveda Institute-Minneapolis Inver Hills Community College Itasca Community College The Art Institutes International-Minnesota Luther Seminary Macalester College South Central College South Central College Minnesota State University-Mankato Minnesota State University-Mankato Regency Beauty Institute-Blaine Mayo Medical School Mayo School of Health Sciences Argosy University-Twin Cities Mesabi Range Community and Technical College Mesabi Range Community and Technical College Metropolitan State University University of Minnesota-Twin Cities University of Minnesota-Twin Cities University of Minnesota-Crookston Minneapolis Business College Minneapolis College of Art and Design Minneapolis Community and Technical College Herzing University-Minneapolis Minnesota School of Cosmetology Crossroads College University of Minnesota-Duluth University of Minnesota-Morris Minnesota School of Business-Richfield Model College of Hair Design Minnesota State University Moorhead Minnesota State University Moorhead North Hennepin Community College National American University-Roseville Brown College-Mendota Heights Normandale Community College North Central University Northland Community and Technical College Northland Community and Technical College Northwest Technical Institute Northwestern College Northwestern Health Sciences University Oak Hills Christian College Regency Beauty Institute-Burnsville 174570001 174604001 174738001 174747001 174756001 174765001 174783001 174792001 174817001 174817002 174844001 174862001 174899001 174899002 174899003 174899004 174899005 174914001 174914002 174914004 174932001 174978001 175005001 175005002 175014001 175014002 175014003 175014004 175014005 175014006 175014007 175041001 175078001 175120001 175139001 175157001 175227001 175236001 175236002 175263001 175263002 175272001 175272002 175281001 175315001 365426001 367194001 Pine Technical College Rainy River Community College Rochester Community and Technical College College of Saint Benedict St Cloud Technical and Community College Regency Beauty Institute-Waite Park Saint Cloud State University Saint Johns University Saint Mary's University of Minnesota Saint Mary's University of Minnesota St Olaf College Crown College The College of Saint Scholastica The College of Saint Scholastica The College of Saint Scholastica The College of Saint Scholastica The College of Saint Scholastica University of St Thomas University of St Thomas University of St Thomas College of Visual Arts Empire Beauty School-Bloomington St Catherine University St Catherine University Rasmussen College-Minnesota Rasmussen College-Minnesota Rasmussen College-Minnesota Rasmussen College-Minnesota Rasmussen College-Minnesota Rasmussen College-Minnesota Rasmussen College-Minnesota Saint Paul College-A Community and Technical College Southwest Minnesota State University Summit Academy Opportunities Industrialization Center United Theological Seminary of the Twin Cities Vermilion Community College Dunwoody College of Technology Ridgewater College Ridgewater College Minnesota State College-Southeast Technical Minnesota State College-Southeast Technical Winona State University Winona State University William Mitchell College of Law Century Community and Technical College Mayo Graduate School McNally Smith College of Music 374024001 Adler Graduate School 380368001 Fond du Lac Tribal and Community College 407285001 Minnesota School of Business-Brooklyn Center 413413002 Capella University 413626001 Leech Lake Tribal College 417600001 Hastings Beauty School 430050001 Anthem College-Minnesota 434751001 White Earth Tribal and Community College 436483001 National American University-Bloomington 440767001 National American University-Brooklyn Center 440767002 National American University-Brooklyn Center 440800001 Miami Ad School-Minneapolis 442578001 Minnesota School of Business-Plymouth 443979001 PCI Academy 445081001 ITT Technical Institute-Eden Prairie 445221001 Regency Beauty Institute-Maplewood 445382001 Everest Institute-Eagan 445407001 DeVry University-Minnesota 445504001 Empire Beauty School-St Paul 445920001 Minnesota School of Business-Waite Park 445939001 Minnesota School of Business-Shakopee 446002001 American Academy of Acupuncture and Oriental Medicine 446844001 Le Cordon Bleu College of Culinary Arts-Minneapolis 447342001 Regency Beauty Institute-Minnetonka 447670001 Minnesota School of Business-Rochester 449214001 Regency Beauty Institute-Duluth 451769001 Minnesota School of Business-Blaine 453570001 Empire Beauty School-Eden Prairie 454616001 Institute of Production and Recording 455585001 Minnesota School of Business-Moorhead 456135001 Empire Beauty School-Spring Lake Park 456782001 Minnesota School of Business-Elk River 456834001 Globe University-Minneapolis 456959001 University of Minnesota-Rochester 457651001 CenterPoint Massage and Shiatsu Therapy School and Clinic 457679001 Avalon School of Cosmetology 458742001 Minnesota School of Business-Lakeville 459426001 Nova Academy of Cosmetology 460561001 Park Avenue School of Cosmetology 461546001 Rochester School of Hair Design 470870001 ITT Technical Institute-Brooklyn Center 474881001 Minneapolis Media Institute 475291001 Brown College-Brooklyn Center End of Worksheet Crime Data for Minnesota (2009–2011) BRANCH Academic Offices Main Campus Alexandria Technical and Community College American Indian OIC Anoka Technical College Main Campus Anoka-Ramsey Community College-Coon Rapids Campus ANOKA-RAMSEY COMMUNITY COLLEGE-CAMBRIDGE CAMPUS Main Campus Rochester Program Main Campus Albert Lea Campus Owatonna College and University Center Northwest Technical College Bemidji State University (Main Campus) Bethany Lutheran College Bethel University - Main Campus Bethel University - Main Campus Brainerd Campus Staples Main Campus Carleton College Concordia College Main Campus Main Campus Main Campus Trinity Road Campus Main Campus Duluth Business University Main Campus - M State Fergus Falls campus M State - Detroit Lakes campus M State - Moorhead Campus M State - Wadena Campus Globe University - Woodbury Minnesota West-Granite Falls Campus Minnesota West-Worthington Campus Minnesota West-Canby Campus Minnesota West-Pipestone Campus Minnesota West-Jackson Campus Minnesota West - Fairmont Site Minnesota West - Luverne Center Redwood Falls Learning Center Gustavus Adolphus College Main Campus Main Campus Main campus Address 100 Washington Avenue South, Suite 900 1101 E. 78th Street, Suite 100 1601 JEFFERSON ST 1845 E. Franklin Ave 1355 W HWY 10 11200 MISSISSIPPI BLVD, NW 300 Spirt River Drive South 2211 RIVERSIDE AVE 2619 NW 9th Ave. 1900 8TH Ave NW 2200 Riverland Drive 965 Alexander Dr SW 905 GRANT AVE SE 1500 BIRCHMONT DR NE 700 LUTHER DR 3900 BETHEL DR 3949 BETHEL DR 501 WEST COLLEGE DRIVE 1830 Airport Road One North College Street 901 S 8TH ST 1282 Concordia Avenue 1300 E 145TH ST 1995 LUTHER CT 2101 TRINITY RD 121 W SUPERIOR ST 4724 Mike Colalillo Drive 1414 COLLEGE WAY 900 HWY 34 E 1900 28TH AVE S 405 SW COLFAX AVE BOX 566 8089 Globe Drive 1593 11th Avenue 1450 Collegeway 1011 First Street West 1314 North Hiawatha Avenue 401 West Street 115 South Park Street 311 North Spring Street 403 South Mill St 800 West College Avenue 1536 HEWITT AVENUE 15251 Pleasant Valley Rd 9000 Brooklyn Blvd Eden Prairie Main Campus Main Campus Main Campus Main Campus Main Campus The Art Institutes International Minnesota Luther Seminary Main Campus North Mankato Campus Faribault Campus Main Campus Minnesota State University, Mankato at Edina REGENCY BEAUTY INSTITUTE Main Campus Main Campus Argosy University - Twin Cities MESABI RANGE COMMUNITY & TECHNICAL COLLEGE - Virginia MESABI RANGE COMMUNITY AND TECHNICAL COLLEGE Main Campus Main Campus Saint Paul Crookston Campus Main Campus Main Campus Main Campus Main Campus Minnesota School of Cosmetology - Woodbury Crossroads College University of Minnesota Duluth U OF M, MORRIS Minnesota School of Business - Richfield Model College of Hair Design Main Campus Regional Science Center Main Campus NAU-Roseville Main Campus Main Campus North Central University Thief River Falls East Grand Forks Main Campus Main Campus Main Campus Oak Hills Christian College REGENCY BEAUTY INSTITUTE 13100 College View Drive 2534 East Beltline 1515 E 25TH ST 400 CENTRAL AVE SE 2500 80TH ST E 1851 HWY 169 E 15 S 9TH ST, La Salle Building 2481Como Avenue 1600 GRAND AVE 1920 Lee Boulevard 1225 Third Street SW SOUTH RD AND ELLIS AVE 7700 France Avenue 1351 113th Ave NE 200 1ST ST SW 200 FIRST ST SW 1515 CENTRAL PARKWAY 1001 CHESTNUT ST WEST 1100 INDUSTRIAL PARK DR 700 E SEVENTH ST 100 CHURCH STREET SE 100 Church Street S.E. 105 SELVIG HALL 1711 W COUNTY RD B 2501 STEVENS AVE S 1501 HENNEPIN AVE 5700 W BROADWAY 1750 WEIR DRIVE 920 MAYOWOOD RD SW 1049 University Drive 600 EAST 4TH STREET 1401 W 76 ST 201 EIGHTH AVE S 1104 7th Avenue South 663 164th Street South 7411 85TH AVE N 1550 WEST HIGHWAY 36 1345 Mendota Heights Road 9700 FRANCE AVE S 910 ELLIOT AVE 1101 HWY 1E 2022 CENTRAL AVE NE 950 Blue Gentian Road 3003 SNELLING AVE N 2501 W 84TH ST 1600 OAK HILLS RD SW 14350 Buck Hill Road Main Campus Main Campus University Center Rochester College of Saint Benedict - Main Campus St. Cloud Technical & Community College Regency Beauty Institute Main Campus Main Campus Winona Campus SAINT MARY'S UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA Twin Cities Campus Main Campus Crown College Main Campus St. Paul, Minnesota Campus Brainerd, Minnesota Campus St. Cloud, Minnesota Campus Rochester, Minnesota Campus St. Paul Campus (Main Campus) Minneapolis Campus Gainey Campus Main Campus Empire Beauty School, Bloomington MN St. Paul Campus Minneapolis Campus Rasmussen College-St Cloud Rasmussen College - Brooklyn Park Campus Rasmussen College - Eagan Rasmussen College - Bloomington Rasmussen College - Lake Elmo/Woodbury Rasmussen College - Mankato Rasmussen College- Blaine Main Campus Southwest Minnesota State University Summit Academy OIC United Theological Seminary of the Twin Cities Vermilion Community College Main Campus Willmar Campus Hutchinson Campus Main Campus Red Wing Campus Main Campus Winona State University Rochester Center Main Campus Main Campus Main Campus Main Campus 900 4TH ST SE 1501 HWY 71 851 30TH AVE SE 37 SOUTH COLLEGE AVENUE 1540 Northway Drive 110 2nd Street South #116 720 4TH AVE S Box 2000 700 TERRACE HTS # 71 2500 Park Avenue South 1520 ST OLAF AVE 8700 College View Drive 1200 KENWOOD AVE 340 Cedar Street, Suite 50 501 West College Drive 4150 2nd St South, Ste 330 