ASSIGNMENT 08
PS400 Cognitive Psychology
Directions: Be sure to save an electronic copy of your answer before submitting it to Ashworth
College for grading. Unless otherwise stated, answer in complete sentences, and be sure to use
correct English, spelling, and grammar. Sources must be cited in APA format. . Your responses
to the essay topics should be presented in two double-spaced paragraphs. You can refer to the
“Format Requirementsʺ page for specific format requirements.
1. (1.) Define the concept of prospective memory, providing examples, and briefly describe
the basic neural pathways involved in prospective memory. (2.) Illustrate why
prospective memory is important in the workplace, using examples.
2. The third major feature of language is pragmatics. Using examples, explain the role of
pragmatics in human speech.
3. Describe the pros and cons of different ideas about the origins of language, including the
difficulties involved in establishing evidence for any one perspective.
4. Explain the four stages of creativity that are generally recognized by cognitive
psychologists. Illustrate each stage based on a single conceivable problem you might like
to pursue. (HINT: approach the four stages in groups of two—first and second stages in
paragraph 1, and the third and fourth stages in paragraph 2.)
5. In the context of conditional reasoning and cognitive constraints on conditional
reasoning, (1.) Define the confirmation bias in general terms, providing salient examples.
(2.) Describe and explain the types of belief confirmation related to political climate,
again providing relevant examples.
Grading Rubric
Please refer to the rubric on the next page for the grading criteria for this assignment.
CATEGORY
Prospective Memory
(15 Points)
Exemplary
15 points
Student clearly defines
prospective memory, gives
examples, adequately describes
the neural pathways involved,
and thoroughly covers why it is
important in the workplace,
with examples.
Satisfactory
12 points
Student mostly adquately
defines prospective memory,
gives examples, mostly
describes the neural pathways
involved, and mostly covers
why it is important in the
workplace, with examples.
Role of Pragmatics in
Human Speech
(15 Points)
15 points
Student demonstrates an
excellent understanding of
semantics as the science of
meaning, and provides many
salient examples.
15 points
Student provides cogent and
clear explanations of different
perspectives on the origin of
language and provides
appropriate examples.
12 points
Student demonstrates an
adequate understanding of
semantics as the science of
meaning and provides
reasonably salient examples.
12 points
Student provides adequate
explanations of different
perspectives on the origin of
language and provides
reasonably appropriate
examples.
12 points
Student provides adequate
summaries of the four stages of
the creative process while
providing a reasonably clear
and appropriate personal
perspective that adequately
clarifies and exemplifies the
four stages.
12 points
Student provides an adequate
explanation of the confirmation
bias both in general and with
respect to the myside bias,
while providing reasonably
salient examples.
8 points
Student makes 1-2 errors in
grammar or spelling that
distract the reader from the
content.
12 points
The paper is written in proper
format with only 1-2 errors. All
sources used for quotes and
facts are credible, and most are
cited correctly. Adequate
organization includes a variety
of appropriate transitions.
Origins of Language
(15 Points)
Four Stages of Creative 15 points
Process
Student provides excellent
(15 Points)
summaries of the four stages of
the creative process while
providing a clear and
appropriate personal
perspective that effectively
clarifies and exemplifies the
four stages.
Confirmation Bias
15 points
(15 Points)
Student provides a clear
explanation of the confirmation
bias both in general and with
respect to the myside bias,
while providing salient
examples.
Mechanics
10 points
(10 Points)
Student does not make any
errors in grammar or spelling,
especially those that distract
the reader from the content.
Format - APA Format, 15 points
Citations, Organization, The paper is written in proper
Transitions
APA and organizational format.
(15 Points)
All sources used for quotes and
facts are credible and cited
correctly. Excellent
organization, including a variety
of thoughtful transitions.
Unsatisfactory
8 points
Student partially defines
prospective memory, either
gives poor or one example,
partially describes the neural
pathways involved, and partially
covers why it is important in the
workplace, with few, if any,
examples.
8 points
Student fails to clearly
comprehend the nature and
function of semantics in
language, although a few salient
examples may be provided.
8 points
Student fails to clearly
differentiate varying
perspective on the origins of
language. Although one or
more salient examples may be
provided.
8 points
Student fails to clearly
differentiate the stages of the
creative process and student’s
personal perspective fails to
adequately provide clarification
of the four stages. Examples, if
offered are unlikely to be
salient.
8 points
Student fails to provide a clear
explanation of the confirmation
bias either in general or with
respect to the myside bias.
Examples, if offered, are
unlikely to be salient.
5 points
Student makes 3-4 errors in
grammar or spelling that
distract the reader from the
content.
8 points
The paper is written in proper
format with only 3-5 errors.
Most sources used for quotes
and facts are credible and cited
correctly. Essay is poorly
organized, but may include a
few effective transitions.
Unacceptable
5 points
Student fails to complete this
portion of the assignment, by
not providing adquate detail
and/or not providing examples.
5 points
Student fails to comprehend the
nature and function of
semantics in language and
examples, if there are any, are
unlikely to be salient.
5 points
Student fails to differentiate
varying perspective on the
origins of language and salient
examples are absent.
5 points
Student fails to differentiate the
four stages of the creative
process and student’s personal
perspective, if provided, offers
little or nothing that clarifies
the four stages.
5 points
Student fails to explain the
confirmation bias, either in
general or with respect to the
myside bias, and salient
examples are absent.
2 points
Student makes more than 4
errors in grammar or spelling
that distract the reader from
the content.
5 points
The paper is not written in
proper format. Many sources
used for quotes and facts are
less than credible (suspect)
and/or are not cited correctly.
Essay is disorganized and does
not include effective
transitions.
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