Description
"Literature reviews, including research syntheses and meta-analyses, are critical evaluations of material that has already been published. In meta-analyses, authors use quantitative procedures to statistically combine the results of studies. By organizing, integrating,and evaluating previously published material, authors of literature reviews consider the progress of research toward clarifying a problem. In a sense, literature reviews are tutorials, in that authors
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- define and clarify the problem;
- summarize previous investigations to inform the reader of the state of research;
- identify relations, contradictions, gaps, and inconsistencies in the literature; and
- suggest the next step or steps in solving the problem.
The components of literature reviews can be arranged in various ways (e.g., by grouping research based on similarity in the concepts or theories of interest, methodological similarities among the studies reviewed, or the historical development of the field)."
For this assignment, you will create an annotated bibliography and an outline, two documents that will help you create your research paper.
- The annotated bibliography should be formatted using the example provided. For this week you are only required to have 5 peer-reviewed articles in your annotated bibliography.
- The outline should include your paper topic and the anticipated sections for your paper (no more than 3 main sections). Under each area include detailed information, including the purpose of that section in relation to the paper. This outline is not complete or final, but should provide enough detailed information so that you may receive helpful feedback for this paper.
Be sure to use APA format, including a cover page and reference section. Include in-text citations to show what sources you will use for each section.
*******Below attached is an example of how the professor would like for this outline to be.
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Explanation & Answer
Attached.
Running head: WRITING AN ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY
ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY ON IMPACT OF INSTITUTIONAL JUSTICE
NAME
INSTITUTION AFFILIATION
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ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY
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Annotated Bibliography
DiIulio, J. J., Alpert, G. P., Moore, M. H., Cole, G. F., Petersilia, J., Logan, C. H., &
Wilson, J. Q. (1993). Performance measures for the criminal justice system. US Department
of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, Bureau of Justice Statistics.
The article is one that asserts that ‘the justice system ought to be efficient, effective, and fair’. It
is one of the shared consensus globally, but one that has not lived to its expectation in the current
society. the question is, has the institutional been effective in meeting the expectation of
reforming and rehabilitating the incarcerated? Perhaps, perhaps not. The article is also alive to
the fact that there is an uphill task in coming to an objective understanding of measuring the
impact of institutional justice and the expectations. The two concepts are different, and though
used almost at the same breath, they are quite different in their implication. When applied to the
criminal justice, it means that ‘criminal justice measures are not neutral standards but are factors
that enter into the processes being analyzed —identifying relative degrees of improvement in
fairness in sentencing’. It is this objective that the article seeks to interpret, and while questions
abound on such a parameter, there is a shared belief on the ability of improving the institutional
justice. For instance, there is a finding that unlike the commonly held view, the criminal justice
has reformed to increase the likelihood of imprisonment, which has led to problems such as
increased in number of crimes one is likely to undergo incarceration. It is an article that seeks to
give an indication of how the criminal justice should be, and the aspects that define it.
Blanco, L. R. (2012). The impact of reform on the criminal justice system in Mexico.
The article has been included mainly for comparison purpose. It offers some insight when it says
‘In an accusatorial system, which is common in democratic states, judges evaluate evidence in an
ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY
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open trial and there is a separation between the institution that presents the accusation and the
one that makes the judgment’. In most instances, the judicial reforms causes the perception on
the security of individuals and people being seen as victims of crime. Each judicial reform is
supposed to deal with specific issues that are unique to the factors of each locality. For instance,
in Mexico, the judicial reform is aimed at eliminating corruption and deterring crime. The
institution justice is one that seeks to promote the larger goal of ‘good governance, and
consequently greater economic growth’ which leads to the rule of law and the respect for the
right to property of all citizens. The underlying principle is to use the Mexican case study as an
analogy for further analysis on the US institution justice.
Rosich, K. J. (2007). Race, ethnicity, and the criminal justice system. ASA.
The question of race is one that applies mainly when it comes to the US because institutional
justice has been seen to have contributed greatly to this trend, and the perception that the US
criminal justice is openly biased to the minorities, especially the African Americans. In America,
crime and punishment has been a symbol of...
Review
Review