221 1st Avenue SW Suite 100 2115 SUMMIT AVE 1000 LaSalle 2480 South County Road 45 344 SUMMIT AVE 9749 Lyndale Avenue South 2004 RANDOLPH AVE 601 25th Avenue 226 Park Ave S 8301 93rd Ave N 3500 Federal Drive 4400 West 78th Street 8565 Eagle Point Circle 130 Saint Andrews Drive 3629 95th Avenue NE 235 MARSHALL AVE 1501 STATE ST 935 OLSON MEMORIAL HWY 3000 FIFTH ST NW 1900 East Camp Street 818 DUNWOODY BLVD 2101 15TH AVE NW 2 CENTURY AVE SE 1250 HOMER RD 308 PIONEER RD 8TH AND JOHNSON ST 859 30th Avenue S.E. 875 SUMMIT AVE 3300 CENTURY AVE N 200 1ST ST SW 19 Exchange St E Main Campus Main Campus Minnesota School of Business - Brooklyn Center Capella University Leech Lake Tribal College Main Campus Anthem College - St. Louis Park White Earth Tribal and Community College NAU-Bloomington NAU-Brooklyn Center NAU - Minnetonka Miami Ad School Minneapolis Minnesota School of Business - Plymouth PCI Academy Main Campus Regency Beauty Institute Main Campus Edina Center Empire Beauty School - St. Paul, MN Minnesota School of Business - St. Cloud Minnesota School of Business - Shakopee Main Campus Le Cordon Bleu College of Culinary Arts Regency Beauty Institute Minnesota School of Business - Rochester Regency Beauty Institute Minnesota School of Business - Blaine Empire Beauty School, Eden Prarie MN Institute of Production and Recording Minnesota School of Business - Moorhead Empire Beauty School, Spring Lake Park MN Minnesota School of Business - Elk River Globe University - Minneapolis University of Minnesota Rochester Main Campus Avalon School of Cosmetology Minnesota School of Business - Lakeville Main Campus Main Campus Main Campus Main Campus Branch Campus Main Campus 1550 East 78th Street 2101 14TH ST 5910 SHINGLE CREEK PKY 225 S. 6th Street 6945 Littlewolf Rd. NW. PO Box 180 221 East 2nd St. 5100 Gamble Dr., 2nd Floor 202 Main Street South 7801 Metro Parkway, Suite 200 6200 Shingle Creek Parkway - STE 130 10901 Red Circle Drive, Suite 150 25 North 4th Street , Suite 201 1455 COUNTY RD 101 NORTH 4411 Winnetka Ave N 8911 Columbine Road 3000 White Bear Ave - Suite 27 1000 Blue Gentian Road, Suite 250 7700 France Ave. S., Ste. 575 1905 SUBURBAN AVE 1201 2nd Street South 1200 Shakopee Town Square 1925 W COUNTY RD B-2 1315 Mendota Heights Rd 12993 Ridgedale Drive-Ste 103 2521 Pennington Drive NW 5115 Burning Tree Road 3680 Pheasant Ridge Dr NE 964 Prairie Center Dr. 300 North First Ave 2777 34th St S 8205 University Ave 11500 193rd Ave NW IDS Center Ste 51, 80 South 8th St 300 University Square 111 South Broadway 5300 W 35th Street 1428 N McMillan St 17685 Juniper Path 1629 N Broadway Ste 7 306 Main Ave S 4229 Highway 52 North 6120 Earle Brown Drive, Suite 100 4100 W 76th Street 5951 Earle Brown Dr City MINNEAPOLIS MINNEAPOLIS ALEXANDRIA Minneapolis ANOKA COON RAPIDS Cambridge MINNEAPOLIS Rochester Austin Albert Lea Owatonna BEMIDJI BEMIDJI MANKATO Arden Hills Arden Hills BRAINERD STAPLES NORTHFIELD MOORHEAD ST PAUL ROSEMOUNT NEW ULM DULUTH DULUTH DULUTH FERGUS FALLS DETROIT LAKES MOORHEAD WADENA Woodbury Granite Falls Worthington Canby Pipestone Jackson Fairmont Luverne Redwood Falls St. Peter ST PAUL Center City Brooklyn Park State MN MN MN MN MN MN MN MN MN MN MN MN MN MN MN MN MN MN MN MN MN MN MN MN MN MN MN MN MN MN MN MN MN MN MN MN MN MN MN MN MN MN MN MN ZIP 55401 554251554 56308 554042221 55303 55433 55008 55454 55902 55912 56007 55060 566014907 566012699 56001 551126999 55112 56401 564790099 550574001 56562 551045494 550682999 560733965 558113399 55802 55807 565371000 56501 56560 56482 55125 56241 56187 56220 56164 56143 56031 56156 56283 560821498 551041284 550120011 55445 sector_cd 3 3 4 8 4 4 4 2 2 4 4 4 4 1 2 2 2 4 4 2 2 2 4 2 4 9 3 4 4 4 4 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 2 2 2 4 sector_desc Private for-profit, 4-year or above Private for-profit, 4-year or above Public, 2-year Private nonprofit, less-than 2-year Public, 2-year Public, 2-year Public, 2-year Private nonprofit, 4-year or above Private nonprofit, 4-year or above Public, 2-year Public, 2-year Public, 2-year Public, 2-year Public, 4-year or above Private nonprofit, 4-year or above Private nonprofit, 4-year or above Private nonprofit, 4-year or above Public, 2-year Public, 2-year Private nonprofit, 4-year or above Private nonprofit, 4-year or above Private nonprofit, 4-year or above Public, 2-year Private nonprofit, 4-year or above Public, 2-year Private for-profit, less-than 2-year Private for-profit, 4-year or above Public, 2-year Public, 2-year Public, 2-year Public, 2-year Private for-profit, 4-year or above Public, 2-year Public, 2-year Public, 2-year Public, 2-year Public, 2-year Public, 2-year Public, 2-year Public, 2-year Private nonprofit, 4-year or above Private nonprofit, 4-year or above Private nonprofit, 4-year or above Public, 2-year men_total 11131 136 1418 24 872 3560 3560 1603 1603 1755 1755 1755 409 2441 276 1621 408 1866 1866 964 1045 1099 2326 387 2280 3 63 2798 2798 2798 2798 421 1472 1472 1472 1472 1472 1472 1472 1472 1084 1878 47 3834 Eden Prairie MN HIBBING MN HIBBING MN MINNEAPOLIS MN INVER GROVE HEIGHTSMN GRAND RAPIDS MN MINNEAPOLIS MN St Paul MN ST PAUL MN North Mankato MN Faribault MN MANKATO MN Edina MN BLAINE MN ROCHESTER MN ROCHESTER MN EAGAN MN VIRGINIA MN EVELETH