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Read Ch. 10 in iBook-Plato’s Crito

Answer the following questions:in apa style and it should be one page at l

With what reasons does Crito try to persuade Socrates to escape? (43a-46a) Which of these are the best in your opinion? Why?

"The most important thing is not life, but the good life." (48b) What do you think Socrates means by 'the good life'? Would you agree that it is better to die than to live badly? Can you give any examples of circumstances for either position?

Socrates says that one should never inflict wrong on another, even when one has been wronged oneself. (49b-e) What do you think about this?

Note: the parenthetical references are for the classic pagination/line references

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iPad 5:50 AM 1 * 100% SECTION 1 Introduction REVIEW QUESTIONS Born in 428 BCE, Plato came from an aristocratic family and was well educated. His real name was Aristocles, but he was given the name Plato (meaning broad) by his wrestling coach because he was a large man with a broad forehead, and he used his language abilities to expound on multiple subjects. He was a classical Greek philosopher and a student of Socrates whom he immortalized as the iconic Greek figure still honored today. Plato was also a mathematician, a writer of philosophical dialogues and founded the Academy of Athens, the first institute of higher learning in the Western world. This institution established the foundation of the study and teaching of natural philosophy, science and western philosophy. Why does Crito not awaken Socrates immediately? What news does he bring? How does Crito try to help Socrates and how does he justify his views? Why does Socrates disagree with him? The Crito, written by Plato in 360 BCE is a dialogue between Socrates and Crito after Socrates was found guilty and sentenced to death. Crito delivers a message regarding the date when Socrates will be put to death, and he is amazed at the overall calmness of Socrates in prison. After Socrates hears the actual date of his death. Crito pleads with him to escape, initially fearing public condemnation for refusing to help Socrates, but then he appeals to Socrates as a father abandoning his children and disgracing his friends and followers. Crito supports his arguments with the idea that Socrates should not have received a guilty verdict, and therefore, he does not deserve to die. Socrates addresses each point with rational explanations of his reasons for not escaping. Up Connection to Ethics | What is the basis of morality? Socrates is quite clear in his explanations for adhering to his principles while facing his impending death. Crito is relentless in appealing to Socrates to escape using personal and communal reasons and assuring Socrates that financial and other provisions would be made to ensure his escape. Socrates explains that he has always been guided by reason and could not put his principles aside, and he believes that only the opinions of the wise ones are good and should be followed rather than following a crowd of uninformed and unjust. He further explains that escaping would be breaking the law whether the guilty verdict was deserved or not. Socrates believes there are many implications regarding obedience to laws, and he expands on how they apply to specific aspects of society and politics. He asks Crito what good would be done by transgressing the law. Socrates concludes by saying wise men have advised him to ignore Crito's suggestions and follow his own concept of justice and his views on morality. 120 iPad 5:51 AM @ 1 * 100% Socrates. SECTION 2 plato. The Crito Crito By Plato Written 360 B.C.E Translated by Benjamin Jowett Persons of the Dialogue SOCRATES CRITO 克 Scene The Prison of Socrates. Socrates. WHY have you come at this hour, Crito? it must be quite early. Crito. Yes, certainly. Soc. What is the exact time? Cr. The dawn is breaking. Soc. I wonder the keeper of the prison would let you in. Cr. He knows me because I often come, Socrates; moreover. I have done him a kindness. Soc. And are you only just come? Cr. No, I came some time ago. c Soc. Then why did you sit and say nothing, instead of awakening me at once? 1 10 Cr. Why, indeed, Socrates, I myself would rather not have all this sleeplessness and sorrow. But I have been wondering at your iPad 5:51 AM 1 * 100% Soc. But why, my dear Crito, should we care about the opinion of the many? Good men, and they are the only persons who are worth considering, will think of these things truly as they happened. Cr. But do you see. Socrates, that the opinion of the many must be regarded, as is evident in your own case, because they can do the very greatest evil to anyone who has lost their good opinion? Soc. I only wish, Crito, that they could; for then they could also do the greatest good, and that would be well. But the truth is, that they can do neither good nor evil: they cannot make a man wise or make him foolish; and