Practice Discussion questions BIOLOGY

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Introduction to Biology

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The polar covalent bond that holds 2 hydrogens and an oxygen together to make water, and the hydrogen bonds between water molecules give water some unique properties among all other molecules on Earth. NOTE: This is asking about properties, i.e., specific ways that water functions because of it's chemical makeup that are beneficial for life on Earth. It is NOT asking about the three states that water can exist in on the planet (solid, liquid, or gas). This is due to some of these properties, but those states are not "properties" of water, but forms in which it exists. 1. What are three properties of water that make it so unusual? 2. How do the properties that you listed help living organisms? 3. In your own words, explain what a buffer is and how it works. Can you find any examples of buffers that you might use in your daily life? (Keep in mind that buffers do not make a substance "neutral" or pH 7. An acidic solution may contain a buffer--what would happen to that solution if you added a base to it? Similarly, an alkaline solution may contain a buffer. What would happen if you added an acid to it?) 4. How are the concepts of pH, acidity, and buffers related to homeostasis? 1. What are the four classes of biological macromolecules? For each of the four classes, tell a) what they are made of (what's the monomer or building block), b) what they're used for, and c) give one example of each found in the human body (not a food!) 2. In what way are all four groups similar in chemical composition, and how do they differ? (i.e., why are they called organic molecules?) 3. An individual can die after experiencing a high fever for a prolonged period of time. Using what you know about enzymes (they are proteins), explain why an individual who enters the emergency room with a high fever might be given an ice bath to lower his or her temperature. You have just isolated a new cell and you wish to classify it. Assume that you are able to see the inside of your cell with the lab. microscope. 1) How would you determine if your cell is either eukaryotic or prokaryotic? What are the similarities/differences of eukaryotic/prokaryotic cells? 2) Assume that your cell is eukaryotic. How would you determine if your cell is either an animal or plant cell? What are the similarities and differences of animal/plant cells? (Remember that animal and plant cells are eukaryotic.) 1.) Describe the plasma membrane. What is it made of and what does it do? 2.) Explain the similarities and differences between diffusion, osmosis and active transport. 3.) What is the difference between a semi-permeable membrane and a selectively permeable membrane?
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Unusual properties of water
The three properties are Boiling and freezing point, cohesion and viscosity and finally
Surface tension and vapor pressure.
The assistance of above properties to living organisms
First water assists in the buffering of temperature in the sense that it is relatively high on
specific heat capacity and also has a high vaporization and fusion empathy which is reflected on
the great boiling and freezing points of water. Hence regulation of atmospheric temperatures,
additionally due to the points of freezing and boiling equating animals can survive the
temperatures to the ability of frozen water to retain heat underneath. Secondly, water is regarded
as a metabolite in various reactions which act as either a product of reaction or a reactant and
thus involved in photosynthesis, respiration and even digestion. Water is regarded as a solvent
hence compounds with the bonding that is considered ionic for instance metal salts tend to
dissolve in water.
Buffer
A buffer is a solution that consists of a mixture of basic and acidic substances. And thus its
change in pH is due to the addition of either acidic of a basic substance. A buffer works by

Surname 2
Neutralization fro...


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