MN ST PAUL MN MINNEAPOLIS MN Minneapolis MN CROOKSTON MN ROSEVILLE MN MINNEAPOLIS MN MINNEAPOLIS MN Crystal MN WOODBURY MN ROCHESTER MN Duluth MN MORRIS MN RICHFIELD MN ST CLOUD MN Moorhead MN Glyndon MN BROOKLYN PARK MN ROSEVILLE MN MENDOTA HEIGHTS MN BLOOMINGTON MN MINNEAPOLIS MN THIEF RIVER FALLS MN EAST GRAND FORKS MN Eagan MN ST PAUL MN BLOOMINGTON MN BEMIDJI MN BURNSVILLE MN 55347 55746 55746 55414 550763224 557443397 55402 551081496 551051801 560031920 550215782 56001 55435 55434 55905 55905 55121 55792 55734 551065000 554550213 55455 56716 551130000 55404 554031779 554283548 55125 559022382 55812 562672132 55423 563014332 56563 56547 55445 551134035 551201004 554314399 554041391 56701 56721 55121 551131598 554311599 566018834 553064578 4 9 4 9 4 4 3 2 2 4 4 1 1 9 2 2 3 4 4 1 1 1 1 6 2 4 3 9 2 1 1 3 9 1 1 4 3 3 4 2 4 4 6 2 2 2 9 Public, 2-year Private for-profit, less-than 2-year Public, 2-year Private for-profit, less-than 2-year Public, 2-year Public, 2-year Private for-profit, 4-year or above Private nonprofit, 4-year or above Private nonprofit, 4-year or above Public, 2-year Public, 2-year Public, 4-year or above Public, 4-year or above Private for-profit, less-than 2-year Private nonprofit, 4-year or above Private nonprofit, 4-year or above Private for-profit, 4-year or above Public, 2-year Public, 2-year Public, 4-year or above Public, 4-year or above Public, 4-year or above Public, 4-year or above Private for-profit, 2-year Private nonprofit, 4-year or above Public, 2-year Private for-profit, 4-year or above Private for-profit, less-than 2-year Private nonprofit, 4-year or above Public, 4-year or above Public, 4-year or above Private for-profit, 4-year or above Private for-profit, less-than 2-year Public, 4-year or above Public, 4-year or above Public, 2-year Private for-profit, 4-year or above Private for-profit, 4-year or above Public, 2-year Private nonprofit, 4-year or above Public, 2-year Public, 2-year Private for-profit, 2-year Private nonprofit, 4-year or above Private nonprofit, 4-year or above Private nonprofit, 4-year or above Private for-profit, less-than 2-year 3834 0 693 28 2480 693 787 436 813 1876 1876 7469 7469 1 96 71 571 920 920 3500 25204 25204 1289 130 265 4759 40 7 71 6205 869 561 6 2968 2968 3248 140 400 4494 606 1711 1711 58 1242 396 56 3 PINE CITY MN INTERNATIONAL FALLSMN ROCHESTER MN ST JOSEPH MN St. Cloud MN Waite Park MN ST CLOUD MN COLLEGEVILLE MN WINONA MN Minneapolis MN NORTHFIELD MN ST BONIFACIUS MN DULUTH MN St. Paul MN Brainerd MN St. Cloud MN Rochester MN ST PAUL MN Minneapolis MN Owatonna MN ST PAUL MN Bloomington MN ST PAUL MN Minneapolis MN St. Cloud MN Brooklyn Park MN Eagan MN Bloomington MN Lake Elmo MN Mankato MN Blaine MN ST PAUL MN MARSHALL MN MINNEAPOLIS MN NEW BRIGHTON MN Ely MN MINNEAPOLIS MN WILLMAR MN HUTCHINSON MN WINONA MN RED WING MN WINONA MN Rochester MN ST PAUL MN WHITE BEAR LAKE MN ROCHESTER MN St Paul MN 55063 56649 559044999 563742099 563031240 56387 563014498 563212000 559871399 55404 550571098 553759001 558114199 55101 56401 56301 55901 551051096 55403 55060 551022199 55420 55105 55454 563013713 55445 55122 55435 55042 56560 55014 551029808 56258 55405 551122598 55731 554031192 56201 55350 55987 55066 559870838 55314 551053076 55110 55905 551012220 4 4 4 2 4 9 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 9 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 1 8 2 4 2 4 4 4 4 1 1 2 4 2 3 Public, 2-year Public, 2-year Public, 2-year Private nonprofit, 4-year or above Public, 2-year Private for-profit, less-than 2-year Public, 4-year or above Private nonprofit, 4-year or above Private nonprofit, 4-year or above Private nonprofit, 4-year or above Private nonprofit, 4-year or above Private nonprofit, 4-year or above Private nonprofit, 4-year or above Private nonprofit, 4-year or above Private nonprofit, 4-year or above Private nonprofit, 4-year or above Private nonprofit, 4-year or above Private nonprofit, 4-year or above Private nonprofit, 4-year or above Private nonprofit, 4-year or above Private nonprofit, 4-year or above Private for-profit, less-than 2-year Private nonprofit, 4-year or above Private nonprofit, 4-year or above Private for-profit, 4-year or above Private for-profit, 4-year or above Private for-profit, 4-year or above Private for-profit, 4-year or above Private for-profit, 4-year or above Private for-profit, 4-year or above Private for-profit, 4-year or above Public, 2-year Public, 4-year or above Private nonprofit, less-than 2-year Private nonprofit, 4-year or above Public, 2-year Private nonprofit, 4-year or above Public, 2-year Public, 2-year Public, 2-year Public, 2-year Public, 4-year or above Public, 4-year or above Private nonprofit, 4-year or above Public, 2-year Private nonprofit, 4-year or above Private for-profit, 4-year or above 404 149 2416 0 2206 0 8359 1961 2129 2129 1407 544 1232 1232 1232 1232 1232 5302 5302 5302 55 12 253 253 1556 1556 1556 1556 1556 1556 1556 2934 2791 114 53 539 924 1961 1961 930 930 3509 3509 515 4835 115 522 RICHFIELD CLOQUET BROOKLYN CENTER Minneapolis CASS LAKE Hastings St. Louis Park Mahnomen BLOOMINGTON BROOKLYN CENTER Minnetonka MINNEAPOLIS PLYMOUTH New Hope Eden Prairie Maplewood Eagan Edina ST PAUL Waite Park Shakopee ROSEVILLE Mendota Heights