whatever they do is the result of chance. Cr. Well, I will not dispute about that; but please to tell me, Socrates, whether you are not acting out of regard to me and your other friends: are you not afraid that if you escape hence we may get into trouble with the informers for having stolen you away, and lose either the whole or a great part of our property; or that even a worse evil may happen to us? Now, if this is your fear, be at ease; for in order to save you, we ought surely to run this or even a greater risk; be persuaded, then, and do as | say. that you are justified, Socrates, in betraying your own life when you might be saved; this is playing into the hands of your enemies and destroyers; and moreover I should say that you were betraying your children; for you might bring them up and educate them; instead of which you go away and leave them, and they will have to take their chance; and if they do not meet with the usual fate of orphans, there will be small thanks to you. No man should bring children into the world who is unwilling to persevere to the end in their nurture and education. But you are choosing the easier part, as I think, not the better and manlier, which would rather have become one who professes virtue in all his actions, like yourself. And, indeed, I am ashamed not only of you, but of us who are your friends, when I reflect that this entire business of yours will be attributed to our want of courage. The trial need never have come on, or might have been brought to another issue; and the end of all, which is the crowning absurdity, will seem to have been permitted by us, through cowardice and baseness, who might have saved you, as you might have saved yourself, if we had been good for anything (for there was no difficulty in escaping); and we did not see how disgraceful, Socrates, and also miserable all this will be to us as well as to you. Make your mind up then, or rather have your mind already made up, for the time of deliberation is over, and there is only one thing to be done, which must be done, if at all, this very night, and which any delay will render all but impossible; I beseech you therefore, Socrates, to be persuaded by me, and to do as I say. Soc. Dear Crito, your zeal is invaluable, if a right one; but if wrong, the greater the zeal the greater the evil; and therefore we ought to consider whether these things shall be done or not. For I am and always have been one of those natures who must be guided by reason, whatever the reason may be which upon reflection appears to me to be the best; and now that this fortune has come upon me, I cannot put away the reasons which I have before given: the principles which I have hitherto honored and revered I still honor, and unless we can find other and better principles on the instant, I am certain not to agree with you; no, not even if the power of the multitude could inflict many more imprisonments, confiscations, deaths, frightening us like children with hobgoblin terrors. But what will be the fairest way of considering the question? Shall I Soc. Yes, Crito, that is one fear which you mention, but by no means the only one. Cr. Fear not. There are persons who at no great cost are willing to save you and bring you out of prison; and as for the informers, you may observe that they are far from being exorbitant in their demands; a little money will satisfy them. My means, which, as I am sure, are ample, are at your service, and if you have a scruple about spending all mine, here are strangers who will give you the use of theirs; and one of them, Simmias the Theban, has brought a sum of money for this very purpose; and Cebes and many others are willing to spend their money too. I say, therefore, do not on that account hesitate about making your escape, and do not say, as you did in the court, that you will have a difficulty in knowing what to do with yourself if you escape. For men will love you in other places to which you may go, and not in Athens only; there are friends of mine in Thessaly, if you like to go to them, who will value and protect you, and no Thessalian will give you any trouble. Nor can I think 123 iPad 5:51 AM 1 * 100% Cr. Why do you say this? peaceful slumbers, and that was the reason why I did not awaken you, because I wanted you to be out of pain. I have always thought you happy in the calmness of your temperament; but never did I see the like of the easy, cheerful way in which you bear this calamity. Soc. I will tell you. I am to die on the day after the arrival of the ship? Cr. Yes; that is what the authorities say. Soc. Why, Crito, when a man has reached my age he ought not to be repining at the prospect of death. Soc. But I do not think that the ship will be here until to-morrow; this | gather from a vision which I had last night, or rather only just now, when you fortunately allowed me to sleep. Cr. And yet other old men find themselves in similar misfortunes, and age does not prevent them from repining. Cr. And what was the nature