Minnetonka Rochester Duluth Blaine Eden Prairie Minneapolis Moorhead Spring Lake Park Elk River Minneapolis Rochester St Louis Park Worthington Lakeville Rochester Park Rapids Rochester Brooklyn Center Edina Brooklyn Center MN MN MN MN MN MN MN MN MN MN MN MN MN MN MN MN MN MN MN MN MN MN MN MN MN MN MN MN MN MN MN MN MN MN MN MN MN MN MN MN MN MN MN 55425 557205581 55430 55402 56633 55033 55416 56557 554251536 554302131 553434545 55401 55447 55428 55347 55109 551211696 554355876 551197003 56387 55379 55113 55120 55305 55901 55811 55449 55344 55401 56560 55432 55330 55402 55904 55416 56187 55044 55906 564701551 559014310 554304100 55435 55430 2 4 3 3 4 9 6 5 3 3 3 6 3 9 3 9 9 3 9 3 3 3 6 9 3 9 3 9 6 3 9 3 3 1 9 6 3 9 9 9 3 6 3 Private nonprofit, 4-year or above Public, 2-year Private for-profit, 4-year or above Private for-profit, 4-year or above Public, 2-year Private for-profit, less-than 2-year Private for-profit, 2-year Private nonprofit, 2-year Private for-profit, 4-year or above Private for-profit, 4-year or above Private for-profit, 4-year or above Private for-profit, 2-year Private for-profit, 4-year or above Private for-profit, less-than 2-year Private for-profit, 4-year or above Private for-profit, less-than 2-year Private for-profit, less-than 2-year Private for-profit, 4-year or above Private for-profit, less-than 2-year Private for-profit, 4-year or above Private for-profit, 4-year or above Private for-profit, 4-year or above Private for-profit, 2-year Private for-profit, less-than 2-year Private for-profit, 4-year or above Private for-profit, less-than 2-year Private for-profit, 4-year or above Private for-profit, less-than 2-year Private for-profit, 2-year Private for-profit, 4-year or above Private for-profit, less-than 2-year Private for-profit, 4-year or above Private for-profit, 4-year or above Public, 4-year or above Private for-profit, less-than 2-year Private for-profit, 2-year Private for-profit, 4-year or above Private for-profit, less-than 2-year Private for-profit, less-than 2-year Private for-profit, less-than 2-year Private for-profit, 4-year or above Private for-profit, 2-year Private for-profit, 4-year or above 68 1049 138 9473 85 4 78 22 153 222 222 23 115 1 459 3 61 274 7 194 62 29 531 6 146 1 195 0 324 67 2 120 118 85 32 1 97 8 0 1 66 124 73 women_total total MURD9 NEG_M9 FORCIB9 NONFOR9 ROBBE9 AGG_A9 BURGLA9 VEHIC9 37851 48982 55 191 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1352 2770 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 137 161 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1517 2389 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5674 9234 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 3 5674 9234 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2303 3906 0 0 1 0 1 0 14 3 2303 3906 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1965 3720 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 2 1965 3720 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1965 3720 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 962 1371 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 2927 5368 0 0 0 0 0 2 7 0 336 612 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 0 2743 4364 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 5 265 673 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 5 2540 4406 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 2540 4406 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1054 2018 0 0 4 0 0 0 21 0 1727 2772 0 0 0 0 0 0 7 1 1862 2961 0 0 3 0 0 0 7 0 1450 3776 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 390 777 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 2941 5221 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 36 39 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 266 329 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4152 6950 0 0 0 0 0 2 2 0 4152 6950 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4152 6950 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4152 6950 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1027 1448 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1892 3364 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1892 3364 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1892 3364 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1892 3364 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1892 3364 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1892 3364 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1892 3364 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1892 3364 1435 2519 0 0 5 0 0 0 0 1 2977 4855 0 0 1 0 0 1 2 2 51 98 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2911 6745 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2911 33 793 472 3626 593 1017 370 1192 2207 2207 8240 8240 134 96 209 1572 689 689 4670 27353 27353 1364 243 402 5432 335 229 89 5601 1063 1086 125 4276 4276 4184 422 241 5448 778 2247 2247 8 1826 463 70 113 6745 33 1486 500 6106 1286 1804 806 2005 4083 4083 15709 15709 135 192 280 2143 1609 1609 8170 52557 52557 2653 373 667 10191 375 236 160 11806 1932 1647 131 7244 7244 7432 562 641 9942 1384 3958 3958 66 3068 859 126 116 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 4 0 0 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 1 2 0 0 18 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 5 0 0 0 0 13 2 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 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1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Campus Crime Data Codebook Variables in Creation Order # 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 Variable UNITID_P INSTNM BRANCH Address City State Zip sector_cd sector_desc men_total women_total Total MURD9 NEG_M9 FORCIB9 NONFOR9 ROBBE9 AGG_A9 BURGLA9 VEHIC9 ARSON9 MURD10 NEG_M10 FORCIB10 NONFOR10 ROBBE10 AGG_A10 BURGLA10 VEHIC10 ARSON10 MURD11 NEG_M11 FORCIB11 NONFOR11 ROBBE11 AGG_A11 BURGLA11 VEHIC11 ARSON11 FILTER09 FILTER10 FILTER11 End of worksheet Type Num Char Char Char Char Char Char Num Char Num Num Num Num Num Num Num Num Num Num Num Num Num Num Num Num Num Num Num Num Num Num Num Num Num Num Num Num Num Num Num Num Num Len 8 93 78 152 28 2 14 8 36 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 Format $93.00 $78.00 $152.00 $28.00 $2.00 $14.00 $36.00 Informat Label Unitid_plus $93.00 Institution Name $78.00 Branch Name $152.00 $28.00 $2.00 $14.00 $36.00 Total Men Total Women Grand Total Murder 2009 Negligent Manslaughter 2009 Forcible Sex Offense 2009 Nonforcible Sex Offense 2009 Robbery 2009 Aggravated Assault 2009 Burglary 2009 Motor Vehicle Theft 2009 Arson 2009 Murder 2010 Negligent Manslaughter 2010 Forcible Sex Offense 2010 Nonforcible Sex Offense 2010 Robbery 2010 Aggravated Assault 2010 Burglary 2010 Motor Vehicle Theft 2010 Arson 2010 Murder 2011 Negligent Manslaughter 2011 Forcible Sex Offense 2011 Nonforcible Sex Offense 2011 Robbery 2011 Aggravated Assault 2011 Burglary 2011 Motor Vehicle Theft 2011 Arson 2011 Data_year = 2009 (FILTER) Data_year = 2010 (FILTER) Data_year = 2011 (FILTER) Running head: DATA ANALYSIS AND MANAGEMENT Data Analysis and Management Saranya Venkatesh Capella University Copyright © 2016 Capella University. Copy and distribution of this document is prohibited. 1 DATA ANALYSIS AND MANAGEMENT 2 Case Study SmileCasa, a brand selling a wide range of goods, sells its products online and in department stores. The various products sold (segregated into categories) by SmileCasa over the past three months are—apparel, kitchen items, home appliances, food items, stationery, accessories, footwear, auto parts, electronics, and decorative items. The owner of SmileCasa has engaged James, a researcher, to analyze how the changing market conditions are affecting the company. Information about the number of units sold for various products over the past three months has been provided in the Store Sales Data file. To conduct his research, James should make use of the sales data of the store (see Appendix, for the scenario). The file contains the data of 100 products sold by the company online and in department stores over the past three months. The owner needs a management report comprising the findings and recommendations on the sales of the company’s products. James can use descriptive statistics and the independent samples t-test to do his analysis. Descriptive Statistics used for Store Sales Data Descriptive statistics generally characterizes or describes data by graphically displaying the information or describing central tendencies. James can use descriptive statistics to identify the most commonly sold products in the company and inform the owner whether sales in general have decreased or increased over the past three months in the online store and in department stores. Table 1 lists the products sold by SmileCasa over the past three months. Table 1 Various Items Sold Over the Past Three Months Types of products Number of products sold over the past three months First month Second month Third month Total products sold in three months Copyright © 2016 Capella University. Copy and distribution of this document is prohibited. DATA ANALYSIS AND MANAGEMENT Apparel Kitchen items Home Appliances Food items Stationery Accessories Footwear Auto parts Electronics Decorative items Total 3,575 3,565 5,348 3,460 3,754 3,543 3,679 4,729 3,647 5,350 40,650 3 4,796 4,878 4,601 4,684 4,576 4,582 4,944 3,540 4,637 5,694 46,932 5,451 5,368 3,578 5,585 5,644 5,176 5,511 4,479 5,427 3,497 49,716 13,822 13,811 13,527 13,729 13,974 13,301 14,134 12,748 13,711 14,541 137,298 As per the data presented in Table 1, it can be inferred that 137,298 products have Comment [JK1]: Very good with the determination and presentation of the common products sold over the 3 months. A graphical presentation could be valuation to depict trend. been sold in total over the past three months by SmileCasa. The products in the category decorative items have witnessed maximum sales, accounting for n = 14,541 of all products. Even though the sales of decorative items have come down from 5,350 in the first month to 3,497 in the third month, it is still the category with the most number of sales of products over the duration of the three months, followed by footwear (n = 14,134) and stationery (n = 13,974). The results indicate that overall there has been a substantial increase in the products sold by SmileCasa over the past three months. Home appliances and auto parts, however, have not seen any increase—in