of the vision? Soc. That may be. But you have not told me why you come at this early hour. Soc. There came to me the likeness of a woman, fair and comely, clothed in white raiment, who called to me and said: 0 Socrates- "The third day hence, to Phthia shalt thou go." Cr. I come to bring you a message which is sad and painful; not, as | believe, to yourself but to all of us who are your friends, and saddest of all to me. Cr. What a singular dream, Socrates! Soc. There can be no doubt about the meaning Crito, I think. Soc. What! I suppose that the ship has come from Delos, on the arrival of which I am to die? Cr. No, the ship has not actually arrived, but she will probably be here to- day, as persons who have come from Sunium tell me that they have left her there; and therefore to-morrow, Socrates, will be the last day of your life. Cr. Yes: the meaning is only too clear. But, O! my beloved Socrates, let me entreat you once more to take my advice and escape. For if you die I shall not only lose a friend who can never be replaced, but there is another evil: people who do not know you and me will believe that I might have saved you if I had been willing to give money, but that I did not care. Now, can there be a worse disgrace than this, that I should be thought to value money more than the life of a friend? For the many will not be persuaded that I wanted you to escape, and that you refused. Soc. Very well, Crito; if such is the will of God, I am willing; but my belief is that there will be a delay of a day. Who was Socrates? Who was Plato? Ale for Pad iPad 5:51 AM 1 * 100% Writing to Inquiry about Plato Cr. Yes. Soc. And the opinions of the wise are good, and the opinions of the unwise are evil? Cr. Certainly. Soc. And what was said about another matter? Was the disciple in gymnastics supposed to attend to the praise and blame and opinion of every man, or of one man only- his physician or trainer, whoever that was? Cr. Of one man only. Soc. And he ought to fear the censure and welcome the praise of that one only, and not of the many? Cr. That is clear. Soc. And he ought to live and train, and eat and drink in the way which seems good to his single master who has understanding, rather than according to the opinion of all other men put together? Cr. True. Soc. And if he disobeys and disregards the opinion and approval of the one, and regards the opinion of the many who have no understanding, will he not suffer evil? return to your old argument about the opinions of men, some of which are to be regarded, and others, as we were saying, are not to be regarded? Now were we right in maintaining this before I was condemned? And has the argument which was once good now proved to be talk for the sake of talking; in fact an amusement only, and altogether vanity? That is what I want to consider with your help, Crito: whether, under my present circumstances, the argument appears to be in any way different or not; and is to be allowed by me or disallowed. That argument, which, as I believe, is maintained by many who assume to be authorities, was to the effect, as I was saying, that the opinions of some men are to be regarded, and of other men not to be regarded. Now you, Crito, are a disinterested person who are not going to die to- morrow- at least, there is no human probability of this, and you are therefore not liable to be deceived by the circumstances in which you are placed. Tell me, then, whether I am right in saying that some opinions, and the opinions of some men only, are to be valued, and other opinions, and the opinions of other men, are not to be valued. I ask you whether | was right in maintaining this? Cr. Certainly he will. Soc. And what will the evil be, whither tending and what affecting, in the disobedient person? Cr. Clearly, affecting the body; that is what is destroyed by the evil. Soc. Very good; and is not this true, Crito, of other things which we need not separately enumerate? In the matter of just and unjust, fair and foul, good and evil, which are the subjects of our present consultation, ought we to follow the opinion of the many and to fear them; or the opinion of the one man who has understanding, and whom we ought to fear and reverence more than all the rest of the world: and whom deserting we Cr. Certainly. Soc. The good are to be regarded, and not the bad? 124
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Running Head: CRITO AND SOCRATES

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Crito and Socrates
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CRITO AND SOCRATES

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Crito tries to persuade Socrates to escape from prison initially because he feared that
the people would condemn him as he had refused to help Socrates. He told him that if he
refused to flee, he would be like a father who was abandoning his children and disappointing
his friends and followers. He informs him that he h...


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