fact; there have been fluctuations in the sales of auto parts. Table 2 provides the summary of the total product sales statistics in various department stores Comment [JK2]: Good with the detail discussion of trend. and the online store over the past three months. Table 2 Summary of the Total Product Sales Statistics in Various Department Stores and the Online Store Over the Past Three Months Store type N Mean Department 48 1382.31 Median Minimum Maximum 1379.5 1201 1547 Sum 66,351 Standard deviation 81.594 Copyright © 2016 Capella University. Copy and distribution of this document is prohibited. DATA ANALYSIS AND MANAGEMENT 4 Online 52 1364.37 1359 1075 1588 70,947 86.067 Total 100 1372.98 1362.5 1075 1588 137,298 84.011 Comment [JK3]: Good with the 3 month cumulative presentation of the sales of the two store types. Results derived from Table 2 show that a total of 66,351 products were sold from department stores and 70,947 products were sold online. On an average, approximately 1382 (mean=1382.31) products were sold from the department stores and 1364 (mean=1364.37) products were sold online. The total number of products sold online is more than the total number of products sold from department stores. This can be because of the stronger online presence of SmileCasa when compared to its department stores. James can conduct hypothesis testing by using the sales data to check whether the total sales in the department stores are more than that in the online store. Statistical Hypothesis Testing A theory based on insufficient evidence that requires further testing is termed a hypothesis. A hypothesis can usually be proven true or false after further testing or experimentation. A hypothesis test examines two opposing hypotheses about a population— the null hypothesis and the alternative hypothesis (Loftus, 2010). In this scenario, the null hypothesis, H0, is as follows: the number of products sold in department stores (μ1) is less than or equal to the number of products sold online (μ2). The alternative hypothesis, H1, is as follows: the number of products sold in department stores (μ1) is more than the number of products sold online (μ2). After making the choice of hypothesis, the alpha (α) level is chosen. Generally, the significance level is set at 5% or 1%. A 95% confidence interval indicates a 5% level of significance. Thus, a one-tailed t-test is conducted with the level of significance at 5%. Copyright © 2016 Capella University. Copy and distribution of this document is prohibited. Comment [JK4]: Good with the determination of the hypotheses statement How about the mathematical expression of the hypotheses? DATA ANALYSIS AND MANAGEMENT 5 After selecting the alpha level at 5%, James can conduct an independent samples ttest. The test statistic compares the means of two independent groups to determine whether there is statistical evidence that the associated population means are significantly different. James can use this test to assess the difference in the number of products sold in the department stores and the number of products sold online, as shown in Table 3. He can obtain the results of the t-test by using software called Excel-MegaStat. Comment [JK5]: You are the one performing the analyses and reporting resul to support recommendations. Table 3 Independent Groups (t-test, unequal variance) Hypothesis Test: Independent Groups (t-test, unequal variance) Department 1,382.31 81.59 48 Online 1,364.37 86.07 52 mean std. dev. n 98 17.947 16.768 0 1.07 .1436 -15.332 51.226 33.279 df difference (Department - Online) standard error of difference hypothesized difference t p-value (one-tailed) confidence interval 95.% lower confidence interval 95.% upper margin of error From the Table given above, it can be inferred that the p-value 0.1436 is greater than 0.05. Hence, at 5% level of significance, James has not been able to reject the null hypothesis. Thus, he can conclude that with 5% confidence there is not enough evidence to suggest that the number of products sold from the department stores of SmileCasa are more than those sold online. After the process of hypothesis testing, James can calculate confidence intervals. The confidence intervals give a range of plausible values for some unknown value based on results from a sample. Point estimation is an estimate of the population parameter that gives a Copyright © 2016 Capella University. Copy and distribution of this document is prohibited. Comment [JK6]: Has to be 95% confidenc not 5%.... DATA ANALYSIS AND MANAGEMENT 6 particular value, while interval estimation gives a range of values that generally contain the population parameter, which is called confidence interval (Martini, D., & Martini, F. D., 2013). Table 4 shows the calculated values for testing and constructing the 95% confidence interval. The output is generated from Excel-MegaStat. Table 4 Independent Samples Test T-test for equality of means T df Sig. (1-tailed) Mean Std. error 95% confidence difference difference interval of the difference Equal 1.07 98 0.1436 17.947 16.768 Lower Upper -15.332 51.226 variances not assumed James has obtained the results presented above using Table 3 output. The products sold in the various stores of SmileCasa over the past three months have resulted in a difference of 17.947 between department stores and the online store. From the analysis of results obtained from Excel-MegaStat software, the 95% confidence interval is -15.332 and 51.226. Ethical issues in the Collection and Analysis of Descriptive Statistics Ethics in statistics are important during data representation. Numbers do not lie but their representation and interpretation can be misleading. The test of hypothesis shows that Copyright © 2016 Capella University. Copy and distribution of this document is prohibited. Comment [JK7]: What does the 95%CI tel you about the difference? Is the difference significance? Discuss and compare with conclusion from Scenario 2? Comment [JK8]: What specific, ethical concerns that you see with the data collectio analyses and reporting? DATA ANALYSIS AND MANAGEMENT 7 there is not much difference in the sales of the products. Since the confidence interval includes the number 0, it indicates that the results are not statistically significant. The nonsignificance is attributed to the wide variation of sales among the various stores. Comment [JK9]: How is this an ethical issue? This information might have been better placed in the section above. As a researcher, it is James’s responsibility to provide an accurate and complete picture that has been obtained from descriptive statistics without hiding any details or manipulating the data values in the descriptive analysis. Ethics in statistics are crucial as they give the right direction to research so that it is objective and demonstrates the truth. Findings and Recommendations for the Management of SmileCasa From the analysis of the results obtained, the data show that the product category named decorative items has the maximum sales, but the sales have fallen over the past three months. There may be various reasons for this decrease in the sales. One reason may be that the decorative items bought online were not delivered in proper condition or within the mentioned time. The sales of auto parts have also undergone fluctuations in the past three months. The sales have decreased considerably in the second month. Though the sales have increased in the third month, it has not reached the sales figure of the first month. This might be because of the unavailability of the desired products, which could have resulted in the fluctuation of the sales of auto parts. From the scenario, it is evident that the owner of SmileCasa believes that the total sales in the department stores are more than that in the online store, but James has proved from his analysis that the owner’s belief is wrong. However, James can recommend to the owner of SmileCasa to employ domain specialists, in the department stores, who are adept at selling and marketing specific products. With the help of these experts, the department store can achieve efficiency in its functioning. This might attract more customers and improve the sales of products in the department stores. Copyright © 2016 Capella University. Copy and distribution of this document is prohibited. Comment [JK10]: Good in general with th detail summary discussion. DATA ANALYSIS AND MANAGEMENT 8 Conclusion The various measures of central tendency and the hypothesis testing mentioned above provide insight about the sales data of the store. From the provided Store Sales Data file, James has identified the most commonly sold products in SmileCasa by using descriptive statistics. He has also analyzed the data by using the relevant test statistic and has proved that the belief of SmileCasa’s owner is wrong. The sales data show that the department stores are less in number and the sales of products are also less. If the owner implements the recommendations made by James and appoints domain specialists in the department stores, SmileCasa can enhance its reputation and increase the sales of products in its department stores. Copyright © 2016 Capella University. Copy and distribution of this document is prohibited. DATA ANALYSIS AND MANAGEMENT 9 References Loftus, G. (2010). Null hypothesis. In N. J. Salkind (Ed.), Encyclopedia of research design (pp. 939-942). doi: 10.4135/9781412961288.n280. Martini, D., & Martini, F. D. (2013). Success Probability Estimation with Applications to Clinical Trials. Retrieved from http://ebookcentral.proquest.com.library.capella.edu/lib/capella/reader.action?docID= 1187165 Copyright © 2016 Capella University. Copy and distribution of this document is prohibited. DATA ANALYSIS AND MANAGEMENT 10 Appendix SmileCasa, a brand selling a wide range of goods, sells its products online and in department stores. The owner of SmileCasa has engaged James to analyze the data about the sales figures of his company due to changing market conditions. The owner does this as a part of routine analysis to improve the functioning of the company. The number of units sold for various products over the past three months has been compiled in the Store Sales Data file. Write a management report to the owner analyzing and evaluating the sales data. James’ findings and recommendations must be included in the report. Copyright © 2016 Capella University. Copy and distribution of this document is prohibited.
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